레트장애아동의 실태와 부/모의 스트레스 및 역할만족도

임현주,이승희 한국자폐학회 2011 자폐성 장애연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구는 국내 레트장애아동의 양육, 교육, 및 치료와 관련된 실태와 부/모간 인식차이, 레트장애아동 부/모의 스트레스 정도와 부/모간 차이, 레트장애아동 부/모의 역할만족도 정도와 부/모간 차이를 살펴보기 위해 실시된 조사연구이다. 본 연구의 대상은 한국레트증후군협회(KRSA)에 등록된 가족의 부/모들이었으며 최종 연구대상은 레트장애아동(n=43)의 부모 86명(부 43명, 모 43명)이었다. 설문지를 통해 수집된 자료를 기술통계와 t검증을 사용하여 분석한 결과는 연구문제별로 다음과 같다. 첫째, 레트장애아동의 양육, 교육, 의료, 관련치료에 대한 36개 문항 중 대부분(31개 문항)에서 부/모간에 유사한 응답을 보였다. 둘째, 레트장애아동 부/모의 스트레스는 일반아동 또는 다른 장애를 가진 아동들의 부모보다 다소 높은 정도로 나타났으며 총스트레스와 4개의 스트레스 하위영역중 모의 스트레스가 부의 스트레스보다 높은 1개의 하위영역(일상생활관련 스트레스)을 제외한 총스트레스 및 3개의 스트레스 하위영역에서 부/모간 스트레스 차이는 없었다. 셋째, 레트장애아동 부/모의 역할만족도는 일반아동 부모들보다는 낮지만 다른 장애를 가진 아동들의 부모들에 비해 더 낮지는 않은 정도로 나타났으며 부/모간 역할만족도 차이는 없었다. 이와 같은 결과는 선행연구와 연관하여 논의되었으며 향후 관련 연구 및 과제를 위한 몇 가지 제언이 제시되었다. This study aimed to examine the parents' perception on the status of children with Rett's disorder, the stress of their parents, and the role satisfaction of their parents. To do this, 86 parents(43 fathers and 43 mothers) of 43 children with Rett's syndrome were asked to complete a questionnaire, who were registered in Korea Rett Syndrome Association(KRSA). The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics/t-test and the results were as follows: a) In respect to the status of children with Rett's disorder, parents' responses were similar in 31 questions out of 36 questions about rearing, education, medical treatment, or related treatment. b) The degree of parent's stress was a little higher than it of parents of normal children or children with other disabilities. And there was no difference between fathers and mothers in total stress and subtypes of stress except 1 subtype(daily-life related stress) in which mother's stress was higher than father's. c) The degree of parent's role satisfaction was lower than it of parents of normal children but not lower than it of parents of children with other disabilities. And there was no difference in role satisfaction between fathers and mothers. The results were discussed in relation with previous research and several suggestion were presented for future related research and tasks.

