Aspergillus niger 에 있어서 섬유질 분해효소계의 동질효소 양상에 미치는 기질의 영향

정재훈,이영하,노재랑 한국균학회 1990 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.18 No.4

The influence of cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates on the production of cellulase and xylanase complexes in Aspergillus niger was investigated. The culture conditions with different substrates exhibited profound effects on the level of endoglucanase (CMCase), β-glucosidase, endoxylanase and β-xylosidase, and on their isozyme patterns. However, intracellular and extracellular isozyme patterns of cellulase and xylanase complexes were qualitatively identical and appeared to be simultaneous in the early growth phase. Prolonged incubation led to the increase in the concentrations of isozymes with a little changes in the relative proportions of those isozymes. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of cellulase and xylanase complexes in A. niger is coordinately regulated at the level of induction. Moreover, multiple forms of extracellular cellulase and xylanase complexes seem to be the outcome of specific gene expression and should not be considered solely as the consequence of post-secretional modification of synthesized enzymes.

Antithyroid Drug Treatment in Graves’ Disease

정재훈 대한내분비학회 2021 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.36 No.3

Graves’ disease is associated with thyrotropin (TSH) receptor stimulating antibody, for which there is no therapeutic agent. This disease is currently treated through inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis or destruction of the thyroid gland. Recurrence after antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is common. Recent studies have shown that the longer is the duration of use of ATD, the higher is theremission rate. Considering the relationship between clinical outcomes and iodine intake, recurrence of Graves’ disease is morecommon in iodine-deficient areas than in iodine-sufficient areas. Iodine restriction in an iodine-excessive area does not improve theeffectiveness of ATD or increase remission rates. Recently, Danish and Korean nationwide studies noted significantly higher prevalence of birth defects in newborns exposed to ATD during the first trimester compared to that of those who did not have such exposure. The prevalence of birth defects was lowest when propylthiouracil (PTU) was used and decreased by only 0.15% when methimazole was changed to PTU in the first trimester. Therefore, it is best not to use ATD in the first trimester or to change to PTU beforepregnancy.

두 정현파 신호로 직접변조된 반도체 레이저 신호왜곡의 섭동분석 ( Perturbation Analysis of Distortions in Directly Modulated Semiconductor Laser by Tow Sinusoidal Signals )

정재훈,신상영,이창희 한국통신학회 1994 광전자공학회 학술회의 Vol.1 No.1

Assessing the Quality of Randomized Controlled Urological Trials Conducted by Korean Medical Institutions

정재훈,이승욱 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.5

Purpose: To assess the quality of randomized controlled urological trials conducted by Korean medical institutions. Materials and Methods: Quality assessment was conducted by using the Jadad scale;in addition, the van Tulder scale and the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool were used as individual indices. All assessments were performed by two reviewers. If the outcomes differed, the two reviewers and a third reviewer adjusted the discrepancy in the results through discussion. Starting from 1986, a quality analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in 1-year and 5-year units. The quality assessment was conducted by subject, type of intervention, presence of double blinding, presence of funding, and review by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). Results: Whereas the number of RCTs published has gradually increased, there was no significant difference in the quality of the RCTs according to publication year. Drug studies, double-blind studies, studies with funding, and studies reviewed by IRBs had higher quality scores and a higher percentage of high-quality RCTs than did other studies. Thirty-six RCTs were published in journals included in the Science Citation Index and 20 RCTs were published in journals included in the Science Citation Index Expanded. The largest number of RCTs (32.32%) were published by the Korean Journal of Urology. Conclusions: A quantitative increase was observed in RCTs over time, but no qualitative improvement in the RCTs was observed. It seems necessary to put effort into the quality improvement of RCTs at the design stage.

독일의 아동수당 현황

정재훈 한국보건사회연구원 2017 국제사회보장리뷰 Vol.2 No.-

독일의 아동수당은 성별 역할 분리에 기초한 전통적인 핵가족을 전제로 출발하였다. 또한 지급 대상 자녀나 가족의 소득 수준을 선별적으로 고려하는 성격이 있었다. 그러나 시간의 흐름 속에서 아동수당은 출생 자녀 수나 소득 수준을 고려하지 않고 지급하는 보편적인 제도로 자리 잡았다. 수급권을 아동 중심으로 재정립함으로써 가족 형태의 다양성도 받아들이는 모습을 보이게 되었다. 급여 수준은 물가상승률과 인구학적 변화, 특히 저출산추세가 반영되어 꾸준히 상승하였다. 2015년 현재 아동수당이 독일 연방정부 사회 예산에서 차지하는 비중은 3~4%이다. 사용자 부담으로 출발했던 아동수당은 일찌감치 연방정부 조세로 재원 마련 방법을 바꾸었다. 독일의 아동수당은 저출산 현상을 고려하기는 하였으나 전통적으로 가족 돌봄 비용 부담을 덜어 주는 중요한 사회보장제도로서의 의미가 크다.

