한지형 잔디 품종에 대한 품질 평가

장태현,이용세,정병룡,Chang, Tae-Hyun,Lee, Yong-Se,Jeong, Byeong-Ryong 한국잔디학회 2009 한국잔디학회지 Vol.23 No.2

We investigated the quality of 48 cultivar in 5 types, most popularly used in Korea golf courses. Only brown patch disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1 was occurred naturally. While disease was developed seriously into tall fescue cultivar in spring time and into bentgrass cultivar in fall time, respectively, however, among species were not significantly different. Tall fescue and perennial ryegrass cultivar had higher chlorophyll contents in November and there were also significantly different between cultivar of tall fescue, kentucky bluegrass and fine fescue species. Turfgrass color also showed significant difference between grass species. Perennial ryegrass has the highest value of turf leaf color, followed by kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue species. Significant differences among cultivar were found in kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue and fine fescue. Although fresh weight of turfgrass was not statistically different between grass species, root length was significantly different between species. Tall fescue species had the longest root length. Fresh weight showed differences among cultivar in kentucky bluegrass, bentgrass and tall fescue species. Based on our results, growth and grass quality showed large differences among cultivar and each turfgrass species. 우리나라 골프장에 조성된 한지형 잔디 5종류 48품종에 대하여 품질을 평가하였다. 자연적으로 발생한 병은 브라운팻취병 뿐이었다. Fine fescue 품종은 봄철에 브라운팻취병이 발생하여 피해가 가장 큰 반면, bentgrass 종은 가을철 발병이 심하였으나, 품종 간에 대한 유의성의 차이는 없었다. 11월에 엽록소 함량이 가장 높은 종은 tall fescue와 perennial ryegrass 이었으며, 품종 간에 유의성의 차이를 보인 종은 tall fescue, kentucky bluegrass 및 fine fescue 이었다. 잔디색도에서도 역시 종간에 유의성이 있는 차이를 보였다. perennial ryegrass 종이 잔디색도에서 가장 높았으며, kentucky bluegrass 종과 tall fescue 종이 그 다음으로 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 잔디색도에 대한 품종 간에 높은 유의성의 차이를 보이는 종은 kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue 및 fine fescue이었다. 생체중은 잔디 종류 간에 유의성 차이는 없었지만, 뿌리 길이에서는 종간에 유의성 차이를 볼 수 있었다. 뿌리길이는 tall fescue 종이 가장 길었다. 생체중에 대한 품종간에 유의성의 차이를 보인 종은 kentucky bluegrass, bentgrass 및 tall fescue 이었다. 본 시험의 1년 결과로 볼 때 잔디의 생육과 품질은 각 종과 품종 간에 큰 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

한지형 잔디의 종과 품종 간에 봄철 Greenup

장태현,박세영,강재영,이용세,Chang, Tae-Hyun,Park, Se-Young,Kang, Jae-Young,Lee, Yong-Se 한국잔디학회 2010 한국잔디학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Five turfgrass species and 46 cultivars were investigated for difference of spring greenup and living ground cover. Turf color and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for greenup were investigated between species and cultivars. Turf color and NDVI were showed significantly different among species and cultivars. Turf color was showed significantly different among 20 cultivars of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). NDVI was significantly difference among 20 cultivars of kentucky bluegrass and 6 cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb). The percentage living ground cover was showed significantly different among creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds) cultivars and fineleaf fescue cultivars in spring. 한지형 잔디 5종류의 45품종에 대하여 봄철 greenup 과 회복율을 평가하였다. Greenup 평가를 위하여 잔디 색과 생장지수(NDVI)을 조사하였다. 잔디 색과 생장지수는 잔디의 종류와 품종 간에 통계적인 유의성의 차이를 보였다. 잔디 색은 Kentucky bluegrass 20 품종에서만 유의성의 차이를 보였으며, 잔디생장지수에서는 Kentucky bluegrass 20품종 과 Tall fescue 6 품종에서 유의성의 차이를 보였다. 봄철 잔디가 살아서 지면을 덮는 회복율은 Creeping bentrgass와 fineleaf fescue 품종 간에 유의성의 차이가 있었다.

