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주나미 한국서양중세사학회 2023 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.- No.51
The purpose of this study is to analyze the value system and symbol system of Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii and to examine its meaning in the historical context of the time. The message, that the Journey Through the Afterlife were trying to deliver by dramatically crossing the boundary between reality and imagination, is not limited to the didactic dimension. The first clue can be found in ‘the symbolic change of the main character’s status’. In both stories, the protagonist's initial status in this world is ‘a nobleman and a knight’. Afterwards, those who went to the underworld and stood before God’s judgment were not noblemen, but mere ‘sinners’. However, unlike Tnugdal, who remains a sinner throughout his journey to the underworld, Owein, who entered the purgatory pit of St. Patrick, becomes a ‘knight of Christ’. Behind this is the Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade. The second reason why the story could function as a political propaganda can be found in the characteristic of the Journey through the afterlife. Tnugdal’s Journey is a ‘Journey of Repentance’ that enumerates the sins committed by living humans and reflects on them one by one. However, Demons do not tell Owein why he must be tortured. So his pain feels more like a torture to test his faith or a hardship to overcome than a punishment. This shows that Owein’s journey is not in repentance but in ‘Conquest’. The third clue can be found in ‘the symbolism of the background of the story’. Purgatory of Owain the Knight is a ‘real space’ managed by an Irish monastery, and at the same time a ‘virtual space’ revealed by Christ for St. Patrick. By the way, the white plains, a symbol of heaven in the Celtic tradition, have changed to the black plains of hell, and the emphasis on Ireland's savagery and insufficient Christianization shows that Hell, where Owein confronts the devil, actually symbolizes Ireland itself. Even, Gerald Wales, a servant of King Henry II, inserted Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii among his works related to his political journey in Ireland and Wales. In short, the characteristics revealed by the symbolic system of Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii and the works of Gerald Wales surrounding it suggest that the story of Owein's journey to the underworld played a political role in England in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Just as Owein conquered Purgatory, English monarchs and priests wanted to conquer Ireland, Wales and Jerusalem. This shows that purgatory in the Middle Ages was not only a didactic space where punishment(fear) and purification(hope) coexisted, but also a real space where the political desires of the ruling powers were realized or frustrated. 자크 르 고프는 중세 사람들의 머릿속에 연옥이라는 공간이 자리를 잡아가는 과정에서 『성 파트리키우스의 연옥』이 『트누그달의 환시』와 함께 맡았던 역할을 중시했다. 