한국여가문화연구

이옥주 (Ok Joo Lee) 고려대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1997 스포츠문화과학연구 Vol.9 No.0

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중국어 방언 성조 분포 연구

이옥주(Lee, Ok Joo),이경민(Lee, Kyungmin) 한국중어중문학회 2020 中語中文學 Vol.- No.81

Earlier literature on tones of Chinese dialects tends to describe a tonal inventory and tone sandhi of an individual dialect or diachronic changes across dialects. However, a typological explanation of tonal systems across various Chinese dialects is still in need to understand the language specific features of Chinese tones as well as their similarities with other tone languages. This paper collects tones from 738 dialects of Chinese and examines the tone distribution from a typological perspective. Results of the paper reveal several important features of Chinese tones: (1) Chinese has significantly larger inventories than tone languages in general. (2) The frequency pattern of ‘level > fall > rise > concave > convex’ found in tone languages shows a negative relation between tonal markedness and distribution. Chinese dialects, however, are not in line with this frequency pattern, i.e., the relative frequency among level, fall, and rise may vary. (3) The most distinctive specificity pertaining to level tone in Chinese is that high register is notably favored for level tone. (4) The balanced distribution between fall and rise and that between concave and convex in terms of pitch register found in tone languages are not shown in Chinese. Rather, fall and rise seem to favor low register and high register, respectively. (5) Complex contour tones appear to realize within the same register rather than across registers. (6) Tones treated as checked tone in a Chinese philological tradition tend to realize as level. Given the paucity of comparative research on Chinese dialects and other tone languages, the findings of the present study contribute to achieve a better understanding of not only the tonal systems of Chinese dialects but also the tonal universals across languages.

논문 : 멀티미디어와 중국어교육 -교실 수업에서 활용되는 멀티미디어의 학습 효과에 대한 학습자의 인식 연구

이옥주 ( Ok Joo Lee ) 중국어문학회 2007 中國語文學誌 Vol.25 No.-

중국 시에 반영된 말소리 도상성 고찰 - 당(唐)대 도망시와 변새시를 중심으로

이옥주 ( Lee Ok Joo ),이수정 ( Lee Soo Jeong ) 한국중국언어학회 2020 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.86

No argument can be made against the arbitrary relationship between the sounds of a word and the meaning behind that word. The onomatopoeia may be regarded as the only exception to this universal property. However, recent studies in a laboratory setting have found that speakers of different languages appear to be consistent in associating certain sounds to a group of particular meanings. This sound effects on word meaning can be called sound iconicity. In order to understand sound iconicity in Chinese, the present study examined the reconstructed sounds of the Tang poems. In particular, two genres of the Tang poems, namely, daowangshi and biansaishi, were examined. These two genres were chosen since they represent opposing poetic characteristics; daowangshi expresses the deepest sorrow of a poet mourning for the death of a loved one, while biansaishi often depicts a courageous and heroic figure at war sites. Results of this study find: (1) the relationship between sound and meaning may not be a direct connection between a single sound feature and a certain meaning. Rather a group of features may be responsible for certain meanings or feelings. (2) Openness of vowels may play a role in expressing different poetic modalities, e.g., sadness vs. courageousness. (3) Despite much discussion on the tonal difference among different genres of traditional Chinese poems, tonal effects may not be immediately observable. Further statistical research is warranted to attest the relation between tone and rhyme schemes and poetic themes.