한지형 잔디의 설부소립균핵병 방제를 위한 살균제 평가

장태현,이승준,Chang, Tae-Hyun,Lee, Seung-Jun 한국잔디학회 2012 한국잔디학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Typhula incarnata에 의한 설부병 방제를 위한 살균제의 효과를 골프코스에서 평가하였다. 살균제의 살포효과, 살균제의 혼용효과, 살균제의 살포방법에 의한 효과 및 살포시기에 의한 설부병의 방제효과에 미치는 영향을 용평 골프장에서 평가하였다. 무처리구는 3종의 살균제처리구보다 병 피해가 더욱 심각하였다. 3종의 살균제(Azoxystrobin, propiconazole, tebuconazole)는 Kentucky bluegrass 종과 creeping bentrasss 종의 잔디에서 80% 이상의 설부병을 방제하는 효과가 있었다. 2종 이상의 혼용살포에 의한 설부병의 방제효과는 Kentucky bluegrass 종에서 93% 이상 방제효과가 있었다. Azoxystrobin 살균제를 관주와 경엽살포에 대한 설부병 방제 효과는 2종의 잔디에서 모두 유의성의 차이가 없었다. 살균제 살포시기에 따른 설부병 방제 효과는 tebuconazole 살포구에서 유의성 있었다. 이른 가을에 살포하는 것이 더 효과적이었다. Commercial formulation of fungicides was studied in the golf course for evaluation against Typhula incarnata causal agents of gray snow mold. Efficacies of fungicides application, fungicide mixture, fungicides applied method (irrigation and spray) and fungicides applied time (early fall and late fall) were evaluated for their influence on the chemical control of gray snow mold of turfgrass during the winter season in Yongpyeong golf course, Korea. Unsprayed control has significantly more disease severity than three fungicides (azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and tebuconazole) were applied to field plots. Effect of three fungicides was over 80% with control value for controlling gray snow mold on Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass species. Effect of fungicide mixture with different family groups had an over 93% control value of gray snow mold on Kentucky bluegrass species. It was not significantly difference in fungicidal effect according to applied method (irrigation and spray) with azoxystrobin on Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentrasss species. Effect of fungicides applied time was a significantly difference on disease control by tebconazole early fall spray.

암모니움 , 아초산반과 칼슘 화합물이 고추 역병균 ( Phytophthora capsici ) 의 발아와 균사생장에 미치는 효과

장태현,정봉구 ( Tae Hyun Chang,Bong Koo Chung ) 한국균학회 1988 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

PIV기법을 이용한 원헝단면을 갖는 90$^{\circ}$ 곡관내의 선회유동의 난류특성에 관한 실험적 연구

장태현,이해수,Chang Tae-Hyun,Lee Hae Soo 한국가시화정보학회 2003 한국가시화정보학회지 Vol.1 No.2

An experimental investigation was performed to study the turbulent characteristics of swirling flow a 90$^{\circ}C$ circular tube for Re = 10,000, 15,000 and 20,000. 2D-PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)technique was employed to measure the fluctuation velocity field. The results include spatial distributions of mean velocity vectors, turbulence intensity and turbulence kinetic energy. The axial and radial turbulence intensities, and kinetic energy profiles show double-peak structures in the inlet region of the 90 degree bend and the profiles are disappeared along the test tube with decaying the swirl intensity.

Evaluation of Fungicides, Nozzle Type, and Spray Volume on Control of Typhula Blight on Cool Season Turfgrass

장태현,장석원,정근화,Chang, Tae-Hyun,Chang, Seog-Won,Jung, Geun-Hwa Turfgrass Society of Korea 2011 한국잔디학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Commercial formulation of fungicides was studied in vitro for sensitivity against Typhula species causal agents of Typhula blight. Efficacies of fungicides application, spray volume, nozzle types and fungicides applied time (early fall and late fall) were evaluated for their influence on the chemical control of Typhula blight of turfgrass during the winter season in Wisconsin. All fungicides effectively reduced the mycelial growth of eight isolates of Typhula spp. in vitro on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. For inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of eight isolates, propiconazole was the most effective at $1.0{\mu}g$ active ingredient (a.i) / ml of PDA. Typhula incarnata two isolates were significantly more sensitive to all fungicides of PDA than six isolates of three varieties of T. ishikariensis. For 2 years in field experiment, unsprayed control has significantly more disease severity than seven fungicides were applied to field plots at two locations. Propiconazole was the most effective for controlling Typhula blight, at two locations in both years. The level of disease control was not dependent on fungicides spray volume or nozzle types at two locations. The disease damage treated with triadimefon applied time (early fall and late fall) was not significantly different at two location for two years. 설부병에 원인이되는 Typhula species 대하여 살균제의 감수성을 실내에서 연구하였다. 살균제, 노즐타입 및 살포약량에 대한 효과와 살균제의 살포시기(이른가을과 늦가을)에 대한효과 위스콘신에서 겨울동안 설부병에 대한 약제의 방제 효과에 대한 영향을 평가하였다. 모든 살균제는 Typhula spp.의 8균주에 대하여 실내 PDA 배지 상에서 균사생장을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 8균주에 대한 균사생장 저지효과는 propiconazole $1.0{\mu}g$ (a.i) / ml에서 가장 효과적이었다. Typhula incarnata 2균주는 T. ishikariensis 6균주(3품종)보다 모든 살균제에서 더 감수성을 보였다. 2년 동안 포장시험에서 7개 농약을 2지역에서 살포하였으나, 무처리구에서만 병 발생이 심각하였다. Propiconazole이 설부병 방제에 2년 동안 2곳에서 가장 효과적이었다. 약제 살포용 노즐타입이나 살포약량은 두 곳 시험에서 모두 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다. 살제 살포시기도 설부병 방제에 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다.

