근로시간 불평등 및 근로시간 결정요인 분석

임병인,이지민 한국재정학회 2024 재정학연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구에서는 1998년~2021년 한국노동패널조사 자료로써 근로시간의 불평등과 근로시간과 임금사이의 상관관계를 분석하여 이들이 소득불평등의 최근 변화에 어떠한영향을 미쳤는지를 살펴보고, 근로시간의 결정요인을 실증분석하였다. 추정 결과를 요약하면다음과 같다. 첫째, 대표적인 불평등지수인 평균로그편차(Mean Log Deviation)를 이용한 시간당임금과 근로시간의 불평등은 전반적으로 하락하고, 근로소득 불평등에 시간당 임금은80% 이상, 주당근로시간은 20% 이하를 기여하고 있었다. 또한, 근로시간과 시간당 임금의공분산이 매년 음(-)으로 추정되어 저임금 근로자가 고임금 근로자에 비해 더 길게 일하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인의 근로시간 결정요인 추정결과, 시간당 임금에 대한 탄력성은 음(-)이었고, 여성의 시간당 임금 탄력성이 남성보다 크고, 근로시간은 남성보다 짧은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 정부의 장시간근로 지양정책으로 근로시간은 근로소득 수준과 무관하게 법정근로시간인 주40시간에 수렴하고 있었다. 이상의 분석 결과에서 근로시간의 불평등이 줄어듦에도 불구하고 여전히 근로시간과 임금간의 공분산이 음(-)이여서 소득불평등이 개선되고 있다는 시사점을 도출할 수 있다. Our study analyzes the trend of working hours inequality per week, the hourly wage and their correlation, then estimates how much they affect the labor income inequality in recent years and determinants of the working time by laborers with the Korea Labor & Income Panel Survey data from 1998 to 2021. Empirical results are as follows: first, the result using the MLD (the mean log deviation) as inequality index is that both hourly wage and working hours inequality per week have been generally declining, and the contribution of hourly wage and working hours for the labor income inequality has accounted for more than 80% and less than 20%, respectively. Additionally, the covariance between working hours per week and hourly wage has been estimated to be negative every year, indicating that low-wage workers work longer hours compared to high-wage workers. Second, estimation results for determinants of an individual’s working hours show that the elasticity of hourly wages was negative, and then its elasticity of women was greater than that for men, and women’s working hours were shorter than men’s. Third, working hours per week have converged to the statutory working hours, i.e. 40 hours per week, regardless of income classes. These results imply, despite a decrease in working hours inequality, the negative covariance between working hours and hourly wage suggests that improvements in income inequality are being triggered.

탄소배출권 거래시장 도입이 경기도에 미치는 영향 및 대응과제 연구

임병인,강만옥,이상용,유영성 경기연구원 2008 위탁연구 Vol.2008 No.4

This study discusses the mechanism of the tradable CO₂ permits market and Clean Development Mechanism, both one of three Kyoto-Protocol mechanisms and the only way to be tried by the Korea until now, and then suggests several proper CDM sectors for Gyeonggi Province, on the basis of the cost-effectiveness, potentials of CO₂ reduction and the region-specific approach. The proper CDM sectors recommended in our study are as follows: First, wastes-related sectors might be the most cost-effective CDM sector of all, supported by Andong city case. Second, the Voluntary Agreement for Energy Efficiency Improvement is the useful and powerful method to cut down the greenhouse gases for such as Ansan city, Pyungtak city, Suwon city, and so on. Third, the forest management had better focus on the carbon sink and implement policies to increase the CO₂ absorption from the long-term CDM sectors. This kinds of the approach is supported by the Japanese case. In this context, the afforestation and reforestation in the North Korea can be said not to be the proper CDM sector for getting the CERs, because the municipal government cannot be the subject in the Project Design Document and is much more likely to face the country risk. Gyeonggi Province had better pursue the followings for getting better performances in CDM sectors. First, building up the basic statistics for the greenhouse gases inventory is needed. In this context, a CDM center in Gyeonggi Research Institute is recommended to establish for acquiring relatively easily CERs from the CDM sectors. Second, the budgetincentive system is suggested to favor the basic municipal governments which have the better ability to abate the greenhouse gases. Third, the "pilot project of the tradable CO₂ permits market by the public institutions" has to be introduced and implemented, following after an agreement between the ministry of the Environment and the Busan city. Furthermore, after checking and analyzing outcomes of the Personal Carbon Allowance System, it is needed to extend to the other municipal government. Fourth, all projects for abating the greenhouse gases in Gyeonggi Province rearrange their priorities on the basis of the cost-benefit analysis by an unit of the greenhouse gases reduced by the related-budget.

