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철학에서의 페미니즘 수용과 그에 따른 철학 체계의 변화
이상화 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2000 여성학논집 Vol.17 No.-
The reception of feminisms in philosophy is theorizing feminism philosophically, and this entails the process of reflecting and changing philosophy itself according to the position in relation to the feminist practice. Feminisms reveal that logocentrism within traditional philosophy is nothing but another name of male centrism. By emphasizing the superiority of male, reason, spirit, and mind, the hierarchical dualism of philosophy reflects and normalizes the patriarchal gender hierarchy with the result of devaluing women. Despite the strong criticism of traditional philosophy, however, feminisms have essential connections with philosophy, because feminist theorization cannot but be based on the questions of human nature, identity, knowledge, and ethical values which are fundamental questions of philosophy. Feminist theories, therefore, attempt to transform philosophical paradigms through formulation of feminist philosophy by overcoming gender blindness of traditional philosophy. The reception of feminism in philosophy in Korea has proceeded from reading, debating works of Western feminist philosophers and reflecting the realities of Korean philosophy and women. Having been introduced to the debates of feminist epistemology and ethics women philosophers have discussed the possibilities of feminist epistemology and questioned whether the deconstructionist strategy is valid in feminism or not. One of the most significant characteristics revealed in this process is that most Korean women philosophers are deeply interested in the practical implications of theories. The common interest in feminist epistemology is the search for "a wider practical base in which epistemology is combined with politics" which could change the oppressive realities Korean women are faced with. Such practical interests explain the special interest among Korean women philosopher's in feminist ethics among various fields of feminist philosophy. It is in the field of ethics where the most research papers are published. In this field the double standard of norms embedded in traditional ethics has been critiqued and attempts are made for new ethics. Here, the primary controversy is related to the question whether it is sufficient to add feminine values to existing ethics or it is necessary to build a completely new paradigm. Most feminist philosophers share the thought that a new paradigm in ethics, beyond adding on to the existing ethics. Toward this goal various interdisciplinary research have been conducted. We welcome recent attempts to connect feminism and Confucian philosophy as an effort to establish Korean feminist philosophy. Confucian ideas have served as the theoretical base of women's oppression in East Asia. The feminist interest in Confucian ideas lies in the recognition that Confucianism has intervened in the formation of our identity and it still exerts some regulating power over our realities. Starting with the interest in the relational ethics of Confucianism, some western feminists attempt to fond some resemblance of care ethics and ethics of in (wisdom) in Confucianism. However, Korean feminist philosophers launched the criticism and reinterpretation of Confucianism emphasizing that the critical investigation on practical application of Confucian theories is indispensable.
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이상화,이준범 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 1997 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.1
This study has been performed to investigate some effects of various deformation and hardness on flat rolling of wire rod, AISI 1045 steel by spheroidizing treatment and normal treatment. Also the relation between reduction of rolling ratio and width spread ratio, by measuring hardness of flat rolled, was derived. The following are showing the results derived from flat rolling. 1. Width spread ratio, regardless of heat treated microstructure, is proportional to increasing of reduction of rolling ratio on flat rolling. 2. Spheroidized heat treated material, compared to normal material, have more elongation on rolling direction than width spread ratio. 3. Width spread ratio is rose a little more in normal material than in spheroidized heat treated material, but rolling extreme work limit property is diminished. 4. Width spread ratio(width/thickness) has nothing to do with the influence of structures. 5. With increase of the reduction of rolling ratio, hardness is lower on vertical directions than on horizontal directions, Consequently it shows that width deformation rate is increased than thickness deformation rate on flat rolling
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Ether 및 Methoxyflurane 마취가 가토폐포 표면활성물질의 활성도에 미치는 영향
이상화 대한마취과학회 1973 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.6 No.2
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of ether anesthesia on the surfactant system of the lung, and little has been known on the effects of methoxyflurane anesthesia on the activity of the pulmonary surfactant. In the present study, an effort was made to observe and clarify possible effects of ether and methoxyflurane anesthesia on the activity of surfactant of the rabbit lung extracts, subjecting the rabbit to the light or deep anesthesia with the anesthetics by the non-rebreathing system. Tension-area (T-A) diagram of the lung extract was recorded automatically by a modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate during the entire stages of anesthesia were also recorded. The surface tension of the lung extracts, arterial blood pressure and heart rate thus obtained were compared with those of the non-anesthetized control group, and the results are summarized as follows: 1. The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, width of the T-A diagram at the surface area of 40% and stability index of the control group were 35.15±4.49 dynes/cm, 12.40±2.73 dynes/cm, 18.15±4.0 dynes/cm and 0.96±0.23, respectively. 2. No significant difference was observed in the activity of surfactant of the lung extract prepared from the rabbit anesthetized with ether or methoxyflurane throughout the entire experiment. 3. In the ether anesthesia group, arterial blood pressure decreased gradually from the control value of 102.38±10.99 mmHg as the anesthesia deepened. The heart rate was slightly elevated in light stages of ether anesthesia from the control value of 284.95±35.91/min, but 120 min after deep anesthesia the heart rate returned to the control value. 4. Anesthesia with methoxyflurane produced a significantly decreased arterial blood pressure from the beginning and throughout the entire anesthesia stage. The heart rate did not change significantly througbout the entire anesthesia compripg with the control. 5. The above results suthat the inhalation anesthesia with ether or methoxyflurane do not produce any significant change in the activity of pulmonary surfactant.
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