Complementary Dual-Path Charge Pump with High Pumping Efficiency in Standard CMOS Logic Technology

이정찬,정연배,Lee, Jung-Chan,Chung, Yeon-Bae The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2009 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.46 No.12

전하펌프의 성능은 공급전압에 의해 크게 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 표준 twin-well CMOS 로직 공정으로 제작 가능하며, 낮은 공급전압에서도 높은 효율을 갖는 새로운 전하펌프 회로를 제안하고 검증하였다. 제안한 전하펌프는 이중의 전하 전달 경로와 간단한 2-phase 클락을 사용한다. 한 주기의 펌핑 사이클 동안 각 펌핑 단에서 입력전압을 2배로 승압하며, 상보적으로 연결된 PMOS 트랜지스터를 전달 스위치로 사용하여 트랜지스터의 문턱전압에 의한 전압강하 없이 승압된 전압을 다음 승압 단으로 전달한다. 시뮬레이션과 측정을 통해 제안한 전하펌프를 검증하였으며, 동일한 공정조건에서 제작 가능한 기존 전하펌프들 보다 높은 출력전압과 큰 전류 구동능력 그리고 더 높은 전력효율을 가진다는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, we present a new charge pump circuit feasible for the implementation with standard twin-well CMOS process technology. The proposed charge pump employs PMOS-switching dual charge-transfer paths and a simple two-phase clock. Since charge transfer switches are fully turned on during each half of clock cycle, they transfer charges completely from the present stage to the next stage without suffering threshold voltage drop. During one clock cycle, the pump transfers charges twice through two pumping paths which are operating alternately. The performance comparison by simulations and measurements demonstrates that the proposed charge pump exhibits the higher output voltage, the larger output current and a better power efficiency over the traditional twin-well charge pumps.

대편(大便)을 중심(中心)으로 한 사상(四象) 체질(體質) 병증(病證)에 대(對)한 고찰(考察)

이정찬,김달래,Lee, Jeong-Chan,Kim, Dal-Rae 사상체질의학회 1992 사상체질의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

사상체질분류검사(四象體質分類檢査)의 준거타당화(准据妥當化) 연구(硏究) (성격요인검사(性格要因檢査)-16PF-와의 비교(比較) 분석(分析))

이정찬,고병희,송일병,Lee, Jung-Chan,Ko, Byung-He,Song, Il-Byung 사상체질의학회 1993 사상체질의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study was performed to analize the possibility of validation about Questionaire of Sasang constitution Classification which has been made through several stages for the purpose of promoting the objectivity of Sasang constitutional classification. The results of statistical research about the responses data of Sasang Questionaire are as follow: 1. In the case of mutual relation between the items of the QSCC(Questionaire of Sasang Constitution Classification) and 16PF, every item displaced singnificant result.(in male group) 2. In the investigation to classify the score distribution of Sasang items three groups and analize the gap of mean value in each of 16PF, the characters of each Sasang group were turn out as follows: (1) The Taee-Yang group has extrovert and narcissistic inclination. (2) The So-Yang group shows remarkable extrovert inclination. (3) The Tae-Eum group has hidden fear and introvert inclination. (4) The So-Eum group has revealed physical unstability and introvert inclination. 3. The statistical research of female group didn't display any significant result. It will be necessary to analize the respondent shape of female group and introduce new items to coincident with faminine psychology. 4. In the research using 16PF accompany with QSCC in order to classify the Sasang constitution, the accuracy rate of diagnosis showed inspiring elevation. For that reason, it seems to be desirable to introduce some items of 16PF into QSCC. According to above results, although QSCC contains several problems to be solved, its validity was proved, and the analysis of statistics suggests the possibility to step forward by introducing 16PF in some problems of promoting the accuracy of Sasang Constitutional diagnosis, assuring the objectibity of Sasang constitution classification and so on.

Multi-Electrode Array를 이용한 뇌 해마의 Total Activity 추산

이정찬,김지은,조정연,손민숙,박경모,박지호,Lee, Jeong-Chan,Kim, Ji-Eun,Cho, Chung-Yearn,Son, Min-Sook,Park, Kyung-Mo,Park, Ji-Ho 대한의용생체공학회 2006 의공학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Research on neural circuit is a difficult area due to complexity and inaccessibility. Due to recent developments, the research using multi-electrode array of cells or tissues has become an important research area. However, there are some difficulties to decode the submerged meaning from huge and complex neural data. Moreover, it needs a harmonic collaboration between informatics and bioscience. In this paper, we have developed a custom-designed signal processing technique for multi-electrode array measured neural responses induced by electrical stimuli to the hippocampal tissue slices of the rat brain. The raw data from hippocampal slice using the multi-electrode array system were saved in a computer. Then we estimated characteristic points in each channel and calculated the total activity. To estimate the points, we used the Polynomial Fitting Approximation Method. Using the calculated total activity, we could provide the histogram or pseudo-image matrix to help interpretation of results.

