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열간단조된 $\gamma$-TiAl 합금의 이방성에 관한 연구
이재승,박노진,김성진,김승언,오명훈,Lee, Jae-Seung,Park, No-Jin,Kim, Seong-Jin,Kim, Seung-Eon,O, Myeong-Hun 한국재료학회 2000 한국재료학회지 Vol.10 No.9
본 논문에서는 Ti-48.5at%Al-0.96at%Mo 조성을 갖는 $\gamma$-TiAl 합금은 항온 단조 및 후속 조직제어 열처리 시 발달하는 집합조직의 변화에 관해 연구하였다. 특히, 동적 재결정 후 조직제어 열처리 온도와 시간의 증가에 따라 발생하는 lamellar volume fraction 과 집합조직 변화에 주목하여 관찰하였다. 동적 재결정 후 집합조직은 ND$\perp${302) 선분과, TD$\perp${100) 및 이에 비해 상대적으로 다소 약한{111) 성분들이 발달하였으며, 열처리 온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 lameller volume fraction 은 증가했고 동일한 성분의 집합조직도 점차 강하게 발달함을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 상온인장시험 결과는 lameller volume fraction이 증가할수록 낮은 상온 연신을 보였는데, 이는 준 층상조직을 갖는 $\gamma$-TiAl합금의 상온인장특성이 집합조직의 영향보다는 lameller volume fractio과 같은 미세조직 특성에 더욱 강하게 영향을 받기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. The texture evolution during isothermal forging and subsequent heat treatment in Ti-48.5at%Al-0.6at%Mo alloy was investigated. Especially, in the present study, research interest was focused on the interrelation between lamellar volume fraction and textures varied with the change of heat-treated time and temperature. It was found that texture components having ND┴{302) and TD$\perp${100} with minor TD$\perp${111} were developed by isothermal forging. In addition, when the followed heat-treatment time and temperature increased from $1330^{\circ}C$/10h to $1350^{\circ}C$/20h respectively, both the lamellar volume fraction and the intensity of textures mentioned above also gradually increased. However, the tensile elongation at room temperature decreased oppositely, as the lamellar volume fraction increased. These results suggested that tensile properties of $\gamma$-TiAl with the nearly lamellar microstructure at room temperature were affected more strongly by the microstructural features such as lamellar volume fraction rather than by textures.
이재승,임인철,구은회,박형후,곽병준 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.11
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the necessity of in-phase and opposed-phase MR images and their correlations with weight, the aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) value, and age. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used as a reference in this study. We selected 68 people as subjects, among which 14 were volunteers with normal AST/ALT values (<40/35 U/L) on a liver function study and 54 were non-alcoholic fatty liver patients for whom ultrasonic images had been obtained within 3 months of the study. In this study, the liver was more enhanced than the spleen or kidney. When the Eq. (3) formula was applied to normal volunteers, the difference between the in-phase and the opposed-phase images was −3.54 ± 12.56. The MRS study result showed a high sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 100% (p = 0.000) when the cutoff value was 20%. Furthermore, this result showed a high sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 80% with a similar cutoff when the Eq. (2) formula was applied to non-alcoholic fatty liver patients (p = 0.000). The MRS study revealed a strong correlation between normal volunteers and non-alcoholic fatty liver patients (r = 0.59, p = 0.04). The correlations between AST/ALT and Eq. (3) (r = 0.45, p = 0.004), age and Eq. (3) (r = 0.73, p = 0.03), and weight and Eq. (3) (r = 0.77, p = 0.000) values were all statistically significant. In the case of non-alcoholic liver disease, MRS was found to be significantly correlated with Eq. (1) (r = 0.39, p = 0.002), Eq. (2) (r = 0.68, p = 0.04), Eq. (3) (r = 0.67, p = 0.04), and AST/ALT (r = 0.77, p = 0.000). In conclusion, in-phase and opposed-phase images can help to distinguish a normal liver from a fatty liver in order to identify non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. The intensity difference between the in-phase and opposed-phase MR signals showed valuable correlations with respect to weight, AST/ALT value, and age, with all values being above the mild lipid value (r = 0.3).
긴급조치 제9호를 적용한 법관의 책임: 대법원 2022.8.30. 2018다212610 전원합의체 판결
이재승 민주주의법학연구회 2023 민주법학 Vol.- No.81
The 2022 Supreme Court en banc ruling on Emergency Measure No. 9 made a big change in the legal doctrine of state liability for compensation. The Supreme Court justices showed significant differences in detailed issues, but unanimously acknowledged the state liability for torts. The majority opinion did not specify the individual responsibilities of public officials involved in the application of Emergency Measure No. 9, but roughly recognized state liability under the magical umbrella of a series of state actions. Opinions of justices were sharply divided over whether a conviction by the judges applying Emergency Measure No. 9 constitutes an independent tort. While most of the justices denied or avoided the legal liability of the judges, two justices Kim and Oh acknowledged the liability of judges and clearly highlighted the calling of judges as guardians of the law. As long as the unconstitutionality of Emergency Measure No. 9 is serious and obvious, it is self-evident that the application of such unconstitutional criminal law is unlawful and culpable. If a judge were forced to sentence a conviction under the threat of life, this situation could exclude the responsibility of the judge. However, it seems that such circumstances did not actually exist. Therefore it is questionable, both legally and morally, that the Supreme Court justices neither acknowledged the responsibility of the judges who applied the bad law, nor even made an official apology on behalf of the entire legal profession. 긴급조치 제9호에 대한 2022년 대법원 전원합의체 판결은 국가배상책임 법리에서 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 대법관들은 세부적인 쟁점에 대해서는 견해차를 드러냈으나 국가책임을 인정하는 데에 의견일치를 보여주었다. 다수의견은 긴급조치의 적용과정에 관여한 공무원들의 개별적 책임을 특정하는 대신에 일련의 국가작용과 같은 마술적 우산 아래 국가의 책임을 개괄적으로 인정하였다. 긴급조치를 적용한 법관의 유죄판결이 독자적인 불법행위를 구성하는지를 둘러싸고 대법관들의 견해는 첨예하게 갈렸다. 대다수 대법관이 법관의 불법행위책임을 부인하거나 회피하는 반면, 김선수·오경미 대법관만 법관의 책임을 인정하고 법의 수호자로서 법관의 소명을 뚜렷하게 부각했다. 긴급조치 제9호의 위헌성이 중대하고 명백하다면 그러한 처벌법의 적용은 위법하고 유책이라는 점도 자명하다. 만일 법관이 생명의 위협 아래 유죄판결을 선고하도록 강요당했다고 한다면 이러한 사정은 법관의 책임을 조각할 수 있다. 그러나 그러한 사정은 실제로 존재하지 않았던 것으로 보인다. 그런데도 전원합의체 판결에서 대법관들이 악법을 적용했던 법관들의 책임을 인정하지도 않고, 법조의 대표자로서 공식적 사과조차 하지 않은 것은 법리적으로나 도의적으로도 의문스럽다.