대만인 학습자의 한자어 오류 연구-대만 국립가오슝대학교 초중급 학습자를 대상으로-

이경보 ( Lee Kyong Bo ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2018 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.50 No.-

This study divides the errors of Sino-Koreans made by Chinese language learners into semantic errors and grammatical errors for analysis, and lists the types of errors and their distribution. Lastly, this study uses the type “Sino-Koreans of Korean vs. Chinese” to observe the distribution of learners’ errors. The semantic errors appear in the following order: 179 semantic errors caused by differences in native language (60.0%) > 50 errors of synonymous relationship (16.7%) > 29 errors of stylistic differences (9.7%) > 23 errors of native language transfer (7.7%) > 11 errors of collocation (3.6%). The semantic differences and stylistic differences from native language belong to native language interference. Errors of native language transfer include learning strategies, synonymous relationships, and collocations, which can be viewed as the influences of target language. For grammatical errors, word formation errors account for 76.6%, and syntactic errors account for 23.3%. Word formation errors include the following types of errors: suffix changes (46 errors; 33.5%), word building (43 errors; 31.3%), and case particles (16 errors; 11.6%). Grammatical errors are mainly caused by insufficient learning of grammar system of target language. The analysis on the type Sino-Koreans of Korean vs. Chinese shows that the order of errors is as follows: false friends > homomorphic synonym > allographic synonyms > homographs. (National University of Kaohsiung)

일본어 번역을 통해 보는 `-어지다` 문장의 특성

이경보 ( Lee Kyong Bo ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.30 No.-

The “passive” meanings and functions of “-어지다” has long been the mainstream in the past academia. However, in recent years, many studies have also indicated that it has the meanings of “intransitivisation,” “change of state,” and “occurrence of change.” This study used the Japanese translation corresponding to “-어지다” to analyze and investigate the sentences containing “-어지다.” This study also reviewed the meanings and functions indicated in the past research results again. When being translated into Japanese, “-어지다” sentences can be divided into the following 6 types: intransitive verb(59.0%), passive(13.2%), spontaneous(9.2%), transitive verb(7.1%), possible(3.3%), and `te aru(/iru)`(1.4%). These 6 types are translated according to the nature of verbs, sentence structures, and meanings of sentences or context. The similarity of these 6 types of translated sentences is [-Agentive] and [-will]. In addition, there is consistency between the so-called [-Agentive] and [-will] and “occurrence of change.” They are also associated with “intransitivisation.” However, there is inconsistency between [-Agentive] and “passive” presentation.

한국어 한자어에서 '이다' '하다'가 결합하는 양상

이경보 ( Lee Kyong Bo ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2017 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.47 No.-

In addition to "-hada", some vocabularies can also be combined with "-ida" to function as predicates when the verbal or descriptive verb language roots of Sino-Koreans are used as predicates, while some cannot be combined with "-ida". This study explored practical corpus to analyze the predicate forms of descriptive verb or verbal language roots. There are naming behavior and naming state in "verbal or descriptive verb language roots plus ida" in terms of meanings of vocabularies and features of word formation. When in reference and reference to real objects, it is shown that the naming behavior indicates a structure of attributes while the naming state indicates a sentence structure of reference in addition to attributes. Whether or not a root is nominal is closely related to whether it can be combined with "-ida" in the aspect of speech. Generally, a non-nominal root can only be combined with "-hada". On the contrary, nominal roots can be divided into two types of predicates, one can only be combined with "-hada", and the other can be combined with both "-hada" and "-ida". Roots with the same parts of speech, due to its lexical meaning, independence and characters of word formation with "-ida", are different in the combination of "-ida" and "-hada". (National University of Kaohsiung)

한국어 한자어의 문법적인 특징 및 쓰임의 양상

이경보 ( Lee Kyong Bo ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2016 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.45 No.-