위암세포의 CD_44V_6의 표현

임현주,이승철,박희경,채종민,곽정식,손태중 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1995 慶北醫大誌 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : CD_44는 세포막에 있는 당단백으로서 세포와 세포, 그리고 세포와 세포외 기질과의 상호작용에 관여하여 각종 암종의 종양 세포에서 접착력의 상실과 새로운 접착력의 획득 등에 밀접한 관계가 있을 것으로 추측된다. 이에 CD_44V_6의 마우스 단클론성 항체를 이용하여 침윤성 위암에서 종양 세포에서의 발현 정도를 알아보아 암조직의 침윤성과 전이성과의 연관성을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 1월부터 1994년 8월까지 경북대학교 병원에서 수술후 조직 생검으로 진단된 침윤성 위암중 60례를 선정하여CD_44V_6의 마우스 단클론성 항체를 이용하여 침윤성 위암의 종양 세포에서의 발현 정도를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 침윤성 위암에서 조직학적 등급이 높을 수록 CD_44V_6의 발현 빈도는 증가하였으나 크게 유의성은 없었다. 오히려 종양의 점막하층으로의 침윤, 개개의 종양 세포의 간질 조직내로의 침입에 따라 염색성과 양성 반응을 보이는 종양 세포의 분포는 증가하며, 근육층 및 장간막층으로의 침윤된 종양 세포에서 CD_44V_6의 염색이 매우 강하였으며 양성 반응을 보이는 세포의 비율도 훨씬 높았다. 그리고 림프관 침윤, 신경 조직에의 침윤, 림프 조직으로의 침윤된 종양 세포에서 매우 강한 발현이 인정되었다. 결론 : 이에 CD_44V_6일 발현은 악성 종양의 조직학적 등급보다는 종양 세포가 기저막을 통과하여 결합 조직내로 침입하는데에 보다 밀접한 관련이 있을 것으로 추측되며 따라서 위장 암종에서 종양의 침윤성을 나타내는 지표로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The CD_44 cell surface glycoprotein participates in a wide variety of cell-cell interactions including lymphocyte homing and tumor metastasis. Immunohistochemical screening of infiltrative gastric adenocarcinoma from 60 different patients revealed CD_44V_6 expression in all specimens tested. CD_44V_6 immunoreactivities was detected as lineal pattern in the margin of the cancer cells. The normal gastric epithelium did not react with CD_44V_6 except for the regions of intestinal metaplasia. Fifty-two of the 60 infiltrative adenocarcinomas were strongly positive for epitopes encoded by variant exon v6. Expression of CD_44V_6 was more prevalent and intense in poorly differentiated tumor and the advanced stages of tumor development. Areas of lymphatic tumor invasion, perineural invasion and invasion of lymphoid tissue were also strongly reacted. These result suggest that CD_44V_6 may have an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Information on CD_44V_6 expression may be clinically useful as an indicator of cancer invasion and metastasis.

신바람 나는 십대-증거를 행실로써 보여야

임현주 우리신학연구소 1998 갈라진 시대의 기쁜소식 Vol.- No.365

토막이야기 1-가장 먼저 나서서 해야 할 일

임현주 우리신학연구소 1998 갈라진 시대의 기쁜소식 Vol.- No.349

포토프린을 이용한 광역학 치료와 시스플라틴 혹은 카보플라틴을 이용한 병용치료

임현주,오충훈 대한구강악안면병리학회 2011 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is recently developed as an effective treatment for malignant disease. Carboplatin, a less nephrotoxic analog of cisplatin, has been widely used for the treatment of multiple malignancies. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of combined modality of photofrin mediated PDT with cisplatin and carboplatin on KB cell human oral cancer cell line in vitro. The attached KB cells were incubated with cisplatin(0.04mg/ml) and carboplatin(0.02mg/ml) for 24h at 37℃ and followed by photosensitization with photofrin for 6h and laser irradiation with 630nm LED at an intensity of 2.0 J/cm2 for activating photofrin for 15min. Then MTT assay and SYTO 16 green & Propidium iodide (PI) double staining were used respectively to measure the cytotoxicity and nuclear morphology at 24h after PDT. This study demonstrates that the combined modality with carbopaltin resulted in enhanced apoptotic cell death as well as cytotoxic effect on KB cells in vitro, which suggests the feasibility of combined modality and the possibility of reducing the effective dosage of photofrin and carboplatin and lowering the side effects on normal cells. Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is recently developed as an effective treatment for malignant disease. Carboplatin, a less nephrotoxic analog of cisplatin, has been widely used for the treatment of multiple malignancies. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of combined modality of photofrin mediated PDT with cisplatin and carboplatin on KB cell human oral cancer cell line in vitro. The attached KB cells were incubated with cisplatin(0.04mg/ml) and carboplatin(0.02mg/ml) for 24h at 37℃ and followed by photosensitization with photofrin for 6h and laser irradiation with 630nm LED at an intensity of 2.0 J/cm2 for activating photofrin for 15min. Then MTT assay and SYTO 16 green & Propidium iodide (PI) double staining were used respectively to measure the cytotoxicity and nuclear morphology at 24h after PDT. This study demonstrates that the combined modality with carbopaltin resulted in enhanced apoptotic cell death as well as cytotoxic effect on KB cells in vitro, which suggests the feasibility of combined modality and the possibility of reducing the effective dosage of photofrin and carboplatin and lowering the side effects on normal cells.