자율신경활성도의 지표로서의 동공크기 변이율 -자세변화, 졸음, 인지과제 실험으로부터

이정찬,김지은,박경모,Lee, Jeung-Chan,Kim, Ji-Eun,Park, Kyung-Mo 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This paper sought to investigate pupil size variability, pupil size parameters in terms of time domain and frequency domain, the autonomic activity change induced by posture change, degree of sleepiness and cognitive task (math task). With a specially designed pupil image acquisition system in the dark room, these three kinds of experiments were performed to induce a dominant state of sympathetic or parasympathetic activation. Electrocardiogram and pupil size were measured in all the experiments. Based on three experiments, we calculated heart rate variability. In the pupil size analysis, we calculated the mean and standard deviation of pupil size (in time domain), and proposed several frequency bands that exhibit different autonomic activation between different sessions. The results indicate that in terms of heart rate variability, posture change exhibited significant differences but not between sleepiness level, or between cognitive task. Pupil sizes differed only during the postures. And we found some frequency bands that correlated with autonomic activation in each experiment. While heart rate variability reflects posture change that need cardiac control, pupil size variability reflects not only posture induced autonomic activation but sleepiness and cognitive load, which is processed in the brain, in time and frequency domain parameter.

광집적화 기술 한계 극복: 실리콘 포토닉스 기반 광트랜시버 기술 동향

이정찬,유상화,서동준,박혁,이준기,Lee, J.C.,Yoo, S.H.,Seo, D.J.,Park, H.,Lee, J.K. 한국전자통신연구원 2022 전자통신동향분석 Vol.37 No.3

The development and application of silicon photonics technology to terabit optical transmission are expected in the future. Silicon photonics technology is recognized as the only technology focusing on increasing the bandwidth of data center switches. High-density integration-based small optical subassemblies, optical engines, and optical transceivers are converged with the silicon photonics technology to accelerate a revolution in optical interfaces.

사상체질분류검사지(四象體質分類檢査紙)(QSCC)II에 대(對)한 타당화(妥當化) 연구(硏究) -각(各) 체질집단(體質集團)의 군집별(群集別) Profile 분석(分析)을 중심(中心)으로-

이정찬,고병희,송일병,Lee, Jung-Chan,Go, Byeong-Hui,Song, Il-Byeong 사상체질의학회 1996 사상체질의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