갑상선유두암에서 갑상선전절제술과 중심경부림프절절제술 후 발생하는 저칼슘혈증 예측 인자 연구

이옥주(Ok Joo Lee),김형철(Hyung Chul Kim),임철완(Cheol Wan Lim),신응진(Eung Jin Shin),조규석(Gyou Suk Cho),정준철(Jun Chul Jung),정귀애(Gui Ae Jung),김지선(Zisun Kim),정재홍(Jae Hong Jeong),최규성(Kyusung Choi),한선욱(Sun Wook Han),허 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection (CLND) is a treatment modality of choice for thyroid cancer. Hypocalcemia is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between surgery-related clinical factors and postoperative hypocalcemia. Methods: A prospective analysis was performed for 101 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with CLND for papillary cancer from June 2013 to June 2014. Correlation between clinicopathologic factors and postoperative hypocalcemia was analyzed. Results: Based on the postoperative day-2 calcium, 56 patients (55%) developed hypo-calcemia and 45 patients (45%) were normal. No significant differences in histopathologic (tumor size, tumor focality, histologic type, number of retrieved lymph nodes, metastatic lymph node, thyroiditis, retrieved parathyroid gland) findings were observed between the hypocalcemia group and normal calcium group. Mean value of the postoperative day-0 parathyroid hormone (PTH) was significantly lower in the hypocalcemia group (hypoca1cemia group: 14.3±9.4 pg/mL; normal group: 25.0±16.4 pg/mL; P<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, postoperative PTH was a factor significantly affecting postoperative hypocalcemia (OR 0.93; CI: 0.90-0.97; P<0.001). In ROC analysis, the cut-off value of PTH was 19.965 (sensitivity 79%, specificity 58%), and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.709 (95% CI: 0.607-0.811). Conclusion: Postoperative PTH was a factor predicting hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy with CLND. Use of postoperative PTH as a screening tool for prediction of postoperative hypocalcemia would be useful in management of patients with hypocal-cemia.

표준중국어 성조 분포의 유형적 특성

이옥주(Lee, Ok Joo) 한국중어중문학회 2018 中語中文學 Vol.- No.74

Earlier literature on tones of Chinese tends to report the tonal inventory and tone sandhi observed in a certain variety of the language. However, given that Chinese is one of the major tonal languages, a typological investigation of Chinese tones is needed to achieve a better understanding of not only the tonal systems of the Chinese varieties but also the universals of tones across languages. To understand the Mandarin tones from a typological perspective, this study examines the tonal distribution patterns in 518 tonal languages collected in PHOBLIE and compares them with the tonal distribution analyzed from a Mandarin lexicon corpus. Results of a quantitative analysis of the two corpora reveal several important typological features of the tone types and distribution of Mandarin as well as tonal languages in general: (1) Approximately 63% of the tonal languages contain 2 or 3 tone types, and about 19% of the languages, including Mandarin, contain 4 tone types, (2) Implicational relation between tone types (e.g., the existence of contour tone(s) implies the existence of level tone(s)) are observed both across tonal languages and in Mandarin. (3) The distribution pattern of ‘level tone > simple contour tone > complex contour tone’, which is in negative relation with tone markedness, is found across tonal languages. However, falling tone(T4) being the most frequently occurring tone type, Mandarin shows the distribution of ‘simple contour tone > level tone > complex contour tone’.

소주(蘇州)방언 성조의 음운체계 고찰

이옥주(Lee, Ok Joo) 한국중어중문학회 2016 中語中文學 Vol.0 No.66

This study aims to provide a phonological analysis of the tonal system of the Suzhou dialect, which is one of the most representative varieties of Wu Chinese. Though much scholarly attention has been paid to its phonological features such as rich inventory of vowels and initials, our understanding of its prosodic system is still limited. This study captures the phonologically crucial features of the Suzhou tones and tone sandhi phenomenon by proposing a tonal system based not on Chao’s 5-level tonal scale but tonal features (i.e., H, M, L). It further shows that the tone sandhi process can be explained by tone deletion, spreading, L insertion in the left-dominant prosodic structure and demonstrates that stress related prominence needs to be taken into consideration in the Suzhou tone studies. It is suggested that phonetic studies are in need to understand the interaction between tonal behaviour and such factors as morphosyntax and language register (e.g., written vs. vernacular styles).