키토산 제형과 해조추출물의 엽면살포가 가을철 Kentucky Bluegrass와 Creeping Bentgrass의 생육 반응

장태현,윤정호,Chang, Tae-Hyun,Yoon, Jeong-Ho 한국잔디학회 2011 한국잔디학회지 Vol.25 No.2

해조추출물과 2종의 키토산 제형을 뗏장잔디 생산농장에서 가을철에 creeping bentrgass (Agrostis palustris Huds) Penn-A1 품종과 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) 혼용품종(Midnight 33%, Moonlight 33%, Prosperity 33%)에 살포하였다. 잔디 질에 미치는 잔디 잎색, 엽록소함량 및 NDVI을 조사하였다. 키토산과 해조추출물 처리는 엽록소 함량과 잔디생장에서 유의성 있게 증가하였다. Kentucky bluegrass 종의 혼용품종과 creeping bentrgass 종의 Penn-A1 품종의 잔디에 엽록소 함량과 잔디생장이 키토산 제형 과 해조추출물의 엽면시비에 의해 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 잔디의 잎색은 유의성이 없었다. 이들 결과는 키토산 제형과 해조추출물이 가을철 골프장에 잔디관리에 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다. The seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extracts and chitosan formulations were sprayed on species of creeping bentrgass (Agrostis palustris Huds) cultivar "Penn A1" and species of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) mixed cultivars (Midnight 33%, Moonlight 33%, Prosperity 33%) during fall season in sod farm. Turf color, chlorophyll contents and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to affect turf qualities were investigated. There were detected significantly difference on chlorophyll contents and DNVI with seaweed extracts and chitosan formulations treatments. The contents of chlorophyll and NDVI on species of Kentucky bluegrass mixed cultivars and species of creeping bentgrass cultivar "Penn A1" were significantly increased by foliar spray with chitosan formulations and seaweed extracts. There was not a significantly difference on leaf color in two species within cultivars. These results suggested that chitosan formulations and seaweed extracts may help for turfgrass managements in the golf course during fall season.

Difference of Susceptibility on Bentgrass Cultivars to Pink Snow Mold Caused by Microdochium nivale

장태현,Chang, Tae-Hyun Turfgrass Society of Korea 2011 한국잔디학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The susceptibility of cultivars of three bentgrass species (creeping, colonial, and velvet bentgrass) was evaluated on detached leaves assays with pink snow mold 9 isolates caused by Microdochum nivale in Petri dishes and whole plants under controlled conditions. The pink snow mold isolates obtained from infected turfgrasses on golf courses in Wisconsin were tested on response of fungicides and temperature. Detached leaf assay and susceptibility of bentgrass cultivars were evaluated with potted adult seeding during 80 days. Nine isolates were susceptible to two fungicides and were significantly different among isolates. Mycelial growth was varied in response of temperatures among isolates. There were significant differences in development and colonization of the fungus on detached leaf assay among bentgrass species include culvitars. There were significant differences on whole plants in disease severities among the three bentgrass species, particularly between tetraploids (creeping and colonial) and diploid (velvet) species, and among cultivars within each species, indicating that there are varying levels of susceptibility in species and cultivars to M. nivale. This study could be applied to evaluate the susceptibility of bentgrass to pink snow mold and also to predict a prospective evaluation of bentgrass cultivars to pink snow mold in fields in a breeding program. 벤트그라스 3종류의 품종에 대한 감수성을 잎 조각 검정와 전체식물에 대하여 9개의 Microdochum nivale 균주를 이용하여 온도가 조절된 공간에서 평가 하였다. 위스콘신 골프장에서 감염된 병반에서 얻은 자주색 설부병 균주에 대하여 온도와 살균제에 대한 반응시험을 하였다. 잎 조각 검정과와 전체식물을 이용한 시험은 80일된 잔디로 평가하였다. 9균주는 2종류의 살균제에 감수성이 었으며, 온도에 대하여 균주간에 차이를 보였다. 잎조각을 이용한 검정에서도 벤트그라스 품종과 종간에도 뚜렸한 차이를 보였다. 전체식물을 이용한 시험에서도 품종과 종간에 병 심각성에 차이를 보였는데, 특별히 4배수체인 크리핑과 콜로니얼 벤트그라스와 2배체인 벨벧벤트그라스 종과 품종간에 M. nivale 균주에 대한 감수성 차이를 보였다. 이 연구는 자주색 설부병에 대한 벤트그라스 평가에 응용될 수 있고, 육종을 하는데도 품종간에 전망적인 예측 평가을 하는데 필요한 자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.