그러나 중세 저승 여행담이 현실과 상상의 경계를 극적으로 넘나들면서 전달하고자 했던 메시지는 교훈적 차원에만 한정되지 않는다. 이 연구의 목적은 『성 파트리키우스의 연옥』 이야기의 가치체계와 상징체계를 분석하고, 그 의미를 당대의 역사적 맥락 위에서 살펴보는 것이다. 첫 번째 실마리는 ‘주인공 신분의 상징적 변동’에서 찾을 수 있다. 『트누그달의 환시』와 『성 파트리키우스의 연옥』 모두에서 주인공의 이승에서의 최초 신분은 ‘귀족이자 기사’이다. 그러나 저승으로 넘어가 신의 심판대에서 이들은 고귀한 나리님이 아니라 한낱 ‘속세의 죄인’일 뿐이다. 그런데 저승 여행 내내 속세의 죄인으로 남는 트누그달과 달리 성 파트리키우스의 연옥 구덩이로 들어간 오웨인은 용맹한 기사가 된다. 그는 자신의 죄를 정화하고 회개하는 것보다는 ‘그리스도의 기사’로 거듭나 색다르고 범상치 않은 무훈을 발휘하는 데 더 관심이 많아 보인다. 이러한 오웨인의 모습 뒤에는 살라딘의 예루살렘 정복과 3차 십자군 모집이라는 현실이 있다. 『성 파트리키우스의 연옥』이 정치적 선전물로 기능할 수 있었던 두 번째 이유는 ‘저승 여정의 성격’에서 찾을 수 있다. 트누그달의 지옥 여정은 살아 있는 인간들이 저지르는 죄들이 나열되고, 그 하나하나를 반성하는 ‘회개의 여정’이다. 그러나 오웨인의 연옥에는 죄인은 있지만 ‘죄목’은 없다. 악마들은 오웨인에게 왜 고문을 당해야 하는지 말해주지 않는다. 그래서 그의 고통은 형벌이라기보다 믿음을 시험하는 고문이나 극복해야 하는 고난처럼 느껴진다. 죄목이 없으니 반성도 없고, 오로지 악마들의 고문을 이겨내고 승리하라는 소명만 남을 뿐이다. 기사가 회유에 흔들리지 않고 고문을 통과할 때마다 악마들은 힘을 잃고 물러난다. 이것은 오웨인의 여정이 회개가 아닌 ‘정복’에 있음을 보여준다. 세 번째 실마리는 ‘이야기의 배경이 지닌 상징성’에서 찾을 수 있다. 중세 여행담의 가장 큰 특징은 이야기 안에서나 밖에서나 현실과 상상의 경계가 흐릿하다는 것이다. 오웨인의 모험이 펼쳐지는 연옥은 아일랜드 수도원이 관리하는 ‘현실의 공간’인 동시에, 그리스도가 성 파트리키우스를 위해 드러낸 ‘가상의 공간’이다. 아울러 켈트 전통에서 천국의 상징인 하얀 평원이 지옥의 검은 평원으로 변한 것과 아일랜드의 야만성과 미흡한 기독교화가 강조되고 있는 부분은 오웨인이 악마와 대결을 벌이는 공간이 실상 아일랜드 자체를 상징하고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 헨리 2세의 신하인 제럴드 웨일스는 아일랜드와 웨일스에서 행한 자신의 정치적 여정과 관련된 저작들 사이에 『성 파트리키우스의 연옥』을 끼워 넣기까지 한다. 요컨대, 『성 파트리키우스의 연옥』의 상징체계가 드러내 보이는 특징과 그것을 둘러싸고 있는 제럴드 웨일스의 저작들은 오웨인의 저승 여행 이야기가 12세기 말과 13세기 초 잉글랜드에서 정치적인 역할을 맡고 기능하고 있었음을 알려준다. 오웨인이 연옥을 정복하듯 잉글랜드 군주와 성직자들은 아일랜드, 웨일스, 예루살렘을 정복하고 싶었던 것이다. 중세의 연옥은 처벌(두려움)과 정화(희망)가 공존하는 교훈적...
지방첨가가 녹두전분 Gel 의 Texture 에 미치는 영향 - 제1보 : 이화학적 특성 및 기계적 검사에 의한 평가 -
주나미,전희정 ( Na Mi Joo,Hui Jung Chun ) 한국식품조리과학회 1991 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.7 No.4
This study was undertaken for the purpose of studying the physicochemical propery of mungbean and texture of mungbean starch gels. Mungbean starch gel made with different levels of oil were tested to investigate the textural characteristics by mechanical test. The results are summerized as fallows; The content of moisture fat, protein, and ash in Seonwha mungbean were shown to be about 13.19%, 1.02%, 23.57%, 3.13% respectively. Those of Seonwha mungbean crude starch were 12.48%, 0.63%, 0.94%, 0.13% respectively. The gain of dry crude starch from peeled mungbean was 22.48%. Water binding capacity of Seonwha mungbean crude starch was 183.1%. The pattern of change in swelling power of Seonwha mungbean crude starch for increasing temperature increased slowly to 70℃, and then increased rapidly. The pattern of change in solubility was similar to that of swelling power. The amylose and amylopectin content were 22.5% , 77.5%, Brabender hot-paste viscosities of mungbean crude starch at 8% and 10% showed the similar amylogram patterns with peak vicosity. By the Rheometer measurement result of 8% 10% mungbean starch gel, Hardness and Fractuability tended to be decreased as the addition level of oil increased. Elasticity, Adhesiveness, Chewiness, L, a, and b value tended to be increased as the addition level of oil increased.