Physical Properties of Estrus Mucus in

임현주,손준규,윤호백,백광수,김태일,정연섭,권응기 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The study aimed to determine the physical characteristics of estrus mucus and conception rates in dairy cattle. Samples of estrus mucus from the cervix were collected from 108 dairy cattle during heat and were examined forcolor and consistency. Samples were taken from bred animals at starting from day of breeding to the completion ofone estrus cycle. The color of the cervical mucus was studied based on its transparency while the consistency wasbased on the thinness and thickness of the cervical mucus. The dairy cattle were bred and the pregnancy diagnosiswas performed at the 60th day post breeding. Findings showed that the estrus mucus of the dairy cattle was transparentin 58.3%, turbid in 31.5% and dirty in 10.2%. It was further observed that the mucus consistency of the dairy cattlewas thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9%. In the pregnant group, 67.3% mucus samples were found transparent, turbidin 23.6% and dirty in 9.1%. However, the corresponding figures for the non-pregnant group had 49.1%, 39.6% and11.3%. The consistency of cervical mucus was found to be thin in 74.1% and thick in 25.9% of dairy cattle. Theconception rates of dairy cattle with thin and thick consistency of cervical mucus were 81.8% and 18.2%, respectively. Pregnant was associated with consistency of cervical mucus (p<0.10). Findings indicated that dairy cattle with thinconsistency of cervical mucus and had clear discharge were pregnant cows.

Effect of Calf Birth Weight on the Subsequent Fertility of Holstein Heifers

임현주,손준규,윤호백,백광수,권응기 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2012 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.27 No.2

This study investigated the effect of birth weight on the fertility of Holstein heifers. Growth parameter (body weight) was measured at birth. Calves were analyzed as three subgroups: low (L), average (A) and high (H) birth weight (BW) calves. LBW calves were born 10 kg lighter than HBW calves. Fertility data collected included age at first breeding (AFB), number of services per conception, pregnancy rate to first artificial insemination (AI), and age at first calving (AFC). Primiparous calves in HBW are smaller compared to multiparous cows (18.3% versus 48%). Although not significantly different, LBW offspring appeared to breed faster over the service period compared with the ABW offspring that bred three weeks later on the average. The mean pregnancy rate to first AI for LBW heifers was higher (60%) than ABW (48%) and HBW (45%). HBW cows required more services per conception (2.1) than the LBW (1.7) and ABW (1.9). There were significant differences (p<0.05) in age at first calving among the different calving birth weights. Smaller birth size did not have any subsequent adverse effects on fertility. HBW offspring were more likely or tend to have worse fertility parameters.

Effect of Preantral Follicle Isolation Technique on In Vitro Follicular Development in Mice

임현주,김동훈,임기순,박성재,손준규,백광수,권응기 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The objective of this study was to compare of different isolation method of mouse preantral follicles, and to examine in vitro development of mouse preantral follicles isolated by different method. Preantral follicles were mechanically or enzymatically extracted from mouse ovaries. Mechanical isolation method used fine gauge needles and enzymatic method of isolating follicles used collagenase. The recovered preantral follicles were cultured for 10 days in alpha-minimal essential medium (α-MEM) + 5% FBS + Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium (ITS) + 100 mIU/ml FSH. The collected primary follicles by enzymatic treatment were higher than mechanical method. Others stage preantral follicle by mechanical isolation were higher than enzymatic method. After 10 days of culture, no statistical differences were shown in survival rates of preantral follicle among the 2 culture groups. The metaphase Ⅱ rates of the oocytes were significantly higher (p<0.05) in mechanical method (17.8%) than in enzymatic method (5.1%). These results suggest that the isolation method of choice depends on the target stage preantral follicles and mechanical isolation is an optimal method of preantral folliclesin a culture of mouse preantral follicle.

Clinical Significance and Pathologic Outcomes of Coarse Heterogeneous Calcifications Detected on a Mammography

