샘플러를 통한 대기오염노출 평가와 건강영향 조사

이지나,허청송,임종한,최예용,김선태 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.2

In order to evaluate a health effect of air pollution, we designed exposure group(taxi driver, street sweeper, street trader,) and non-exposure group(office clerk). We analysed exposure and biologic marker by using personal sampler. Mean NO₂ and benzene level in each group were statistically significant. Also, respiratory symptom, chronic cough, sputum, and dyspnea on exertion were statistically significant in each group.

흡연과 주거 환경이 요중 2-naphthol 농도에 미치는 영향

이지나,임종한,박신구,신주연,이관희,홍윤철,김헌,이철호 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목적: 흡연 및 주거 환경에 의한 PAH 노출과 대기오염에 의한 PAH 노출의 지표로서 호흡기를 통한 노출의 선택적인 생물학적 표지인자인 요 중 2-naphthol을 사용하여 일반인구집단에서의 노출정도를 규명하고자하였다. 방법: 2002년 9월 연구에 자발적으로 참여한 인천시 소재 남녀 대학생 300명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 대상자의 일반적인 특성 및 흡연량, 알콜 섭취량, 거주자와 인접도로와의 거리, 인접도로의 교통량, 난방연료, 요리 시 사용하는 연료 등을 설문조사하였고, 소변을 통해 cotinine 농도를 측정하였고, 요 중 2-naphthol은 HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) 방법으로 측정하였다. 결과: 요 중 2-naphthol 농도는 흡연량이 증가할수록, 요 중 cotinine의 농도가 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하였다 (p=0.0001). 나이, 성별, 체질량지수, 인접도로와의 거리, 도로의 넓이, 도로의 통행량, 난방연료, 취사연료와 요 중 2-naphthol 과의 관계는 유의하지 않았으나, 나이와 성별, 체질량 지수를 보정하여 층화한 경우에 비흡연자(urinary 2-naphthol 32.96 ㎍/g creatinine)에 비해 하루 10개피에서 15개피(urinary 2-naphthol 53.80 ㎍/g creatinine)를 필 경우 2-naphthol이 현저히 증가하였으며, 하루 15개피에서 20개피를 (urinary 2-naphthol 63.97 ㎍/g creatinine)피는 경우와 하루 20개피 이상을 피는 경우에 urinay 2-naphthol 64.24 ㎍/g creatinine)는 2배가 증가하였다 (p=0.0004). Cotinine 농도는 500 ㎍/g creatinine 이상일 경우 (urinary 2-naphthol 44.83 ㎍/g creatinine)가 100 ㎍/g 미만일 경우 (urinary 2-naphthol 32.74 ㎍/g creatinine)보다 증가를 보였다. 실외 및 실내의 공기오염의 영향을 보정한 상태에서 요 중 2-naphthol의 관련성을 평가하기 위하여 모델 적합성 평가를 한 결과 거주지 교통량과 취사, 난방 연료가 함께 포함된 모델이 요 중 2-naphthol 농도를 가장 잘 설명해주는 것으로 나타났으며 (R=0.1692). 설문에 의한 평가보다 최근의 흡연량을 반영하는 cotinine 농도를 변수로 포함시킨 모델이 좀 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다(R=0.1922). 고찰: 요 중 2-napnthol은 PAH의 주요 대사물의 하나이며 대기 오염의 지표가 되는 생물학적 표지 인자로서 호흡기 선택적으로 유용하다. 요 중 2-naphthol 수준을 높이는데 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 대기 오염인자는 흡연이지만 거주지 교통량의 증가와 난방취사연료의 사용도 요 중 2-naphthol의 수준을 증가시키는데 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. Objectives: To evaluate the association of urinary 2-naphthol level and air pollution caused by exposure to smoking, traffic and residential factors. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 300 university students in Incheon. The questionnaires concerning subject characteristics, smoking amount, traffic, distance between housing and main road, heating and cooking fuel including urinary cotinine levels were checked. Results: There was not any significant association between urinary 2-naphthol level and age, sex, body mass index, distance from mainroad, traffic, heating and cooking fuel. The urinary 2-naphthol level was higher in smokers or high urinary cotinine level group, too(p<0.0005). The model included both traffic and residential variables and it had a good fitness as compared to other models. Conclusions: It has been known that as one of PAH matabolites, urinary 2-naphthol is a respiration-selective biological marker. We showed that tabacco smoking has a much stronger effects on urinary 2-naphthol levels than when subjects were exposed to air pollution, such as traffic, and other residential factors at the same time.