본 논문은 사상채질분류검사지의 표준화 연구와 공동작업으로 행해진 연구로써 최근에 들어 다각도로 행해지고 있는 사상체질분류 객관화 연구의 한 방면이라고 하겠다. 본 논문의 주된 내용은 진단정확률의 확인을 통하여 새로 개발된 검사지의 타당도를 검증해 보고 프로파일 분석이라고 하는 통계분석상의 기법을 활용해서 설문지에 대한 적응도가 다소 떨어지는 집단들을 추출해내고 그들의 특성을 분석연구하자는 것이다. 연구에 사용된 검사지는 기본의 1992년판 검사지를 의학, 문학, 철학 및 심리화분야등 각 방면에서 폭넓은 검토를 거쳐 개정한 것이다. 본 연구의 대상이 되는 집단은 1995년 8월 7일부터 동년 9월 6일까지 경희의료원 동서종합건진센터 및 경희의료원 한방병원의 사상의학과에서 수진하여 전문의의 사상체질변증과정을 거친 외래환자들의 집단과 체질변증 과정이 없이 개방적으로 자료를 모집하되 연령별, 성별, 학력별로 나누어 고르게 분포하도록 한 일반인들의 집단으로 집단내 인원수는 각각 총 274명과 1092명이었다. 이들로부터 채집된 자료중 환자집단의 자료를 가지고 진단정확률을 조사하고, 일반인군 자료의 표준화에서 얻어진 규준(norms)을 환자군의 사상척도점수에 적용하여 T점수를 구하고 다변량군집분석을 시행하여 집단별 특성을 프로파일 그래프로 작성하여 파악해 보는 작업을 거쳐 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 예언집단과 실제 집단간의 비교로 나타나는 진단정확률은 기존의 QSCC에 비하여 대폭 향상된 70.08%로 나타나 검사지의 타당도가 입증되었다. 2. 각 체질집단의 전체 프로파일 특성비교에서 각 체질별로 해당척도에 대한 반응은 모든 척도에서 일정하게 상승되어 체질변증의 측면에서 긍정적인 양상을 보였다. 3. 자기표현의 정도를 중심으로 관찰해 본 전체 프로파일의 분석에서는 소양집단이 가장 뚜렷한 선명성을 보였고 소음집단이 가장 취약하였으며 태음집단은 이중적 속성을 나타냈다. 4. 각 체질별 세 군의 하위집단중에서 소위 이탈집단이라고 할 수 있는 부류의 집단은 나머지 두 집단과 프로파일의 특성에 있어서 확연히 구분되는 양상을 보였는 바 그 내용은 다음과 같다. 가. 소양인의 이탈집단은 소양집단의 일반적 속성과 달리 현저하게 소극적인 양상을 보였으며 소음척도에서 비교적 높은 반응을 보였다. 나. 태음인의 이탈집단은 점수분포가 매우 낮은 소극적 양상을 보였으며 태음집단의 특성인 태양-태음 동반상승과는 반대로 태양척도에서 점수가 급락하는 현상을 나타냈다. 다. 소음인의 이탈집단은 소양집단의 프로파일 형태와 유사한 특성을 보여 소음집단 특유의 소극적이고 표현에 취약한 특성이 대부분 희석된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 제작된 검사지의 타당도가 입증되었으며 본 연구의 과정에서 실시한 체질별 이탈집단의 프로파일 분석을 통해 몇가지 방향에서 그들의 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 추후에 본 검사지의 개선에 하나의 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대하며 검사지의 발전을 위해서는 이탈집단과 대조집단의 특성차이에 대한 좀 더 심층적인 연구가 지속되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. By means of the statistical data which has been collected with newly revised QSCC made use of the outpatient group examined at Kyung-Hee Medical Center and an open ordinary person group, the author proceeded statistical analysis for the validation study of the revised questionnaire itself. First, check the accurate discrimination rate by performing discriminant analysis on the statistical data of the patient group. And next, sought T-score by applying the norms gained in process of standadization of the open ordinary person group to the Sasang scale score of the outpatient group and investigated the distinctive feature between the subpopulations which was devided in the process of multivarite cluster analysis. The result was summarized as follows ; 1. The validity of the questionnaire was established through the fact that the accurate discrimination rate the ratio between predicted group and actual group was figured out 70.08%. 2. At the profile analysis the response to the relevant scale showed notable upward tendency in each constitutional group and therefore it seems to be pertinent in the field of constitutional discrimination. 3. In the observation of the power of expression through the profile analysis of each constitutional group the Soyang group demonstrated the most remarkable outcome, the Soeum group was the most inferior and the Taieum group revealed a sort of dual property. 4. What is called the group of seceder out of three subpopulation of each constitutional group distinguished definitely from the contrasted groups at the point of the distinctive profile feature and the content is like following description. (1) The seceder group of Soyang-in showed considerably passive disposition differently from general character of ordinary Soyang group and an appearance attracting the attention is that they demonstrated comparatively higher response at Soeum scale (2) The seceder group of Taieum-in gained low scores in general that informed the passive disposition of the group and the other way of the general property of Taieum group which showed accompanied ascension in Taiyang-Taieum scales they demonstrated sharply declined score at Taiyang scale (3) The seceder group of Soeum-in demonstrated distinctive property similar to the profile feature of Soyang group and it notifies that the passive property of Soeum group was diluted for the most part. According to the above result, the validity of newly revised questionnaire has been proven successfully and the property of seceder groups could be noticed to some degree through the profile analysis on the course of this study. The result of this study is expected to use as a research materials to produce next edition of the questionnaire and it is regarded that further inquisition about the difference between the seceder group and the contrasted group is required for the promotion of the questionnaire as it refered several times in the contents of the main discourse.

