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최봉근 한국양명학회 2005 陽明學 Vol.0 No.15
This dissertation assumed 'life'(生命) with common denominator of ‘Hoal-In-Sim-Bang(活人心方)’ and ‘Toe-gae's philosophy’(退溪哲學). 2nd chapter, from the paradigm inside which is a ‘life’, gropes world view of ‘Hoal-In-Sim-Bang’ and ‘Toe-gae's philosophy’. 3rd chapter, discusses as to ‘anti-life(非-生命) phenomenon’. The conclusion of ‘life’ is death. This is not relate to ‘anti-life phenomenon’. From here, it analyzed the Qi(氣) with two viewpoints. The viewpoint is the disease(疾病) and vice(惡). 4th chapter, against ‘Yang-Saeng’(養生) and ‘Hoal-In-Sim-Bang’ it analyzed with ‘nature-life’(自然生命) and 'moral-life'(精神生命). They are the next two branches. (1) The first phase of the ‘Yang-Saeng’ is responsibility of the ‘nature-life’. It is the ‘microscopic Yang-Saeng’(微視的 養生). (2) ‘nature-life’ and 'moral-life' are realized in one ‘life’. It is the ‘macroscopic Yang-Saeng’(巨視的 養生). 이 논문은 활인심방과 퇴계철학에 공통분모로 적용할 수 있다고 가정한 ‘생명’이라는 패러다임을 통해 논의를 진행한다. 2장에서는 활인심방의 의학적 자연과학과 퇴계철학의 성리학적 자연철학이 접목되었을 가능성에 대한 논의가 진행되면서, ‘생명’이라는 패러다임 속에서 활인심방과 퇴계철학이 가진 각각의 세계관이 생명적 세계관을 준거로 하여 교류할 수 있는 가능성을 모색한다. 3장에서는 생명적 세계 내에서 발생하게 되는 ‘비-생명’적 현상에 대해 검토하면서, 생명의 운명적 종결이 ‘비-생명’적 현상과 무관함에 따라 ‘비-생명’적 요소로 등장하는 ‘기’에 대해 질병과 악이라는 관점으로 분석하였다. 여기서 ‘비-생명’적 현상은 기 자체의 생명활동에 의한 것으로서 ‘비-생명’적 요소는 비본질적 현상으로 이해할 수 있게 되었으며, 이런 비본질적자 ‘비-생명’적 요인으로 작용하는 기의 문제는 퇴계철학의 수양적 방법으로 차용될 가능성이 발견된다. 4장에서는 활인심방의 양생의 의미를 유가철학 일반의 생명, 즉 자연생명과 정신생명의 두 측면으로 분석하여, (1) 양생의 첫 단계인 자연생명의 유지에 대한 책임에 해당하는 미시적인 양생과 (2) 양생의 완전한 단계로서, 자연생명과 도덕생명이 하나의 완전한 생명으로 실현되는 거시적 양생을 확인하였다. 미시적이든 거시적이든 양생이 목적으로 하는 바는, 결국 생명체로서의 자신을 보존하면서 타자의 생명을 보호하고 교화해야 하는 책임을 완수할 수 있도록 하는 것에 있다. 여기서 도가적 양생의 방법을 통해 인간이 생명적 세계 내에서 육체적이며 정신적인 온전한 삶의 향유를 누리게 되는 진인과 유가적 수양을 통해 생명적 세계 내에서 인간의 완전한 정신적 삶을 향유하는 성인과의 동질성을 발견할 수 있다. 즉 자연이 생명의 잉태(生)와 조화를 그 본질로 삼고 있듯이 자신에게 주어진 생명의 본질을 체득하여 생명의 본질이 목적으로 하는 살림(生)과 조화를 구현하는 것으로서 진인과 성인이라는 두 개념은 퇴계에 있어 일치된 듯하다. 이는 퇴계가 되고자 하였던 성인의 모습과 일치하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이런 점에서 퇴계가 활인심방을 성리학적 수양의 한 도구로 사용한 또 하나의 이유를 발견할 수 있다.
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최봉근,진창하 한국부동산연구원 2019 부동산연구 Vol.29 No.3
In this study, we examines the relationship between office total return and investor sentiment. Utilizing the Bank of Korea's Consumer Sentiment Index (CSI) as proxy for investor sentiment, we analyzes the relationship between total return and investor sentiment. We control macro economic variables, such as risk free rate, exchange rate, KOSPI, and default risk premium, to isolate the fundamental economic effect, rational sentiment and idiosyncratic effect, and irrational sentiment. Using the VAR (Vector Auto Regressive) model, we investigate the lead and lag relationship among our key variables; sentiment variables and return proxy; income return and capital return, as well as total return. As a result, we find a significant coefficient on macro economic variables, such as employment rate, KOSPI, risk free rate, default risk premium, and inflation rate. Furthermore, irrational sentiment does not affect total return, while rational sentiment affects total return and income return. 본 연구는 오피스 투자수익률과 투자심리의 관계를 확인하는 연구를 진행하였다. 한국은행의 소비자심리지수(CSI)를 투자심리의 대리변수로 이용하였으며, 투자수익률과 투자심리의 관계를 확인하기 위해 심리변화를 야기하는 거시경제적 동인을 파악하는 사전적 분석을 진행하였다. 또한, 합리적인 경제요인에 근거하지 않은 비합리적 심리(irrational)의 영향을 확인하기 위해 심리분해방법을 수행하였다. 심리분해를 통해 변수로 설정한 합리적 심리(rational)와 비합리적 심리(irrational)가 투자수익률과 어떠한 관계에 있는지 확인하기 위해 벡터자기회귀모형(VAR)을 통해 상호적인 관계를 검증하였으며, 각 심리가 투자수익률에 영향을 미치는 경로를 파악하기 위해 소득수익률(IR), 자본수익률(CR)에 대한 추가적인 분석을 진행하였다. 분석결과, 환율을 제외한 본 연구의 모든 거시경제변수가 심리변화를 일으키는 동인으로 밝혀졌다. VAR모형 분석결과, 비합리적 심리가 투자수익률에 미치는 영향은 유의성이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며 합리적 심리는 투자수익률과 소득수익률에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
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RF-PECVD법에 의해 증착된 DLC 박막의 결합구조와 기계적 특성에 관한 보조가스의 영향
최봉근,Choi, Bong-Geun 한국결정성장학회 2015 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.25 No.4
In this work, we were investigated the effect of the additive gases on the relationship between bonding structure and mechanical properties of the deposited films when the DLC films were deposited on Si-wafer by the rf-PECVD method with the addition of small amounts of carbon dioxide and nitrogen to the mixture gas of methane and hydrogen. The deposition rate of the films increased as the rf-power increased, while it decreased with increasing the amount of additive gases. Also, as the carbon dioxide gas increased, the hydrogen content in the films decreased but the $sp^3/sp^2$ ratio of the films increased. In case of nitrogen gas, the hydrogen content decreased, however the $sp^3/sp^2$ ratio and nitrogen gas flow rate did not show a specific tendency.