ICP-MS를 이용한 돼지고기 중 중금속 함량 실태조사

이지나,서민정,박경수,이계호 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Development of Anthracene-Benzophenone-based Hot Exciton Materials and their OLED Application

이지나,한원식 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.1

형사사법에서의 인공지능 예측프로그램 활용 제언: 인종적 편향 가능성 회피를 중심으로

이지나 원광대학교 법학연구소 2023 圓光法學 Vol.39 No.2

In recent period, crime prediction programs have been newly introduced and utilized internationally in the field of criminal justice. COMPAS (“Corrective Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions”), as a representative example, is a recidivism prediction program used in several States in the United States. COMPAS is the most widely used risk assessment tools in the United States. The U.S. company Northpointe has developed an artificial intelligence algorithm that predicts the possibility of recidivism by analyzing the accumulated data such as criminal records, family relationships, educational history, drug abuse, etc. However, as it has been controversially argued that the results of these algorithms violate the defendants' constitutional rights, fundamental questions arise on how the results of the algorithm are produced, and what factors are calculated in judging a specific decision. In the era of A.I., ‘artificial intelligence’ is a concept that encompasses both technology development, utilization, and operation systems, normative judgment and policy design related to the use of the system in the judicial system. Furthermore, ethical guidelines for preventing individual risks in the use of artificial intelligence and other legal restraints, including criminal sanctions, should be established. Based on the crime prediction, this study will discuss the bias and racism of algorithms based on crime prediction technologies. This paper further aims to scrutinize the crime prediction and artificial intelligence algorithms in relation to the racial discrimination and social inequality against specific groups in criminal justice. Though not as much as in the U.S., often referred to as a ‘salad bowl’ society, South Korea has also entered a multicultural society due to recent surge in immigration, labor market, and international marriage. Lastly, the author emphasizes the importance of further research on the utilization of crime prediction tool in South Korea, as it requires careful deliberation and thorough comparative legal research prior the adoption of the new technology in the criminal justice system.

전시주최자의 서비스 실패 및 회복에 관한 연구 : 카자흐스탄의 전시서비스를 중심으로

이지나,이혜련 한국무역전시학회 2011 무역전시연구 Vol.6 No.2

North Korea: Juche, the Constitution and the Refugee Crisis

이지나 경북대학교 법학연구원 2017 법학논고 Vol.0 No.59

Perhaps no other nation which remains under communist rule is more ironic, disturbing and intriguing as that of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (hereinafter ‘DPRK’ or ‘North Korea’). Given the complex intersection between different international legal standards, it is necessary to bring attention to the refugee crisis facing thousands of DPRK citizens who flee their homeland each year. An analysis of the legal system of a nation provides an additional outlook to the views afforded by traditional international studies scholars, who typically apply sociological, economic or political lenses to analyze relationships between agencies and actors, the allocation of resources, or power struggles within different hierarchy systems. Although these frameworks are certainly valid and applicable in coming to an understanding of the DPRK’s horrendous abuses of human rights, identifying what is novel about the North Korean legal system which is based on socialist law is essential and that will help further the comprehension of the intricate relationship between the DPRK constitution and its abuse of human rights. North Korea defines its law as ‘law of the socialist society and national sovereignty that perform a function of the proletarian dictatorship’. Accordingly, it is necessary to keep in mind such a difference in analyzing North Korean laws, for North Korea’s concept of law and its function is quite different from that of other law-governed countries, such as South Korea. Thus, this paper attempts to perform a systematic examination of the constitution of the DPRK, the underlying ideology which continues to legitimize the existence of such a state, and implications as well as solutions regarding the North Korean refugee crisis in China. In doing so, this paper will also incorporate an interdisciplinary approach by applying the lenses of constitutional law, international law, and human rights law to provide a comprehensive view of the North Korean refugee crisis.

정폭도형의 성질 및 활용방안 탐구

이지나,이효정,김승진,최윤근,박정숙 한국수학교육학회 2016 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2016 No.3

성인 구순구개열 환자에서 Multidisciplinary 치료로 기능성 교합을 형성한 증례

이지나 대한구순구개열학회 2012 대한구순구개열학회지 Vol.15 No.1

A 20 year-old cleft lip and palate patient came for occlusal rehabilitation, but the constricted maxilla and early loss of posterior teeth called for an unusual treatment modalities. Distraction osteogenesis in the edentulous areas followed by artificial bone graft, dental implant along with orthodontic tooth movement were planed. Multidisciplinary treatment enabled both esthetic and functional oral rehabilitation of this patient.

생물학적 검정법을 이용한 소규모 수계내 수질 오염물질의 환경독성 평가 : 상추씨 발아시험과 Microtox 시험 비교 Comparision between Lettuce Seed Germination Test and Microtox Bioassay

이지나,황인영 한국환경독성학회 1999 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants were evaluated by two selected bioassays, Lettuce seed germination/elongation test and Microtox acute toxicity test. Toxic chemicals (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds) inhibited the germination rate and root elongation of Lettuce seed, as well as the bioluminescence of Microtox bacteria. When test biota were exposed to target chemicals, the sensitivity of Lettuce bioassay was relatively lower than that of Microtox bioassay. However, Lettuce bioassay may be a good candidate for prescreening the environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants, since the testing method with Lettuce seed was relatively easier and more economic than with Microtox bacteria. Toxicity tests were conducted to compare the validity and sensitivity of both bioassays for sediment from a small stream passed through urban area as well as leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill. From experimental results, we found that Lettuce test and Microtox test are compensated each other as a battery of bioassay for evaluating the environmental toxicities of field samples obtained from a small stream contaminated by pollutants.