아동양육비 지원체계 국제비교: 독일사례를 중심으로

정재훈 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2014 젠더리뷰 Vol.33 No.-

가족을 우선하는 활성화정책(activation policy) : 독일사례를 중심으로

정재훈 한국여성정책연구원 2013 여성연구 Vol.85 No.-

본 연구는 독일 활성화정책이 갖는 가족정책적 의미를 한부모가족 노동력 활성화를 중심으로 분석함을 목적으로 한다. 돌봄비용 지원, 돌봄시간 보장, 사회적 돌봄시설 구축이라는 가족정책 영역에서 독일은 전통적으로 여성의 돌봄노동 부담을 전제로 한 가족정책을 실천해왔다. 그러나 저출산 등 인구학적 변동에 따른 가족정책 대응의 전환이 2007년을 기점으로 이루어지면서 취업활동 여성의 돌봄부담 분담과 남성의 돌봄노동 참여를 강조하는 경향이 나타나기 시작하였다. 반면 한부모가족만을 대상으로 하는 활성화정책 경향은 미국 등과는 달리 관찰하기 어렵다. 다만 취업훈련, 주거보장, 의료보장, 돌봄지원 등 보편적 사회보장제도 틀에서 활성화정책이 전개되면서 한부모도 정책 대상이 되고 있을 뿐이다. 2007년 가족정책 개혁은 비활성화되어 있는 (한)부모 활성화보다 이미 취업활동을 하고 있는 (한)부모의 지속적 활성화를 정책 목표로 도입했다는 의미를 갖는다. 하르쯔 개혁으로 대표되는 활성화정책도 가족관계와 가족돌봄을 노동력 활성화보다 우선시하는 경향을 보인다. 게다가 한부모만을 대상으로 하는 활성화정책은 존재하지 않는다. 활성화정책 목표를 공유하는 가족정책 역시 존재하지 않는다. 비활성화된 인구를 취업시장으로 유인하는 정책은 가족정책 영역에서 찾아보기 힘들다. 결국 독일 활성화정책은 취업시장으로부터 비활성화되어 있는 가족돌봄 담당자를 활성화하려는 정책 목표를 가지고 있지 않으며 오히려 가족 형태에 관계없이 가족돌봄과 가족관계 유지에 기여하는 차원에서 가족정책으로서 의미를 갖는다. The purpose on this article is to analyze the meanings of family policy the German activation policy has, focused on the labor activation of a single parent family. In the area of family policies as the support for caring expenses, guaranteeing care-work time, and establishing facilities for care as Germany has practiced the family policies on the premise the burden of women's care work traditionally. However, as it has been started that the action changes in family policy resulted from the demographic transitions such as the low fertility from 2007, the trends towards emphasis on sharing of working women's care burden and participating in men's care labour. On the other hand, different from the US, the activation policy tendency targeted only for a single parent family has been hardly discovered in Germany. Rather, a single parent family was regared just as a policy object as the activation policy was discussed in the frame of the social security system such as employment training, housing security, medical guarantee, and caring support. It is significant that the reformation of the family policy in 2007 introduced a steady activation for a working (single) parent as a policy objective. The activation policy represented Hartz reforms appears to put the stress on family relations and family caring rather than labour activation. In addition, there is no activation policy targeting for a single parent family, and family policy sharing the objectives of the activation policy, as well. After all, the activation policy in German doesn't pursue the activation policy objectives for people in charge of family caring and non-active in labour market, but it has the meaning of the family policy in terms of contributing to the family relations and family caring regardless of the type of family.