식품영양학 전공자를 위한 인턴십 교육 프로그램 개선방안
주나미,윤지영,김옥선,정현아,박상현,고영주,조기원 한국식생활문화학회 2005 한국식생활문화학회지 Vol.20 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of current dietetic internship program. The survey sample was dietetic practitioners who were charged with a training for dietetic students. The questionnaire requested information about demographic information, experience of guidance for the dietetic student, self evaluation as trainer, fortification items in university education, and difficulties of the internship program. Data was analyzed using SAS for windows(version 6.12), Descriptive statistics were used such as means. standard deviations. frequency distribution and percentages. Comparison of mean differences was analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Participants identified how effective the current internship program was. Result indicated that the effectiveness was not high(2.81), and under 29 years old age group, under 6 years work experience group. and contracted foodservice group had positive opinion of the program significantly. Under 29 years old age group, evaluated themselves as a good trainer. The results revealed that respondents wanted to be fortified the practical training courses in school curriculum.
Optimized Recipe for Cookies with Dried Danggue Powder Determined by Response Surface Methodology
주나미,이선미,정희선,Joo, Na-Mi,Lee, Sun-Mee,Jeong, Hee-Sun The East Asian Society of Dietary Life 2009 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.19 No.3
This study was conducted to develop a recipe for a nutritional cookie containing Danggue powder, and to achieve an optimal ingredient composition and texture that would appeal to consumers of all ages. To reduce its content, wheat flour was partially substituted with Danggue in the formulation. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the measured results and showed 16 experimental points, including 2 replicates for the Danggue powder, brown sugar, and butter ingredients. The compositional and functional properties were measured, and these values were applied to a mathematical model. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the final product. The sensory evaluation results indicated significant differences between samples for color (p<0.01), flavor (p<0.01), texture (p<0.05), and overall quality (p<0.05). As a result, the optimal ingredient levels for sensory quality were determined as 4.83 g of Danggue powder, 70.46 g of brown sugar, and 86.08 g of butter.
주나미,윤지영 대한지역사회영양학회 2005 Journal of community nutrition Vol.7 No.4
The purpose of this study is to identify the transformational or transactional leadership styles of Korean dietitians. The study was completed with Korean dietitians(n = 268, 67% response) using mail survey. The leadership styles were divided into transformational(including charisma, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration) and transactional(contin-gent reward, management by exception) leadership found in the several literature. Overall, the score of Korean dietitians transactional leadership was higher than that of the transformational leadership(p < .05). Among thre sub-dimensions of the transformational leadership styles, the score of individualized consideration was higher than charisma and intel-lectual stimulation. Betwen two sub-dimensions of the transactional leadership styles, Korean dietitians used more ma-nagement-by-exception than contingent reward. ANOVA results suggested that the transformational leadership was more likely to be used by the younger dietitians, while the transactional leadership was more likely to be used by the older dietitians(p < .05) - 6 year dietetic experience used more transformational leader-ship than other experienced dietitians(p < .05). It was also found that the Korean dietitians leadership styles were influen-ced by the type of dietic practice area. Data showed that charisma, intellectual stimulation, individualized conside-ration and contingent reward were more likely to be used by Korean dietitians from schol than by dietitians from health care and industry(p < .05). This study will be useful for dietitians to guide the application of appropriate leadership style in order to increase employees' job satisraction as well as organization performance