This study is based on three perspectives, namely, grammatical features, i.e. case system, narrative function and modification function, to analyze and describe Sino-Koreans. Sino-Koreans can be classified into 15 categories according to features of syntax and morphology. The majority of categories include words of atypical grammatical features. Among the 15 types, [+ N] is dominant, and also many types have more than 2 types of grammatical features. In respect of the characteristics of part of speech of Sino-Koreans, the author indicates that Sino-Koreans include multi-category words and tentative usage. Multi-category words are associated with the inherent independence and polysemy of Sino-Koreans originating from Chinese, and also with word formation of native Korean words derived from affix. With regard to tentative usage, the author also suggests that it is especially closely related to nominal characteristics. This study also explores the addition of and restriction on nominal usage. (National University of Kaohsiung)

중국어권 학습자에게서 나타나는 ‘을/를’의 오류 원인

이경보 ( Kyong Bo Lee ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2014 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.41 No.-

The study indicates the three error causes when the Chinese students learn the auxiliary word ‘(l)eul’ as below: the meaning and the characteristics of ‘(l)eul’ itself, the differences between target language and mother tongue, and the teaching methods of teaching ‘(l)eul’. We point out that it is difficult to fully understand and express the meaning of ‘(l)eul’ itself because of its characteristics and the different usages with other transitive verbs. The differences between target language and mother tongue show the dissimilarities between ‘(l)eul’ and ‘賓語’ and the differences of transitive verb between Korean and Chinese language. In addition, we state the influences of learning ‘(l)eul’. Furthermore, regarding the teaching methods of teaching ‘(l)eul’ in the current Korean teaching materials, we emphasize that the current materials cannot fully cover the meaning and characteristics of ‘(l)eul’. The current teaching materials cannot prevent native tongue-interference when learning Korean language. On the contrary, they will increase native tongue-interference. Based on the above three error causes, we propose a teaching method designed for the Chinese students to learn Korean language.

국산밀 재배시 가축분뇨 액비 시용이 토양 및 수량에 미치는 영향

조광민(Kwang-Min Cho),이상복(Sang-Bok Lee),강천식(Chun-Sik Kang),정영근(Young-Guen Chung),이경보(Kyong-Bo Lee),박기훈(Ki-Hoon Park) 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.5

토양생태와 질 (토양오염)

정광용(Kwang-Yong Jung),김원일(Won-Il Kim),김정규(Jeong-Gyu Kim),김태승(Tae-Seung Kim),노기안(Kee-An Roh),정덕영(Doug-Young Chung),양재의(Jae E Yang),이경보(Kyong-Bo Lee),이덕배(Deog-Bae Lee),이종식(Jong-Sik Lee),윤순강(Sun-Gang Yun) 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.S1

새만금 간척지에서 토양 염농도별 동계 사료작물의 생육 및 수량

백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),김택겸 ( Teak Kyum Kim ),양창휴 ( Chang Hyu Yang ),김선 ( Sun Kim ),남정권 ( Jeong Kwon Nam ),이상복 ( Sang Bok Lee ),최원영 ( Weon Young Choi ),김시주 ( Si Ju Kim ),이경보 ( Kyong Bo Lee ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

To examine the possibility of cultivation of winter fodder crops at Saemangeum reclaimed land, barley, rye, wheat, triticale, and oat were cultivated under the various ranges of saline soils from autumn 2009 to the spring 2011, and their growth and yields were evaluated. emergence and seedling stand rate were 84 and 79% at non-salinity soil plot, 64 to 73% at 0.2% saline soil plots, 40 to 52% at 0.3% saline soil plots, and 22 to 37% at 0.4% saline soil plot, respectively. those of rye, wheat, triticale, and barely were similar, however those of oats were relatively low. Yields of fresh and dry matter were 66 to 77% level at 0.2% saline soil plot and 30 to 61 % level at over 0.3% saline soil plots compared with the yields at non-saline soil plot. Fresh matter were high in order of rye>wheat>barely>triticale>oat. and dry matter were high in order of wheat>rye=barley>tricale>oat. Thus, considering these results, Soil salinity below 0.2% were available to cultivation of winter fodder corps and rye, wheat, barely and triticale were available crops in Saemangeum recalimed land.