14세기 高昌 위구르 후예의 과거 기억 복원 ―《亦都護高昌王世勳碑》의 시조 신화 재검토 ―

정재훈 중앙아시아학회 2012 中央아시아硏究 Vol.17 No.2

Ïduq qut Gaochang king, one of the Qocho Uyghur descendants leaving the 《Epitaph of Ïduq qut Gaochang King》 in the 14th century, is the descendant of Bugu Jun(僕固俊) that set up the government, so-called Qocho Uyghur, in Turfan after 866. Even under the ruling of Mongolian Empire in the 14th century, he want to succeeded to Qocho Uyghur’s tradition. Bugu(僕固) tribe that he belonged to was one of the Turkish tribes that led a nomadic life in the past Mongolia. They not only grew during the ruling of Tang after the collapse of the Empire of Turks in the middle of 7th century, but were one of the powerful parties also in the period of Uyghur’s nomadic khaghanate(745~840). And they have long-lasting history setting up the government only after the mid-9th century and maintaining it for over 300 years. Ïduq qut Gaochang king remembered and wrote down this past historical experience as name of the myth of ‘Bögü qaghan’, the progenitor. This memory of his was not only related with Uyghur lived in the Mongolia that had close ties with himself among the historical issues that the past Turks made, but was associated with the effort to connect the legitimacy of Turkish nomads started from Gaocha (高車) in the 5th century with himself. Therefore, in order to systematize his own historical consciousness, Ïduq qut Gaochang king completed the myth about ‘Bögü qaghan’ mobilizing and synthesizing various motives. In that place, first, he emphasized the Tuul River of Mongolian steppe related to the mainland of Bugu tribe, and also borrowed the faith of a divine mountain(聖山) along with the joint of the two rivers(兩河). And he put emphasis on the divinity of the progenitor through the combination of divine trees(神樹) and sunlight(日光) that may have been related with the ultimate religious system of the steppe as well as the doctrine of Manichaeism. Moreover, explaining the existence of five sons from divine trees(木生五子) and his youngest sibling, Bögü qaghan, he tried to show their ties as a party in the past. This process was meant to identify the past traditions by combining the mythological motives of the steppe in northern Asia including the past Turks. And at the same time, it was also the process to justify the Bugu tribe that transmitted the legitimacy in the history. Therefore, Ïduq qut Gaochang king could make the tradition of ‘Uyghur’ of his own through the arrangement of the progenitor’s myth, and later, this created another historical substance of ‘Uyghur’.

突厥 建國 神話 記錄의 再檢討

정재훈 중앙아시아학회 2007 中央아시아硏究 Vol.12 No.-

In this article, how the currently known myth regarding the foundation of the Türk (突厥) state was written, and what are the characteristics inside the story and the composition of the text, will be examined, as these issues are important in understanding how the Türk tribes were formed and how things unfolded during the early days of their history. By conducting examination over such details, it is my intention to systematically reexamine previous studies, and provide certain premises that would be required in restructuring the myths. The myths regarding the foundation of the Türk state can be found in various texts such as Zhoushu (周書), Suishu (隋書), Beishi (北史), Tongdian (通典), Youyang zazu (酉陽雜俎). Aside from Youyang zazu in the category of (D), which features a different kind of story, story types of categories (A), (B), (C), due to circumstances of the time, appear in the format of (A)․(B) and (C)․(A-1) in Zhoushu and Suishu, and appear in the format of (a)․(c)․(b) and (c-1)․(a-1)․(b-1) in Beishi and Tongdian. This kind of difference in appearance inside texts shows us that the Chinese population's view of the Türk which started to show up in the ending days of Northern Dynasties (北朝) was being more detailed as time went on, and accordingly the persons in charge of writing historical texts were inducing more and more value-oriented views regarding the validity of the alleged facts, into the texts. Also, in terms of characteristics, we can say that stories in the (A), (B), (D) categories feature more of a storytelling attitude, while stories in the (C) category feature a rather fact-suggesting attitude. So, in restructuring the myths, we can follow the passage of time, and structure the story accordingly, in the order of (B)→(A)→(C). Yet, in order to describe the early history of the Türks, we should employ the fashion featured in (C) which is supposedly closer to the facts, and describe the moving of the Ashinashi (阿史那氏), their rehabilitation and their developments, and based upon categories (B) and (A) which are more fictitious we should start with employing the wolf (狼) motif and trace how the foundation of the Türk state was legitimatized in historical and genealogical terms.

우리는 어디로 가고 있는가? 4차 산업혁명, 도전과 우리의 응전

정재훈 한국직업자격학회 2017 한국직업자격학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.12