Soil Mineral Nutrients and Microbes Are Responsible for Large Patch Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 in Zoysiagrass Turf

장태현,류연주,이용세,Chang, Tae-Hyun,Ru, Yeon-Ju,Lee, Yong-Se Turfgrass Society of Korea 2007 한국잔디학회지 Vol.21 No.2

골프장의 한국 잔디에서 Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2에 의해 발생되는 large patch의 근권토양과 건전 잔디의 근귄 토양 샘플을 hole cutter (diameter $10\;cm\;{\times}\;8\;cm$ deep)을 이용하여 샘플을 채취하여 무기성분과 미생물을 조사하였다. Large patch와 건전 잔디의 분산분석 결과 $NO_3$-N(P=0.05), NH4-N(P=0.1) 및 K(P=0.1) 함량에서 중요한 유의차이를 보였다. Large patch가 발생한 토양에 $NO_3$-N 함량은 9.49 mg/kg로 건전한 잔디의 토양 7.02 mg/kg 보다 높았다. 반면, $NH_4$-N의 함량은 large patch 발생한 토양이 12.02 mg/kg으로 건전한 잔디의 근권 토양 14.40 mg/kg 보다 높았다. K 함량은 large patch 토양이 건전한 잔디의 토양보다 낮았다. 근권 토양의 미생물 집락 수를 조사하여 분산 분석한 결과 Pseudomonas spp 집락 수에서 중요한 유의차이(P=0.05)를 보였다. Large patch가 발생한 토양에 미생물의 집락 수가 건전한 잔디의 토양에 비하여 낮았다. 이들 결과는 근권 토양에 과다한 $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N 및 K 함량과 토양미생물의 밀도는 large patch 발병과 관련 이 있을 수 있다고 사료된다. Mineral nutrients and population dynamics of soil microbes in the root zones of zoysiagrass infected by Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2 and that of healthy plants were sampled from ten golf courses using a cup cutter(diameter $10\;cm\;{\times}\;8\;cm$ deep). Analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed significant differences in content of $NO_3$-N(P = 0.05), $NH_4$-N(P = 0.1), and K(P = 0.1) between infected and healthy samples. The content of $NO_3$-N in the soils of large patch was 9.49 mg/kg and that in soil of healthγ plants was 7.02 mg/kg. However, the content of $NH_4$-N in the soil of large patch was 12.02 mg/kg whereas 14.40 mg/kg for the soil under the healthy plants. The content of K in the soil of large patch was lower than that of soil of healthy plants. There was few numbers of Pseudomonas colonies In the soils of large patch compared to that of healthy plants. These results indicated that the content of $NO_3$-N, NH4-N, and K and the microbial population dynamics in root zones correlated to occurrence of large patch.

수평 원통 관에서 선회를 동반한 유동각에 대한 실험적 연구

장태현,Chang, Tae-Hyun 한국기계가공학회 2003 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.2 No.4

Flow angle with Swirl in a horizontal circular tube and a cylindrical annuli were experimentally studied for its visualization. This present investigation deals with flow angle, flow visualization studies and vortex core by using oil smoke and a hot wire anemometer for Re = 40,000 and 50000 at X/D = 41, 59 and 71 in a horizontal circular tube. In the swirl air flow, a vortex core was formed at high swirl intensity along the test tube. The flow angle and the vortex core depended on the swirl intensity along the test tube. The results of flow angles with swirl measured by flow visualization and hot wire reasonably agree with those of Sparrow One of the primary objectives of this research was to measure the flow angle with swirl in a cylindrical annuli along the test tube for different Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds number for these measurements ranged from 60,000 to 100,000 with L/D = a to 4.