ACCase 및 ALS 저해 제초제들에 대한 저항성 강피의 반응과 대체약제들의 효과

박태선(Tae-Seon Park),구본일(Bon-Il Ku),강신구(Sin-Koo Kang),최민규(Min-Kyu Choi),박홍규(Hong-Kyu Park),이경보(Kyong-Bo Lee),고재권(Jae-Kwon Ko) 韓國雜草學會 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.30 No.3

ACCase 저해해제인 cyhalofop-butyl과 ALS 저해제인 penoxsulam은 한국의 직파재배 논에서 수년 동안 경엽 처리용으로 사용되어지고 있다. 그러나 2009년 이후 익산, 김제, 부안에서 이들 제초제를 사용한 벼 직파재배 논에서 강피 약효에 대한 민원이 증가하고 있다. ACCase 및 ALS 저해제 저항성으로 추정되는 강피를 3개 지역에서 수집하여 온실조건에서 cyhalofop-butyl과 penoxsulam에 대한 저항성 정도를 검증하였다. 익산과 김제의 수집종은 cyhalofop-butyl과 penoxsulam의 추천량에서 완전 생존하였으며, 부안 수집종은 약 60% 생존하였다. 온실조건에서 화본과 잡초인 피를 방제를 위한 ACCase 및 ALS 저해제들 이 혼합된 제초제들을 강피 3.5엽기에 처리한 결과 무처리 대비 생존율은 80% 이상으로 나타났다. 파종 및 이앙전 처리제들인 oxadiazon EC, pyrazolate SC, pretilachlor EC, benzobicyclon+thiobencarb SE들은 강피 0.5엽기에서 효과적이었으며, benzobicyclon+fentrazamide+bensulfuron SC, benzobicyclon+mefenacet+bensulfuron SC 그리고 benzobicyclone+cafenstrole+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl GR은 강피 2엽기까지 효과적으로 방제하였다. 포장실험에서 benzobicyclon+fentrazamide+bensulfuron SC과 benzobicyclon+mefenacet+bensulfuron SC의 단일처리에서는 저항성 강피의 방제에 실패하였으나, benzobicyclon+thiobencarb SE와 benzobicyclon+mefenacet+bensulfuron SC의 체계처리는 강피를 효과적으로 방제하였다. 따라서 강피의 익산, 김제 수집종은 cyhalofop-butyl과 penoxsulam에 대하여 강한 저항성을 보였으나, 작용기작이 다른 cafenstrole, fentrazamibe, mefenacet에 의해 2엽기 이내에는 효과적으로 방제되었다. Cybalofop-butyl and penoxsulam, known for respective acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, have been widely using as a post-emergence foliar application for many years in wet-seeded rice field in Korea. Since 2009, control of Echinochloa oryzoides with cyhalofop-butyl and penoxsulam was no longer satisfactory. Greenhouse and experiment in rice field were conducted to confirm E. oryzoides resistance to ACCase and ALS inhibitors and to compare herbicide treatments for control of the resistant E. oryzoides to ACCase and ALS inhibitors. Three resistant E. oryzoides to ACCase and ALS inhibitors accessions were tested for levels of resistance to cyhalofop-butyl and penoxsulam, base on survival rate. Iksan and Kimje accessions were not any affected to the survival by treatment with recommended doses of two herbicides tested. Buan accession displayed an intermediate response of 62 and 72% survival at recommended doses of cyhalofop-butyl and penoxsulam, respectively. Survival rates to herbicides mixed with ACCase and ALS inhibitors at 3.5 leaf stage of E. oryzoides was over 80%. Benzobicyclon+fentrazamide+bensulfuron SC, benzobicyclon+mefenacet+bensulfuron SC, benzobicyclone-cafenstrole+pyrazosulfuron-ethyl GR controlled effectively by 2 leaf stage of resistant E. oryzoides to ACCase and ALS inhibitors. In the field experiment, single treatment of benzobicyclon+ fentrazamide+bensulfuron SC and benzobicyclon+mefenacet+bensulfuron SC failed to control E. oryzoides, but squential treatment of benzobicyclon+thiobencarb SE and benzobicyclon+ mefenacet+bensulfuron SC controlled effectively it in rice infant seedling culture with machine. Our results suggest that resistant E. oryzoides to ACCase and ALS inhibitors had not developed multiple resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. In particular, cafenstrole, fentrazamide, mefenacet were effective control measures.