Income Distribution Effects of Imposing Carbon Tax on Transportation and Household Fuels

임병인,강만옥 한국교통연구원 2013 交通硏究 Vol.20 No.3

This study has analyzed the results of income distribution effects of the current energy-related taxes compared to when the carbon tax is levied on CO₂ emissions from transportation and households, by using the data from 2009 Survey of the Household Income & Expenditure Trends and applying Kakwani index. As a result, the following results were obtained: First, the most carbon dioxide emitting fuels were household LNG, gasoline and diesel oil in that order. Second, the carbon tax charge per household was analyzed to be greater for transportation fuels based on total households. Additionally, for transportation fuel, depending on income decile, the carbon tax increased at a constant rate, which reflected a regressive nature. Third, according to the Kakwani index's estimation result, the tax imposed on household fuels was proportional while the tax imposed on transportation fuels including carbon tax was mostly regressive. Fourth, all taxes imposed on transportation and household fuels were almost proportional. However, when carbon tax was additionally imposed, they were regressive. That is, in terms of equity, when carbon tax was imposed, it showed that low-income households would be relatively more disadvantageous than high-income households.

저출산 정책의 효과성 분석: 육아휴직 제도를 중심으로

임병인,이지민 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2019 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.4

본 연구는 현재 저출산 정책 중 하나인 육아휴직제도의 출생아 수 제고효과를 1970년부터 2018년까지 연간 자료로써 자기회귀시차분포모형(ARDL)으로 실증하였다. 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 1988년부터 시행된 육아휴직제도는 장기적 관점에서 출생아수에 긍정적인 효과를 주는 것임을 확인할 수 있었으나 2001년부터 도입된 육아휴직급여 지급은 장기적인 관점에서 출생아수를 하락시키는 효과를 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 여성의 경제활동 인구수와 여성 대학생 수는 출생아 수를 하락시키고, 1인당 국민총생산은 출생아 수를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과에서 육아휴직 제도는 정책효과가 있는 것으로 실증되었으나, 휴직급여지급제도의 효과는 없는 것으로 보아 후자는 개선대책이 필요해 보인다. 아울러 여성의 사회․경제적 지위향상은 저출산 문제의 원인이 되고 있지만, 국민의 경제력 향상은 오히려 출생아 수를 늘릴 수 있음이 실증되었으므로 새로운 관점에서 휴직급여제도를 개 선할 필요가 있다는 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다.

자산빈곤율 추정의 쟁점과 자산빈곤율 시산

임병인 한국보건사회연구원 2012 보건복지포럼 Vol.184 No.-

본고는 자산빈곤에 관한 기존 연구들의 정의를 살펴보고, 그와 관련된 쟁점을 제시하고 통계청 발표 『2010년 가계금융조사』를 이용하여 몇 가지 시산결과를 연계하여 설명한다. Haveman and Wolff(2001) 정의에 의한 자산빈곤율은 1998년 환율에 근거할 때, 총자산기준 7.0%, 순자산기준 10.11%, 1998년 대비 2010년 물가환산 기준으로 총자산기준 8.5%, 순자산기준 11.43%로 나타났다. Brandolini et al. (2010) 정의에 의한 상대자산빈곤의 경우, 8.52%, 9.41%, 10.25%였고, 절대자산빈곤율은 8.06%였다. 남상호(2009)의 정의에 의한 자산빈곤율은 총자산 기준 5.7%, 순자산 8.79%였다. 이 중 절대자산빈곤율은 『2010년 가계금융조사』에서 조사된 경상소득 기준 절대소득 빈곤율인 16.51%로 낮았다.

우레탄기를 포함하는 디아민 / 벤조퀴논 중합체의 합성과 특성분석 (Ⅱ) - 고분자량의 유연성 연쇄를 갖는 디아민의 영향

임병인,노시태,이치규,정일현 ( Byung In Lym,Si Tae Noh,Chi Gyu Lee,Il Hyun Jung ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.1

