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Holding and Its Clinical Vignettes
장홍석 한국정신분석학회 2022 精神分析 (Psychoanalysis) Vol.33 No.2
Contrary to Freud, who understood childhood state of mind through observation and understanding of adult patients, Winnicott, as a pediatrician, directly observed numerous children, mothers, and their interactions in his practice and postulated his theory of childhood state of mind as either healthy or pathologic. Among his contributions to psychoanalysis, ‘holding’ and ‘good enough mother’ are concepts of interest in this paper. Winnicott, as well as other theorists after S. Freud has been known for paving the way into understanding and treating so-called ‘sicker’ patients such as borderline patients. In this paper, I illustrate and discuss a couple of clinical vignettes to understand and help the patient in an emotionally overwhelmed state. Particularly I highlight the differentiation of the real and fantasy and/or mentalization of the patient through the proper clinical application of the ‘holding’.
장홍석,Seonghwan Jeon,소형석,소승영 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
In the high-tech industry in Korea, the use of thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) glass products has increased significantly in recent years and large amounts of TFT-LCD waste glass are produced during the manufacturing process. The use of recycled waste glass in Portland cement and concrete has attracted a lot of interest worldwide due to environmental concerns, and the increased cost of disposing of used glass. This research studied the effect of different particle size of grinding TFT-LCD waste glass proportions on binder in cement mortar. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal replacement content and particle type to ensure that the quality of concrete products is maintained. The results indicate that the use of TFT-LCD waste glass powder as an admixture for cement mortar was efficient in reducing alkali–silica reaction (ASR) expansion and increasing workability. The compressive strength of mortars with TFT-LCD waste glass was also improved compared with that of normal mortar, due to the increased amount of calcium silicate hydrates created by pozzolanic reaction. But it was apparent that the properties of workability, compressive strength and ASR were different significantly with particle size of TFT-LCD waste glass powder.
장홍석,강혜선,소승영 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.4
Colored concrete is an attractive alternative to traditional concrete which has poor esthetic properties, in the view point ofarchitectural designs. White Portland Cement (WPC) and inorganic pigment have been used in colored concrete, but there are somephysical problems such as increases in efflorescence, and poor workability and low economics. In this study, color expressioncharacteristics and physical properties of colored mortar using Granulate Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) were investigated andcompared with general WPC colored mortar. The results show that the addition ratio of GGBFS influences significantly the colorvalue efficiency in color ed mortar. The overall amount of Ca(OH)2 in the colored mortar using GGBFS was smaller than that ofWPC colored mortar, and it was contributed to decreases efflorescence and gave more visible color to mortar. The flow of coloredmortar was decreased with mixing inorganic pigments, but increased in proportion to the addition rate of the GGBFS. In addition thestrength of colored mortars with GGBFS at the long-term aged (after 28days) was higher than that of the general WPC coloredmortar, although its strength was developed slowly at the early ages.
장홍석,김종일 한국회계학회 2019 회계저널 Vol.28 No.1
This study is to examine the effects of the business law auditor’s characteristics on earnings management in companies that do not have an audit committee. The characteristics of the business law auditor are divided into whether it is a full-time auditor (activity) and whether it is an accounting expert (expertise). Earnings management was analyzed by measuring discretionary accruals. To this end, we checked the data of 2,777 company-year securities market and KOSDAQ listed companies with total assets of less than 100 billion in the previous year from 2011 to 2016. The results showed that the firms with high activity of the business law auditor and the firms with low activity did not differ significantly in discretionary accruals . In addition, in terms of expertise measured by whether it is an accounting expert, it was found that there was no significant difference in the discretionary accruals. However, it was confirmed that discretionary accruals are reduced when the business law auditor is full - time and accounting specialist. This is the result of a study that can find a contribution point in that the regulatory body can present the direction that can be applied politically in determining the requirements of the business law auditors in Korea. However, utilizing the business report data of the securities market with and KOSDAQ listed companies less than 100 billion assets, the fact that there were specimens that did not find data on business law auditors through business reports and the fact that the expertise of the business law auditors is limited to the contents described in the business report are the limitations of this study. 본 연구는 감사위원회를 설치하지 않은 기업의 상법상 감사 특성이 이익조정에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 상법상 감사의 특성은 상근감사여부(활동성)와 회계전문가여부(전문성)로 나누어 측정하였으며, 이익조정은 재량적 발생액으로 측정하여 분석하였다. 연구를 위해 2011년부터 2016년도까지 직전년도 자산총액 1천억 미만의 2,777 기업-연도 유가증권시장 및 코스닥시장 상장기업의 자료를 확인하였다. 본 연구의 실증결과, 상근으로 측정한 상법상 감사의 활동성이 높은 기업과 그렇지 않은기업은 재량적 발생액에 유의적 차이를 가져오지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 회계전문가 여부로 측정한 전문성 측면에서도 상법상 감사의 회계전문가 여부가 재량적 발생액에유의적 차이를 가져오지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 상법상 감사가 상근이면서 회계전문가일 경우에는 재량적 발생액을 줄이는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 감사위원회와 상법상 감사를 이원적으로 적용하고 있는 우리나라에서 상법상 감사의 요건을 결정하는데 규제기관의 정책방향을 제시할 수 있다는 점에서공헌점을 찾을 수 있으나, 자산규모 1천억 미만의 유가증권시장 및 코스닥상장법인의 사업보고서 자료를 활용하여, 사업보고서를 통해 상법상 감사에 대한 자료를 찾지 못한 표본 등이 있었던 점 및 상법상 감사의 전문성을 사업보고서에 기재된 내용으로만 한정하여 확인한 점 등이 한계점이라고 할 수 있다.