전시체제기 죠반(常磐)탄전 관련 명부자료를 통해 본 조선인 노무자의 사망실태

정혜경 한국민족운동사학회 2009 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.0 No.59

죠반(常磐)탄전이란 일본 후쿠시마(福島)현의 후타바(双葉), 이와키(石城) 탄전과 이바라키(茨城)현의 이바라키(茨城) 탄전을 총칭하는 명칭이다. 일본 본토에는 홋카이도(北海道)탄전이 가장 많은 석탄 매장량을 기록하고 있고, 이어서 규슈탄전이 뒤를 잇는다. 이에 비해 죠반탄전은 일본 3대 탄전이기는 하지만, 1930〜1945년간 생산량이나 광부 인원수에서 전국 대비 7% 정도인 소규모 탄전이었다. 이 지역에는 1939년 이후에 약 2만명이 넘는 조선인이 탄광노무자로 동원되었다. 현재 국내에 알려진 죠반탄전에 동원된 조선인 노무자 관련 명부는 7종이고, 그 가운데 4종은 사망자 명부이다. 이 글은 필자가 다른 논문을 통해 제시한 명부분석 연구방법론에 의거해 죠반탄전에 동원된 조선인 노무자의 사망 실태를 살펴보고자 하는 사례연구이다. 이를 위해 국내 소장 죠반탄전 관련 명부에 대한 기록학적 방법을 통한 미시적 분석을 실시하고, 이 가운데 「戰時下常磐炭田朝鮮人鑛夫殉職者名簿(長澤秀 정리)」를 중심으로 필자가 검증한 「常磐탄전조선인사망자명부(鄭惠瓊 정리. 305명)」를 대상으로 사망 실태를 분석했다. 이를 통해 305명의 본적지 및 사망연도별 실태, 사망원인별 실태, 입산시기별 실태, 사망 당시 연령별 실태 등을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 1944년과 1945년에 가장 많은 수의 조선인이 입산을 했고, 이 기간에 입산한 조선인의 사망률이 가장 높으며, 가장 많은 수의 조선인이 입산한 후 1년 이내에 사망했음을 알 수 있었다. 이들의 대부분이 작업과 관련하여 목숨을 잃었고, 사망원인은 작업 교육의 미비와 무리한 작업장 투입, 유년 노동력의 동원으로 판단된다. 그러나 이 글을 통해 죠반탄전에 동원되었다가 사망한 조선인들의 전반적인 사망실태를 제시할 수는 없다. 다만 명부자료에 대해 기록학적인 분석방법은 어떠한 것이며, 명부자료를 역사학적으로 분석하는 방법은 어떠한 것인가 하는 사례를 제시할 뿐이다. 죠반탄전의 사망자 명부자료를 통해 관심을 기울여야 하는 대상은 바로 명부에 나타나지 않는 빙산의 실체이다. 사망자 명부에 남아 있지 않으나 발생한 것으로 추정(이바라키현 소재 탄광의 사망자 현황이나 공습으로 인한 사망자, 1944년 10월 이후 입산자 가운데 사망자)되는 사망자의 실태이다. 기록에 남아 있지는 않지만, 결코 잊어서는 안 되는 ‘이름 없는 죠반 탄전 조선인 사망자’의 실태를 규명하는 것은 여전히 남은 우리의 과제이다. When you call Joban (常磐) coal field, it comprehensively includes the area such as Hutaba (双葉) and Iwaki(石城) field of Hukushima (福島) Prefecture, and Ibaraki (茨城) of Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan. Following two major coal fields, Hotkaido field of Hotkaido Prefecture and Kushu field, Joban coal field was the third big coal field in Japan; but it was comparatively quite smaller than two major ones in its coal reserves. It occupies only 7 percentage of the mine laborers population during 1930 to 1945 in Japan. Since 1939 more than twenty thousands of Korean people was moved to this field to provide human power. To the present there have been found seven forms of registers of the Korean workers in the Joban coal field among which four were the death rolls. This paper is a case study of the death rolls of three hundreds and five of people based on the analytical approach to the rolls with which the writer already dealt in a previous paper. As a result, the writer attained the detailed facts of the deceased; their legal domicile, the distribution of the years and ages in which they died and what caused them to die were unveiled. According to the findings, during the year 1944 to 1945 the number of Korean workers who were moved to the field was the biggest and the death rate also hit the highest record in the field. The main death causes include the early involvement in the filed work without enough training, and abuse of child labor. It is not possible for the writer to reveal the whole picture of the dead persons with analytic approach to the archives, but she still has another job to identify the dead persons who are believed to have been dead by the air attack, or other reasons in the Joban coal filed during the War.