저온 O_sub2 어닐링 공정을 통한 HfSi_xO_y의 전기적 특성 개선

이정찬,김광숙,정석원,노용한,Lee, Jung-Chan,Kim, Kwang-Sook,Jeong, Seok-Won,Roh, Yong-Han 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5

We investigated the effects of low temperature ($500^{\circ}C$) $O_2$ annealing on the characteristics of hafnium silicate ($HfSi_xO_y$) films deposited on a Si substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD). We found that the post deposition annealing under oxidizing ambient causes the oxidation of residual Hf metal components, resulting in the improvement of electrical characteristics such as flat band voltage shift (${\Delta}V_{fb}$) by hysteresis without oxide capacitance reduction. We suggest that post deposition annealing under oxidizing ambient is necessary to improve the electrical characteristics of $HfSi_xO_y$ films deposited by ALD.

무릎 골관절염에서의 펄스 전자기장 치료의 효과

이정찬 ( Jung Chan Lee ),박정진 ( Jeong Jin Park ),신동혁 ( Dong Hyuk Sheen ),최영미 ( Young Mi Choi ),박남규 ( Nam Gyu Park ),김우규 ( Woo Kyu Kim ),이윤종 ( Yun Jong Lee ),이은봉 ( Eun Bong Lee ),송영욱 ( Yeong Wook Song ) 대한류마티스학회 2004 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 51 patients with knee OA, diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, were treated with PEMF or placebo. Eleven patients failed to attend after screening and were excluded from analysis. Treatment consisted of 3 half-hour periods of exposure per week over 6 weeks in a specially designed cylindrical device that emits low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (25 gauss, 12 Hz). The primary outcome measure was reduction in pain on movement using a 10 cm visual analog scale. Secondary outcome measures included joint swelling and tenderness, the Lequesne index, and overall evaluations of improvement by the patient and examining physician. Evaluations were made at baseline, 3 week and 6 week during treatment and 4 weeks after finishing treatment. Results: There were no significant differences between PEMF and placebo groups in respect of any outcome measures after treatment. Range of motion and knee swelling tended to be improved in the PEMF group. There were no clinically relevant adverse effects attributable to PEMF treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that the PEMF treatment has no clinically significant benefits in patients with knee OA resistant to conventional treatment. The larger studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of PEMF therapy in knee OA.

통계적 논증활동에서 나타나는 고등학생들의 논증과정 및 통계적 소양 분석

이정찬(Lee, JeongChan),윤종국(Yun, JongGug) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.18

In this study, the case study method was designed to analyze the argumentative process of high school students in statistical argumentation activities and to analyze the characteristics of the level of statistical literacies in the argumentative process. Two different types of argument task were developed and provided to six first-year students of the gifted and talented class who were attending general high schools to carry out statistical argumentation activities. The opinions presented by the students were analyzed based on factor of Toulmin s argument pattern. We analyzed the characteristics of the students argumentative process by extracting episodes that we thought were particularly meaningful. Based on the preceding study, the characteristics of students statistical literacies were analyzed using an analysis frame consisting of four levels of statistical literacy. Based on the results of this study, we were able to identify the different levels of statistical literacies of students in statistical argumentation activities. 본 연구에서는 통계적 논증활동에서 나타나는 고등학생들의 논증과정을 분석하고, 논증과정에서 나타나는 통계적 소양의 수준별 특징을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 목적으로, 예비실험을 거처 수정한 서로 다른 2가지 유형의 논증과제를 활용하여 연구에 참여한 일반계 고등학교 영재학급 소속 1학년 학생 6명이 소속된 학급 교실에서 각 2시간씩 이틀 동안 연구를 진행하였다. 참여 학생 6명이 주어진 논증과제를 30분 동안 해결하게 하고, 자신의 의견을 제시하고 상대방의 의견에 대해 동의하거나 반박하는 논증활동을 1시간 동안 수행하였다. 학생들이 제시한 의견은 Toulmin의 논증 패턴 요소를 바탕으로 분석하였으며 특별히 의미가 있다고 생각되는 에피소드를 추출하여 학생들의 논증과정의 특징을 분석하였다. 또한 선행연구를 바탕으로 구성한 4단계의 통계적 소양 수준을 분석틀로 활용하여 학생들의 통계적 소양의 수준별 특징을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 통계적 논증활동에서 학생들의 다양한 통계적 소양의 수준이 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 최근에 많은 관심을 받고 있는 ‘학습자 중심 교육’에 대한 국내외 학자들의 다양한 정의와 특징을 정리해 보고, 여기에 좀 더 일관성 있는 이론적 틀을 제공하고 나아가 현장에서의 실천성을 덧붙이기 위해, 구성주의와의 연결을 시도하였다.