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Protesting Authoritarianism:Interactions between ICTs and Political Opportunity Structures
정예림 고려대학교 평화와 민주주의연구소 2019 평화연구 Vol.27 No.2
What accounts for variations in protests against authoritarian governments? This article focuses on the interactive relationship between the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the opening of political opportunity structures. This paper suggests that ICTs’ effects on protests are likely ambiguous due to the tensions that exist between the protest-facilitating and protest-hindering aspects of ICTs. As political opportunity structures become more open, however, the diffusion of ICTs is expected to have a more significant and positive impact on protests. Negative binomial regression tests based on a dataset of 103 authoritarian countries (1990–2017) show inconsistent evidence for the claim that the diffusion of ICTs in itself is a significant and positive determinant of protests. As hypothesized, ICTs are found to affect protests significantly more positively with the opening of political opportunity structures—that is, when national elections are held openly and competitively, and the state enforces less restrictions on political participation. By demonstrating how the influence of ICTs’ diffusion on protests varies according to these moderating factors, this article connects and applies the relational resources and political opportunity approaches from the social movement literature to the study of protesting authoritarianism.
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Partial Inverse Traveling Salesman Problem
정예림,박명주 한국경영과학회 2019 韓國經營科學會誌 Vol.44 No.4
This study explores the partial inverse traveling salesman problem (TSP). In partial inverse problems, the task is to modify the associated weight system as minimally as possible so that the given partial solution can become a part of an optimal one in a new instance. In partial inverse TSPs, the task is to determine a new edge weight system in which the given partial solution of TSP (the given sequence of consecutive edges) can be included in the minimum Hamiltonian cycle of a new instance. The objective can be measured by the difference between the original and new weight systems under a fixed norm. In this work, we introduce several variants of the partial inverse TSP and investigate their complexity status.
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쉴드 TBM 시공데이터와 지반침하 계측데이터 간 상관성 분석
정예림,남경민,김한얼,하상귀,윤지석,조재은,유한규 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2022 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.24 No.1
The demand for tunnel construction is increasing as part of underground space development due to urban saturation. The shield TBM method minimizes vibration and noise and minimizes ground deformation that occurs simultaneously with excavation, and shield TBM is generally applied to tunnel construction in urban areas. The importance of urban ground settlement prediction is increasing day by day, and in the case of shield TBM construction, ground deformation is minimized, but ground settlement due to tunnel excavation inevitably occurs. Therefore, in this study, the correlation between shield TBM, which is highly applicable to urban areas, and ground settlement is analyzed to suggest the shield TBM construction factors that have a major effect on ground settlement. Correlation analysis was performed between the shield TBM construction data and ground settlement measurement data collected at the actual site, and the degree of correlation was expressed as a correlation coefficient “r”. As a result, the main construction factors of shield TBM affecting ground settlement were thrust force, torque, chamber pressure, backfill pressure and muck discharge. Based on the results of this study, it is expected to contribute to the presentation of judgment criteria for major construction data so that the ground settlement can be predicted and controlled in advance when operating the shield TBM in the future. 도심지 포화 상태로 인한 지하공간 개발의 일환으로 터널 건설의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 쉴드 TBM 공법은 진동과 소음을 최소화하며 굴착과 동시에 지반 변형을 최소화하는 공법으로, 국내 도심지 터널 시공은 대체로 쉴드 TBM이 적용되고 있다. 도심지 지반침하 예측의 중요성은 나날이 증가하고 있으며 쉴드 TBM 시공의 경우 지반 변형을 최소화 하지만 터널굴착에 의한 지반침하는 필연적으로 발생한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도심지 적용성이 높은 쉴드 TBM과 지반침하와의 상관성을 분석하여 지반침하에 주요한 영향을 미치는 쉴드 TBM 시공인자를 제시하고자 한다. 실제 현장에서 수집한 쉴드 TBM 시공데이터와 지반침하 계측데이터 간 상관관계 분석을 수행하였으며, 상관성 정도를 상관계수 “r”로 표현하였다. 그 결과 지반침하에 영향을 미치는 쉴드 TBM 주요 시공인자는 추력(Thrust force), 토크(Torque), 챔버압(Chamber pressure), 뒷채움압(Backfill pressure), 배토량(Muck discharge)으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 향후 쉴드 TBM 운용 시 지반침하를 사전에 예측 및 제어 할 수 있도록 주요 시공데이터에 대한 판단 기준 제시에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
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정예림,강정은 한국환경정책학회 2019 環境政策 Vol.27 No.4
This study investigates climate change policy demands by analyzing how people perceive and react to climate change through social media data and big data analyses. The emotions, policy demands, and topics were analyzed through paragraph embedding and topic modeling for all posts (33,185) that contain a term, “climate change”on Twitter and Naver blogs for 12 months from June 2017 to May 2018. The analysis results show that people expressed negative emotions to climate change in general, and responded instantly to extreme weather events such as heat wave and cold wave in summer and winter, and to fine dusts in spring and autumn. The keyword and topic analysis results were summarized into 53 major results, which were then reorganized into 33 policy demands. Citizens were demanding legal and institutional foundations to show the nation's strong commitment to climate change issues. Along with the implementation of existing major policies in each sector, there were high policy demands for renewable energy, disaster insurance, disaster resilience enhancement measures, consideration of vulnerable groups, the construction of safe urban spaces, international cooperation, education and publicity. 본 연구는 소셜 빅데이터를 활용하여 국민들이 기후변화에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 반응하는지를 분석하여기후변화 정책 수요를 파악하고자 한다. 본 연구는 2017년 6월에서 2018년 5월(12개월) 동안 트위터와 네이버 블로그의 ‘기후변화’를 포함한 모든 게시글 (33,185건)을 대상으로 패러그래프 임베딩(Paragraph embedding), 토픽 모델링(Topic modeling)을 통한 정서 및 정책 수요분석, 주제 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 시민들은 기후변화에 대해 걱정과 근심을 포함한 부정적인 감정을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 여름·겨울철에는 폭염, 한파 등의 이상기후에, 봄·가을에는 미세먼지에 대해 즉각적으로 반응하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 키워드 분석과 주제 분석 결과를 종합해 53개의 주요 결과로 정리하고 이를 33개의 정책수요로 재정리하였다. 시민들은 정부가 기후변화에 대한 강력한 의지를 표명할 수 있는 법, 제도적 기반을 요구하고 있었으며, 부문별로 기존의 주요 정책에 대한 시행과 함께 재생에너지, 기후변화를 고려한 농업기술, 재해보험, 재해 회복력 제고 방안, 취약계층 고려 정책, 안전 도시공간 구축, 국제협력, 교육홍보에 대한 정책적 수요가 높게 나타났다.
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