『전후 세계사 1945-1995』 하마바야시ㆍ기무라ㆍ사사키 외, 김인덕ㆍ정혜경 옮김, 역사교양사, 1999년

정혜경 한국민족운동사학회 2000 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.24 No.-

정신박약아동의 장애요인에 관한 부모의 인식조사 : 일부 특수학교 재학 정신박약아을 대상으로 With the Mentally Retarded Children Attending the Special Schools

정혜경,김정근 한국보건통계학회 1982 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.7 No.1

In order to find out the awareness of parents on the causes of their mentally retarded children, a survey with questionnaire was carried out with 487 parents whose children are attending 7 special schools, from September 1st to 30th, 1982. The following results were obtained. Ⅰ. Of 487 children studied, male was 310 and female was 177. Ⅱ. I.Q of the children studied were classified as; custodial 4.7%, trainable 38.4%, educable 40.8% and unknown or unmeasurable 16.2% respectively. Ⅲ. Parity distribution of the 487 children studied were first 34.7%, second 25.3%, third 17.7% and over 4th 22.4% respectively. Ⅳ.Onset periods of mental retardation responded by parents studied were: hereditary 12.7%, fetal age 10.3%, at delivery 24.2%, infant age 21.4%, child age 11.0% and unknown 20.4% respectively. Ⅴ.Of 487 children studied, Down's syndrome was 12.7%. Relative risk of Down's syndrome was increased by age: 15-19 age group 0.00, 20-24 age group 0.20. 25-29 age group 0.61, 30-40 age group 0.82 and over-35 age group 2.75 respectively. Ⅵ. Of 487 parents studied, 10.3% responded that their children's mental retardation was occured in fetal age and the causes they responded were: medication 36.0%, eclamsia 28.0%, CO poisoning 8.0%, cardiac disease 8.0%, fainting 8.0%, infection 2.0%, others 10.0% respectively. Ⅶ. Of 487 parents studied, 24.2% responded that their children's mental retardation was occured at delivery. Under-weight baby was 7.0% and the baby delivered by disturbed delivery was 17.2%. Ⅷ. Of 487 parents studied, 21.4% responded that the causes of their children's mental retardation was occured in infant age and the causes they responded were: convulsion 34.6%, febrile disease 25.0%, meningitis 10.6%, measles 10.6%, jaundice 4.8%, medication 3.8%, brain under-development 3.8%, encephalitis 1.9%, Co poisoning 1.9% and others 2.9% respectively. Ⅸ. Of 487 parents studied, 11.0% responded that the causes of their children's mental retardation was occurred in child age and the causes they responded were: convaulsion 44.4%, meningitis 20.4% febrile disease 13.0%, measles 9.5%, encephalitis 7.4%, trauma or accident 3.7% and other 1.9% respectively.

Constipation Is Also an Important Cause of Fecal Incontinence in Old People: Author's Reply

정혜경 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.3

Rome III Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Is There a Need for a Better Definition?

정혜경 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.3

The Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival of Gastroparesis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1996-2006

정혜경 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.1

Population-based studies of the gastroparesis are lacking, therefore, authors aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence and outcome of gastroparesis in the community. Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), a medical records linkage system in Olmsted County, Minnesota, they identified county residents with potential gastroparesis. All county residents diagnosed with gastroparesis were identified by the diagnostic index developed by the REP or registration data to identify all residents of Olmsted County who have had their gastric emptying assessed. The complete medical records were reviewed by gastroenterologist to verify the diagnosis. Three diagnostic definitions were used: 1) definite gastroparesis: delayed gastric emptying by standard scintigraphy and symptoms of nausea and/or vomiting, postprandial fullness, early satiety, bloating, or epigastric pain for more than 3 months 2) probable gastroparesis: symptoms and food retention on endoscopy or upper GI study but no scintigraphy 3) possible gastroparesis: typical symptoms alone or delayed gastric emptying by scintigraphy without GI symptoms. Poisson regression was used to assess the association of incidence rates with age, gender, and calendar period. Among 222 eligible cases of gastroparesis, 83 patients met diagnostic criteria for definite; probable 44, and possible 95. 68 out of 83 patients with definite gastroparesis were female (82%). The mean age (SD) of definite gastroparesis was 44 (21) years. The most possible causes of definite gastroparesis were diabetes mellitus in 18 patients (21.7%), 5 connective tissue disease (6.0%), post-surgical gastroparesis in 3 patients (3.6%), malignancy in 2 patients (2.4%), psychiatric illnesses in 5 patients (6%), provocation drugs in 4 (4.8%). Idiopathic gastroparesis was 42 (50.6%). The age-adjusted (to 2000 U.S. whites) incidence per 100,000 person-years of definite gastroparesis for the years 1996-2006 was 9.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.5-12.1) for women and 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-3.8) for men. The age-adjusted prevalence of definite gastroparesis per 100,000 person was 37.8 (95% CI, 23.3-52.4) for women and 9.6 (95% CI, 1.8-17.4) for men. Poisson regression indicated significantly increasing rates with age and for females (both p< 0.001) but no effect of calendar period. The estimated 5-year survival of the cohort of definite+probable+possible gastroparesis was 67% (95% CI, 60-75%), compared with an expected 81% in the age- and gender-matched population (p< 0.01).