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Polymorphisms of TGFBR2 contribute to the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma
최봉근,김수강,박해정,박현경,권기환,임성훈,임성빈 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2012 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.8 No.1
Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70/80 kDa) (TGFBR2) is a tumor suppressor. Mutations in the TGFBR2 gene appear to have an increased risk of developing several cancers. To investigate whether TGFBR2 polymorphisms are associated with the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC),three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGFBR2 (rs764522, -1444C/G; rs3087465, -834G/A;rs2228048, Asn389Asn) were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing in 92 PTC patients and 330 control subjects. We also assessed the relationships between three SNPs of TGFBR2 and clinicopathologic characteristics of PTC such as size (⁄1 cm and ›1cm), number (unifocality and multifocality), location (one lobe and both lobe), extrathyroidal invasion, and lymph node metastasis. SNPStats and Haploview version 4.2 were used to analyze genetic data. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant1, codominant2,dominant, recessive, overdominant, and log-additive)were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs), 95%confidence intervals (CIs), and P values. The three examined SNPs were not associated with PTC. In clinicopathologic characteristics, two promoter SNPs (rs3087465 and rs764522) were associated with lymph node metastasis (rs3087465, P=0.009 in the codominant1model, P=0.043 in the dominant model, P=0.003 in the overdominant model; rs764522, P=0.021in the codominant1 model, P=0.044 in the dominant model, P=0.016 in the overdominant model). The synonymous SNP rs2228048 was associated with extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.024 in the dominant model,P=0.015 in the log-additive model). The allele frequency of rs2228048 was significantly different between PTC with extrathyroidal invasion and PTC without extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.018, OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.24-0.88). These results suggest that TGFBR2 may be associated with the progression of PTC in Korean population.
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Downregulation of regenerating islet-derived 3 alpha (REG3A)in primary human gastric adenocarcinomas
최봉근,Woo-Ho Kim,Laurence Christa,Paris Descartes),Joobae Park,Chang-Dae Bae 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.6
Gastric carcinoma is considered to be one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. We have performed differential- display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) in order to compare the gene expression profile of gastric carcinoma and that of a normal stomach, in an attempt to identifiy differentially expressed genes associated with primary human gastric cancers. One of the down-regulated genes in gastric cancers was identified as regenerating islet-derived 3 alpha (REG3A), also known as hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/ pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP). REG3A exhibited relatively high expression levels in normal gastric mucosa. However, REG3A was found to be down-regulated in 67% (20 out of 30 samples) of primary human gastric cancers, as determined by RT-PCR. In addition, REG3A mRNA expression was not detected in stomach cancer cell lines, SNU cells. Immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed the down-regulation of REG3A expression in primary human gastric cancers. Treatment with the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) resulted in the restoration of REG3A mRNA expression in the gastric cancer cell line, indicating that the transcriptional silencing of REG3A in SNU cell lines was caused by DNA methylation. Taken together, these data indicate that REG3A is down-regulated in most primary human gastric cancer cells, and might be useful in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Further characterization of the differentially expressed gene, REG3A, should lead to a better understanding of the changes occurring at the molecular level during the development and progression of primary human gastric cancer.
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펄스레이저 증착법에 의한 Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 입자 표면 위 TiO<sub>2</sub> 나노입자의 코팅
최봉근,김소연,박철우,박재화,홍윤표,심광보,Choi, Bong Geun,Kim, So Yeon,Park, Cheol Woo,Park, Jae Hwa,Hong, Yoon Pyo,Shim, Kwang Bo 한국결정성장학회 2013 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Titanium dioxides nanoparticles coated aluminum oxide powders were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with Nd : YAG laser at 266 nm. The Pulse laser energy is 100 mJ/pulse. During the irradiation of the focused laser on the $TiO_2$ target, Ar gas is supplied into the chamber. The gas pressure is varied in a range of $1{\times}10^{-2}$ to 100 Pa. Titanium dioxides nanoparticles deposited aluminum oxide powders were characterized by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), in order to understand the effect of Ar background gas on surface morphology and properties of the powders. The coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticles had nanosized spherical shape and the crystallite sizes of 10~30 nm. The morphology of coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticles is not affected by gas pressure. However, the particle size and crystallinity slightly increased with the increase of gas pressure. According to this technique, the size and crystallinity of nanoparticles can be easily controlled by controlling pressure during the laser irradiation.
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