우레탄기를 함유한 고분자량의 디아민을 사용하여 유연성을 향상시킨 벤조퀴논/디아민 중합체를 합성하고 그에 따른 특성분석을 행하였다. 먼저 고분자량의 디아민은 평균 분자량이 750∼2000 사이의 3종의 서로 다른 폴리올을 MDI와 반응시켜 NCO-Prepolymer를 합성한 다음 말단의 NCO기를 아민화시켜 제조하였다. 폴리올류로는 옥시 알킬기 구조가 서로 다른 PPG, PTMG 및 PTMCG를 사용하였으며 NCO:OH의 반응 몰비는 2.1:1로부터 1.4:1까지 다양하게 변화시켜가며 합성하였다. 벤조퀴논:디아민의 몰비는 3:1로 고정하여 분자구조와 분자량이 각기 다른 9종의 퀴논/디아민 중합체를 합성하였으며 각각의 중합체에 대하여 구조분석, 열분석 및 분자량분석과 용해도측정을 행하였다. 아울러 이들 중합체와 NCO-Prepolymer를 반응시켜 가교된 퀴논/디아민 중합체를 합성하여 각각의 함수율과 XRD분석을 통해 분자량 변화에 따른 결정성 및 UTM을 통한 기계적 물성도 고찰하였다. Benzoquinone/diamine polymers were synthesized from reaction of flexible polymeric diamines containing urethane group with p-benzoquinone. Polymeric diamines were obtained from the decarboxylation of NCO-terminated prepolymer prepared by the reaction of MDI and polyols with average molecular weight range of 750∼2000. PPG, PTMG, PTMCG with different molecular structure and molecular weight were used as polyols and reaction mole ratio of NCO:OH were changed from 2.1:1 to 1.4:1 for NCO-terminated prepolymer preparation. And quinone/diamine polymers were prepared by the reaction of 1 mole of diamine with 3 mole of p-benzoquinone. For these 9 different quinone/diamine polymers, characterization of molecular weights, solubilities, thermal properties and molecular structure were carried out. Additionally, crasslinked quinone/diamine polymers were synthesized from reaction of quinone/diamine polymers with NCO-Prepolymer. The effects of molecular weights of crosslinked polymers on the degree of water absorption, crystallinity and mechanical properties were investigated.

10년 후 경북 북부, 무엇으로 먹고 살 것인가? - 주민의사와 관련 행정기관들의 발전전략에 기초한 성장 동력 모색

임병인 安東大學校 安東地域社會開發硏究所 2006 安東開發硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The Analysis on the Credit Card Bubble in Korea with the Permanent Income Hypothesis and the Liquidity Constraint

임병인,윤재형 한국사회과학협의회 2011 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.38 No.2

We examined how the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) explains differences in the consumption patterns between card bubble periods and non‐bubble periods with KLIPS panel data. From empirical results, with regard to the food consumption, the PIH represents significant results for the low income household, while the middle income households had the liquidity constraint. For the health and medical service consumption, all households were free from liquidity constraints except for the year when the credit card crunch occurred. For total consumption, the high income households were free from the liquidity constraint. On the other hand, the middle income households confronted a liquidity constraint. However, the low income households were free from the liquidity constraint in the card bubble periods, while the PIH was rejected in the non‐bubble periods. Finally, we can argue that abolishing the ceiling on credit card cashadvance services has the same effect as eliminating borrowing constraints.

경기도 산업의 녹색성장 구조로의 전환방안

임병인,강만옥,황욱,이상용,김명규,유영성 경기연구원 2010 위탁연구 Vol.2010 No.12

This study is to suggest methods of converting industries into the pro-green growth structure from green industries potentials and ongoing green growth policies in the Gyeonggi-Do. Schemes for the pro-green growth structure are as follows: first, the local government have to ask the central government the revision of several laws continuously which are related to the green growth policies of the local government. Second, the local government needs to introduce and implement the 'very' supplementary policies for the same central government ones. It means that Green-all programs, which are being implemented now, are needed to be expanded. Third, it is needed to make the best use of zoning plan for an industry and the special development. Also, relating the urban redevelopment to it is more useful. Fourth, the local government has to support the R&D activities and establish networks among the industry, the academy, and research arena. Fifth, the exclusive organization for fostering the green industry growth are needed. It is useful to connect the organization to the cluster for the green growth and networking projects. Sixth, both index for evaluating the green growth by a region or industry complex and differentiating the pollution standards is required. Seventh, an ordinance for recruiting the green firms from other regions and the foreign countries. Eighth, a special account for the green growth and the expansion of the 3G fund are called for. Finally, development of industrial complexes for the green industry are needed.

Urethane 기를 함유한 Quinone / Amine 중합체의 합성과 특성분석 (Ⅲ)

임병인,노시태 한국고분자학회 1994 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1994 No.10