서양 중세 문장 상징체계의 형성과 발달 : 14세기 문장지를 중심으로
주나미 한국서양중세사학회 2020 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.- No.45
이 글의 목적은 14세기 문장지들의 구성과 특징을 분석해 서양 중세 문장 상 징체계의 형성과 발달 과정을 탐색하는 데 있다. 작자 미상의 『드 에로디』와 이 탈리아의 법학자 바르톨로 다 사소페라토의 『표장과 문장에 대하여』, 요한네스 데 바도 아우레오의 『문장에 관한 논고』는 후대의 문장학과 문장지의 발달에 큰 영향을 끼친 문헌들이다. 따라서 이 글에서는 이 세 문헌들의 구조와 특성을 비교해 살펴보면서 중세 문장의 상징체계와 규범들이 어떤 사회적 배경에서 어 떻게 형성・발달해 갔는지를 살펴본다. 1300년 무렵에 나타난 『드 에로디』는 실용적 목적에서 제작된 기존의 도록 유형 문장지의 블레이즌 형식과 용어들을 그대로 가져왔다. 그러나 서열에 따라 배열되던 문장들을 색채와 형상이라는 구성요소를 기준으로 다시 분류했다. 이 런 시도는 소박한 형태이나마 색과 무늬, 동식물과 무생물의 형상에 따라 문장 을 분류하고 용어를 규정하는 체계적인 문장지가 등장하기 시작했음을 보여준 다. 14세기 중반에 바르톨로는 문장지에 문장의 소유권에 대한 법률적인 이론 체계를 새로 추가했다. 또 색채와 형상의 사용에 관한 규칙과 그것을 뒷받침하 는 논리도 제공했다. 이러한 문장지의 변화는 문장의 구성과 사용에 관한 규범 들이 법적 효력을 지닌 사회질서로 자리를 잡으며 변화해가고 있었다는 사실을 보여준다. 14세기 후반에 요한네스는 앞의 두 전통을 수용하면서 여기에 문장 의 색채와 형상의 정치적・상징적 의미에 관한 해석들을 덧붙이려 했다. 15세 기를 앞두고 문장의 상징체계는 마침내 봉건 사회의 질서와 가치관을 구현하고, 그것을 수호하는 역할까지 맡게 된 것이다. 요컨대 14세기에 출현한 이 세 문헌들은 문장학이 그것의 세 가지 핵심 요 소, 곧 색채와 형상에 기초한 ‘분류’, 문장을 소유하고 사용하는 ‘규칙’, 문장에 담긴 ‘상징적 의미’에 관한 이론들을 잇달아 체계화해갔다는 사실을 보여준다. 곧 문장지가 문장관의 직무적 필요라는 실용적인 목적을 넘어서서 일종의 법적 권한을 획득하고, 나아가 특정한 이데올로기를 설파하고 사회질서를 유지・확산 시키기 위한 수단으로까지 쓰이게 된 것이다. This paper examines the process of formation and development of symbol system in medieval heraldry by analyzing the composition and characteristics of 14th century heraldic treatises. Anonymous’s De Heraudie and Italian jurist Bartolo da Sassoferrato’s De Insigniis et Armis and Johannes de Bado Aureo’s Tractatus de Armis are treatises that have greatly influenced the development of later heraldry and heraldic literature. Therefore, this paper compares the structure and characteristics of these three treatises. In so doing, it examines how the symbol systems and norms of medieval heraldry were formed and developed in what social background. De Heraudie , written about 1300, brought the blazon form and terminology from the existing Roll of arms that is produced for practical purposes. However, in De Heraudie , arms, arranged according to rank, were reclassified based on the components of color and shape. This attempt demonstrates that systematic heraldic treatise began to emerge, classifying arms and defining terms according to colors, patterns, and objects. In the middle of the 14th century, Bartolo added a new legal theoretical framework for the ownership of arms. He also provided rules about the use of colors and shapes and the logic behind them. These changes show that the norms, regarding the construction and use of arms, have been changing and becoming a social order with legal validity. In the late 14th century, Johannes embraced the previous two traditions and furthermore attempted to add interpretations of the political and symbolic meaning of the colors and forms of arms. Around the turn of the 15th century, the heraldic symbol system finally took on the role of embodying and defending the order and values of feudal society. In short, these three treatises that emerged in the 14th century show that heraldry systemized theories about its three key elements one after another: ‘classification’ based on color and form, ‘rules’ of owning and using, and ‘symbolic meaning’ of arms. In other words, heraldic treatise became a means to obtain a kind of legal authority beyond the practical purpose of the duties of herald, to preach certain ideologies, and to maintain and spread social order.
주나미,황세원,윤지영 동아시아식생활학회 2018 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.28 No.4
This study examined the consumers' environmental concerns regarding their green restaurant patronage intention. Questionnaires were distributed in the US and South Korea. Regarding the environmental concerns, only Korean consumers' cognitive environmental concern had a direct effect on the green restaurant patronage intention. It had a mediating effect on the route from behavioral environmental concern to green restaurant patronage intention among US consumers and from cognitive environmental concern to green restaurant patronage intention among Korean consumers. These findings suggest that it is important to encourage customers to dine green by emphasizing the importance of green consumption.