http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
SVM 기반 음성/음악 분류기의 효율적인 임베디드 시스템 구현
임정수,장준혁,Lim, Chung-Soo,Chang, Joon-Hyuk 한국음향학회 2011 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.30 No.8
제한된 대역폭을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서 도입된 가변 전송률은 먼저 신호의 정확한 분류를 필요로 한다. 특히 멀티미디어 서비스가 보편화 되면서 음성/음악 신호 분류의 중요성도 높아지게 되었다. 음성/음악 분류기 중, 서포트벡터머신 (SVM)을 이용한 분류기는 높은 분류 정확도로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 SVM는 많은 계산량과 저장 공간을 요구하므로 효율적인 구현이 요구되며, 특히 임베디드 시스템과 같이 자원이 제한 적인 경우에는 더욱 그러하다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 SVM을 이용한 음성/음악 분류기의 임베디드 시스템으로의 구현을 실행시간과 에너지소비의 관점에서 분석하고, 효율적인 구현을 위한 두가지 방법들을 제안한다. 서포트벡터의 판별결과에의 기여도를 바탕으로 기여도가 낮은 벡터들을 제외하는 방법과, 음성/음악 신호에 기본적으로 존재하는 각 프레임간의 상관관계를 이용하여 입력신호의 일부를 건너뛰는 방법이다. 이 기법들은 SVM의 학습 시 사용되는 다른 최적화 기법에 관계없이 적용이 가능하며, 실험을 통해 분류의 정확도, 실행시간, 그리고 에너지소비의 관점에서 그 성능을 증명하였다. Accurate classification of input signals is the key prerequisite for variable bit-rate coding, which has been introduced in order to effectively utilize limited communication bandwidth. Especially, recent surge of multimedia services elevate the importance of speech/music classification. Among many speech/music classifier, the ones based on support vector machine (SVM) have a strong selling point, high classification accuracy, but their computational complexity and memory requirement hinder their way into actual implementations. Therefore, techniques that reduce the computational complexity and the memory requirement is inevitable, particularly for embedded systems. We first analyze implementation of an SVM-based classifier on embedded systems in terms of execution time and energy consumption, and then propose two techniques that alleviate the implementation requirements: One is a technique that removes support vectors that have insignificant contribution to the final classification, and the other is to skip processing some of input signals by virtue of strong correlations in speech/music frames. These are post-processing techniques that can work with any other optimization techniques applied during the training phase of SVM. With experiments, we validate the proposed algorithms from the perspectives of classification accuracy, execution time, and energy consumption.
한국 제2형 당뇨병 남성에서 FGF-21과 비알코올성 지방간의 연관성
한용재 ( Yong Jae Han ),허지혜 ( Ji Hye Huh ),성재호 ( Jae Ho Seong ),임정수 ( Jung Soo Lim,),이미영 ( Mi Young Lee ),정춘희 ( Choon Hee Chung ),신장열 ( Jang Yel Shin ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.88 No.3
Background/Aims: Serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) levels are elevated in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Clinical studies have demonstrated an association between FGF-21 and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in the general population. This study investigated the association between FGF-21 and NAFL in Korean men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Clinical and biochemical metabolic parameters were measured in 135 Korean men with type 2 diabetes (mean age: 56.2 ± 9.2 years; HbA1C: 7.6 ± 1.5%). Serum FGF-21 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NAFL severity was assessed by ultrasound of the liver. High-grade (hg) NAFL was defined as moderate or severe fatty liver. Results: The patients were divided into three subgroups according to NAFL severity: normal (17.0%), low-grade (50.4%), and high-grade (32.6%). Patients with hgNAFL had a larger waist circumference and higher body mass index (BMI), homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score, and triglyceride (TG), liver enzyme, and FGF-21 levels than those with a normal liver. FGF-21 correlated positively with BMI, serum creatinine (Cr), TG, liver enzymes, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, but negatively with high density lipoprotein (HDL). In multivariate regression analysis, Cr and TG were independently associated with FGF-21. BMI, TG, HDL, HOMA-IR, and FGF-21 correlated strongly with hgNAFL. The odds ratio (OR) of a 1-standard-deviation increase in FGF-21 predicting hgNAFL was 2.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.55?3.68). The OR remained significant after adjustment for Cr, TG, BMI, and HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an independent association of serum FGF-21 with NAFL in Korean men with type 2 diabetes. (Korean J Med 2015;88:273-280)
인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자의 직계자식에서 당수송체 유전자의 다형성과 인슐린 분비능 및 말초조직의 포도당 이용율 등의 대사적 측면과의 상호연관성에 관한 연구
이현철(Hyun Chul Lee),이영식(Young Sik Lee),박석원(Seog Won Park),정윤석(Yoon Sok Chung),안광진(Kwang Jin Ahn),이은직(Eun Jig Lee),임승길(Sung Kil Lim),김경래(Kyung Rae Kim),허갑범(Kap Bum Huh),김태연(Tae Yeun Kim),임정수(Jung Soo Rh 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.1
Background: First-degree relatives of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus are generally accepted to be high risk group for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. So we are intended to identify the early metabolic defects in the young first-degree relatives of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Methods: Ten offsprings of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and ten healthy men were included in this study. They were all third decade male subjects and matched well with age and body mass indices. Both groups were not different in anthropometric measurements (IBW, BMI, WHR), dilay calorie intake and total energy consumptions (total energy expenditure, physical activity). Results: 1) Oral glucose tolerance test showed normal responses of plasma glucose levels and C-peptide levels in both groups. 2) There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in plasma glucose, C-peptide and insulin levels at 60 minutes between two groups (Glucose 100±19 vs. 77±19mg/dl; C-peptide 5.47±1.7 vs. 3.32±1.88ng/ml; Insulin 90.3±41.3 vs. 38.6±29.4 μU/ml). 3) The result of euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study showed that offsprings of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus had significantly diminished rates of insulin-mediated glucose disposal compared to the control group (5.61±1.01 vs. 8.87±0.92mg/kg B.W/min, p<0.01). 4) Simple linear regression analysis showed a good correlation between peripheral glucose utilization rates and the lean mass composition measured by body composition analyzer (Futrex-5000, Futrex Co., USA). As the lean mass percentage increases, peripheral glucose utilization rate also increases with positive 1inear relationship (r2=0.49, p<0.05). 5) By the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism, we found two polymorphic Kpn I sites of 6.5 kb and 5.8 kd as described previously without any new polymorphism for GLUT4 gene DNA in both groups. We also used other two restriction endonucleases, Bam HI and Eco RI, but did not discover polymorphism at GLUT4 gene locus. Conclusion: This study supports the genetic tendency of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and showed that the early metabolic defect in the young offsprings is expressed as insulin resistance rather than pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, The insulin resistance is in the negative linear relationship with the lean mass composition and seems to arise from the skeletal muscle tissue. For preventing the development of glucose intolerant status and overt diabetes, the avoidance of obesity and maintenance of muscle mass by means of careful diet control and continuous exercise program may be helpful.