고고학 자료와 휴무스 자분석료를 이용한 당가 구석기 유적의 고환경 복원

정혜경,이헌종,Dergacheva M. I 한국구석기학회 2010 한국구석기학보 Vol.- No.21

Humus was analyzed using soil chemical methods, which is an organic compound contained in the soil. Humus is composed of humic acid, fulvic acid and humin while the ratio of humus is different depending on the environment of the time when the soil was formed. Humus was analyzed using the Ponomareva method, which is a modified version of the Tyurin method. The total organic carbons and the humic acid, fulvic acid and humin contained in the organic carbons in the soil were measured. The ratio of humic acid and fulvic acid (Cha:Cfa) were closely related to the climatic environment. Results of analyzing humus showed that in the case of paleosoil, humus was detected in all layers at the Dangga site. The sediments of the Dangga site is subdivided into 5layers by its pedogenic characteristics. It was found that the soil of the Dangga site was generally deposited in a stable status. Results of analyzing data of the archaeology and the humus showed that layer 1 formed during the last interglacial, layer 2, 3 formed during last glacial. As results it is suggested that Paleolithic people lived in the three different warm periods of the late Pleistocene.

자연어 인터페이스 시스템을 위한 개념 그래프 생성에 관한 연구

鄭惠京,李庸碩 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

In this paper we present a consistent semantic model between a natural language and a relational database. The objective of the model is to transform Korean inquires into semantically equivalence SQL expression. We describe the conceptual graph translator, which translates a conceptual graph - the result of semantic analysis to the korean inquires -into a database-suitable conceptual graph. We use a conceptual graph to represent our semantic model of the database. The translator generates a conceptual graph by using a synonym dictionary for queries of various patterns. Beginners are able to retrieve data without knowledge in a specific field. As a result, more practical system with unrestricted inquires can be expected.

A Study on Weight Control

정혜경 이화여자대학교 대학원 1978 硏究論叢 Vol.8 No.-

방과후학교 프로그램이 ‘기초학력미달’ 고등학교 학생의 학업성취도에 미치는 효과 연구

정혜경 한국교육개발원 2013 한국교육 Vol.40 No.3

This study examined the effectiveness of participation in afterschool programs by low-performing students in high school. Focusing on students who scored at the below-basic level on the National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA), the study compares those who participated in afterschool programs in each subject (reading, mathematics, and English) with students who did not within the same school. With a newly constructed matched data set, level two multilevel model analyses were used to assess the effectiveness of afterschool participation based on 2010 NAEA scaled scores. The analysis results showed that students who participated in subject-relevant afterschool programs outperformed the students who did not in terms of academic achievement. On average, it was revealed that students in the treatment group scored more than 10 points higher in reading and mathematics, and about 7 points higher in English compared to students in the comparison group. Random effects were statistically significant in all subjects, indicating that the effectiveness of afterschool programs varied across schools. This study provided scientific evidence that afterschool programs have a positive impact on academic achievement for low-performing students. This study suggests a further in-depth study to investigate the practices of schools that successfully developed and implemented afterschool programs particularly designed for low-performing students. 본 연구는 일반계 고등학교 재학생 중 기초학력 미달 학생들의 교과목별 방과후학교 참여가 학업성취도에 미치는 영향에 대한 효과 연구이다. 국가수준 학업성취도 평가 결과를 활용하였으며, 비실험 연구 상황에서 비교 집단과 처치 집단 간 동등성을 확보하기 위해 학교 내 학생 간 매칭을 시도하였다. 매칭된 집단만을 활용하여 2수준 다층 모형 분석을 실시하여 기초학력 미달 학생에 대한 방과후학교 참여 효과를 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 국어, 수학, 영어 과목 모두에서 방과후학교에 참여한 학생이 그렇지 않은 학생에 비해 평균적으로 높은 성취를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 국어와 수학의 경우 효과 추정치가 10점 이상이었으며, 영어의 경우 7점 정도였다. 본 연구 결과 학습기회를 높이고, 공교육의 정상화를 위해 국가차원에서 적극적으로 권장되고 있는 방과후학교 정책은 기초학력 미달 학생집단에서도 긍정적인 기능을 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 기초학력 미달 학생에 대한 방과후학교의 긍정적 효과는 교육 격차를 해소하고 교육기회의 균등화를 위한 전략으로 방과후학교의 적극적인 권장 및 활성화 정책을 뒷받침하는 근거가 된다. 끝으로 주목할 점은 방과후학교 참여에 대한 임의효과가 세 과목 모두에서 통계적으로 유의미하였으며, 이는 특정 학교에서는 방과후학교의 운영 및 결과가 좀 더 성공적이었음을 시사한다. 따라서 임의효과 분석 결과를 바탕으로 방과후학교를 성공적으로 시행 중인 우수 사례를 발굴하기 위한 후속 연구가 강조되어진다.