L2 Prosody : An Acoustic Analysis of L1 Mandarin Speakers’ Korean Tonal Patterns

李玉珠(Lee, Ok-joo) 중국어문학연구회 2012 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.77

본 연구는 유형학적으로 중요한 차이를 보이는 표준중국어와 한국어의 운율 체계를 비교하고, L1 표준중국어화자의L2 한국어운율발화를음향·음성학적으로분석하여L2 운율체계에 대한논의를진행하는것을목적으로한다. 이를위하여, L1과L2 발화에나타나는한국어강세구(Accentual Phrase)와 억양구(Intonational Phrase)의 성조 유형을 실험음성학적으로 분석하고, L1에 부재하는 L2 운율 요소의 음운적, 음성적 자질의 습득 양상과 특징을 논의하였다. 또한 L2 발화에 일반적으로 영향을 미치는 요인인 발화 계획 전략의 제약(speech planning strategy constraint)이나 음역 축소, L2 발달 정도(developmental stage)가 한국어 AP와 IP 성조습득에미치는영향을통계적으로분석함으로써, L2 운율체계에나타나는개별성과보편성에 대한 논의의 토대를 제공한 데에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

중국어 음성합성: 진단과 과제

이옥주 ( Lee Ok Joo ) 한국중국어문학회 2021 中國文學 Vol.106 No.-

Recent years have witnessed the remarkable improvement of speech synthesis technology, which is a fundamental component of numerous AI programs. Chinese text-to-speech technology, which has been also rapidly improved, is used in a variety of programs for language teaching and learning as well as automatic translation. This paper examines major problems with Chinese synthesized speech in several widely-used programs, and discusses the prosodic modeling and the types of speech database that can be used to enhance the naturalness of synthesized speech sounds. It further notes that an increasing body of interdisciplinary research between phonetics and engineering may help to develop new analytic methods in the field of Chinese phonology and phonetics.

초음파와 동결/융해에 의한 실크/PVA 하이드로젤의 제조 및 특성 평가

이옥주(Ok Joo Lee),김정호(Jung Ho Kim),주형우(Hyung Woo Ju),문보미(Bo Mi Moon),박현정(Hyun Jung Park),Faheem A Sheikh,박찬흠(Chan Hum Park) 한국고분자학회 2013 폴리머 Vol.37 No.6

실크 피브로인과 poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)는 뛰어난 생체적합성과 수용성을 가져 생체의학 분야에서 주목하는 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 실크 피브로인과 PVA를 초음파와 동결/융해 방법으로 드레싱제로서 사용 가능한 하이드로젤을 제조하고자 하였다. 실크와 PVA를 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100 비율로 혼합하였다. 제작한 하이드로젤을 FE-SEM, TGA, FTIR, 압축 강도 측정 등을 통해 물성을 분석하였다. 실크/PVA 하이드로젤은 PVA 함량이 증가할수록 공극 크기와 팽윤도는 감소하였으며, 젤의 강도는 증가하였다. PVA를 첨가함으로써 실크의 기계적 물성이향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제조된 실크/PVA 하이드로젤은 드레싱제로서 사용 가능성을 제시하였다. Biomaterials like silk fibroin (SF) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have received increasing attention in biomedical applications because of their attractive properties such as hydrophobicity and biocompatibility. In this study, efficient systems consisting of interpenetrating SF/PVA hydrogels were prepared as potential candidate for wound dressing applications. A simple approach consisting of sonication and a freezing-thawing technique was adopted to fabricate the hydrogels. Different blend ratios consisting of SF (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0%) with respect to the weight of PVA were prepared. The produced hydrogels were characterized for physico-chemical investigations using various states of techniques like; FE-SEM, TGA, FTIR and tensile strength. The addition of PVA to SF was proved to be beneficial in terms of reducing the pore size and swelling ratio of hydrogels. The mechanical property of SF had been increased by addition of PVA. These results show that SF/PVA hydrogels may serve as potential candidates for wound dressing application.