임현주,조규란,서보경,우옥희,황규원,오유환,배정원,박경화 대한영상의학회 2011 대한영상의학회지 Vol.65 No.6

Purpose: To investigate the clinical significance and pathologic outcome of coarse heterogeneous calcifications (CHCs) detected on a mammography. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of our institutional mammographic database revealed 65 women with CHCs. Of these, we included 27 with pathologic verification (n = 27; benign in 13, malignancy in 14). Mammograms were interpreted in terms of CHC distribution (clustered, linear, segmental, regional, or diffuse), the area of CHCs, and associated findings. We also evaluated the presence of mass, ductal change, or change of parenchymal echogenicity on ultrasound images (n = 26). We correlated and statistically analyzed the radiologic features with pathologic findings. Results: The individual distributional descriptors of CHCs predicted the risk of malignancy as follows: clustered (8/22); linear (1/2); regional (0/1); segmental (5/5). The segmental distribution predicted malignancy (p < 0.05). The CHC area in malignant lesions was larger than that of benign lesions (p < 0.05). Mammography revealed an associated mass in 2 out of 13 benign and 5 out of 14 malignancies. However, an increased risk of malignancy was not shown by the presence of an associated mass and its larger size. Ultrasound findings were not significant for predicting malignancy. Conclusion: CHCs were verified as malignancy in 52% of cases, especially when characterized by segmental distribution and larger CHC areas on mammography. 목적: 유방촬영술에서 발견된 거친 비균질성 석회화의 임상적 중요성과 병리 소견을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2006년 1월부터 2010년 8월까지 본원에서 시행된 유방촬영술에서 발견된 거친 비균질성 석회화를 가진 65명의 여성들 중에서 병리적으로 확진된 27명(양성 13명, 악성 14명)의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 유방촬영술에서 거친 비균질성 석회화의 분포(군집성, 선상, 구역성, 국소성, 미만성)와 범위, 동반된 종괴의 유무 및 크기 등을 두 명의 유방영상의학과 의사가 합의하에 후향적으로 분석하였다. 유방초음파 검사를 시행한 26명의 경우, 종괴의 유무, 유관의 변화, 유방실질 에코의 변화 등을 분석하였다. 또한, 악성을 예측할 수 있는 영상소견이 있는지 알아보았다. 결과: 거친 비균질성 석회화의 분포의 경우, 전체 22예의 군집성 분포 중 8예, 2예의 선상 분포 중 1예, 5예의 구역성 분포 중 5예가 악성을 나타냈으며, 구역성 분포는 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다(p < 0.05). 악성으로 판명된 거친 비균질성 석회화의 범위는 양성의 경우보다 통계적으로 유의하게 넓었다(p < 0.05). 유방촬영술에서 거친 비균질 석회화에 동반된 종괴는 양성인 13경우 중 2예에서, 악성인 14경우 중 5예에서 확인되었다. 하지만 유방촬영술상 동반된 종괴의 여부나 그 크기는 유의한 악성 예측률을 나타내지 않았다. 유방초음파소견 역시 양성과 악성 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 유방촬영술에서 발견된 거친 비균질성 석회화는 52%에서 악성과 연관이 있었으며(14/27), 구역성 분포를 보이고 석회화의 범위가 크면 악성일 가능성이 높았다.

Interpretation of Digital Chest Radiographs: Comparison of Light Emitting Diode versus Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp Backlit Monitors

임현주,정명진,이지원,이미연,신경은,문정원,이경수 대한영상의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.14 No.6

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance of light emitting diode (LED) backlight monitors and cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) monitors for the interpretation of digital chest radiographs. Materials and Methods: We selected 130 chest radiographs from health screening patients. The soft copy image data were randomly sorted and displayed on a 3.5 M LED (2560 x 1440 pixels) monitor and a 3 M CCFL (2048 x 1536 pixels) monitor. Eight radiologists rated their confidence in detecting nodules and abnormal interstitial lung markings (ILD). Low dose chest CT images were used as a reference standard. The performance of the monitor systems was assessed by analyzing 2080 observations and comparing them by multi-reader, multi-case receiver operating characteristic analysis. The observers reported visual fatigue and a sense of heat. Radiant heat and brightness of the monitors were measured. Results: Measured brightness was 291 cd/m2 for the LED and 354 cd/m2 for the CCFL monitor. Area under curves for nodule detection were 0.721 ± 0.072 and 0.764 ± 0.098 for LED and CCFL (p = 0.173), whereas those for ILD were 0.871 ± 0.073 and 0.844 ± 0.068 (p = 0.145), respectively. There were no significant differences in interpretation time (p = 0.446) or fatigue score (p = 0.102) between the two monitors. Sense of heat was lower for the LED monitor (p = 0.024). The temperature elevation was 6.7˚C for LED and 12.4˚C for the CCFL monitor. Conclusion: Although the LED monitor had lower maximum brightness compared with the CCFL monitor, soft copy reading of the digital chest radiographs on LED and CCFL showed no difference in terms of diagnostic performance. In addition, LED emitted less heat.