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배병대(Bae Byeong-Dae) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.7
본 논문의 목적은 도덕적 탐구를 유학의 관점에서 고찰하여 그 의의를 제시하는데 있다. 도덕적 탐구는 도덕과 교육과정에서 강조하는 ‘도덕함’ 의 방법으로 도덕적 성찰과 함께 중요한 축을 담당하고 있다. 도덕적 탐구는 듀이의 탐구 개념을 윤리학 적 방식으로 적용한 개념으로 방법론적 연구는 활발히 진행되었으나, 그 철학적 접근은 매우 미미할 뿐만 아니라 지나치게 추론 중심의 인지 발달 이론에 치우쳐 있다. 그러므로 이 논문에서는 도덕적 탐구에 대한 철학적 연구로서 주역과 궁리를 중심으로 유학적 접근을 시도하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 몇 가지 의의를 도출하였다. 첫째, 도덕적 탐구의 대상이 도덕 문제에만 한정될 것이 아니라 다양한 영역으로 확장 되어야 한다. 둘째, 도덕적 탐구의 주체인 학습자의 사고에만 치중할 것이 아니라 마음 상태에도 관심을 가져야 한다. 마지막으로 모든 문제 상황을 적극적 방법으로 해결하는 것이 능사가 아니며, 때로는 올곧음으로 인내할 필요도 있다. 이상의 도덕적 탐구에 대한 유학적 접근의 연구가 도덕적 탐구에 대한 시야를 넓혀주어 앞으로 도덕과에서 추구하는 도덕적 탐구의 방향 설정에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다. The purposes of this study were to examine moral inquiry from a Confucian perspective and propose its significance. Moral inquiry is a method of being moral, which is emphasized in the Morality curriculum, and makes an important axis along with moral reflection. Moral inquiry is a concept of applying Dewey s inquiry concept in an ethical fashion. There have been active researches on its methodologies, but philosophical approaches to it have been excessively inclined toward inference-based cognitive development theories as well as extremely poor. Therefore, in this paper, we attempted to approach the Confucian approach to the philosophical study of moral inquiry focusing on the Zhouyi and the Gungri. As a result, the following several points were derived: First, the subjects of moral inquiry should be expanded to various areas instead of being limited to moral issues. Secondly, interest should be taken in the mind state of learners, the subjects of moral inquiry, in addition to focusing on their thinking. Finally, there should be researches on the gradual stages of moral inquiry. This research on moral inquiry in a Confucian approach will hopefully help to broaden the view of moral inquiry and set the direction of moral inquiry sought after by the Morality subject.
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공자의 직(直) 개념에 기초한 도덕과 ‘정직’ 교육에 관한 연구
배병대 ( Bae Byeong-dae ) 한국초등도덕교육학회 2023 초등도덕교육 Vol.- No.81
The honesty education, which is currently taught in the elementary moral department, is likely to be neglected as the age of the learning target decreases in the 2022 curriculum. This study has a sense of problem that research on honesty needs to be expanded and applied, and found the academic basis for honesty in Confucius' Jik(直). First, through the analysis of Confucius's Analects, it was found that Jik was widely used as straight, stiff, and honesty. And, based on Confucius' Jik, it was suggested that the meaning of 'honesty' be used correctly in Moral subject education, and that honest education be conducted in all grades. And I hope that this strengthening of education on honesty will not destroy our moral order by hypocrites who Confucius is wary of.
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유교의 종교적 변용 연구 -성호학파의 상제관을 중심으로-
배병대 ( Bae¸ Byeong-dae ) 한국동서철학회 2021 동서철학연구 Vol.- No.101
In general, Confucianism is not considered a religion because there are some institutional and formal conditions not met such as temples, religions, and priests, but the more fundamental reason is that Confucianism is non-faithful. However, this paper reveals the signs of developing a religious character in Confucianism by studying views of Sangje(上帝) from the Korean Confucian scholars called Seongho School in the 18th and 19th centuries. Specifically, we looked at Seongho Ik, the head of Seongho School, and his descendants Sunam Ahn Jeongbok and Dasan Jeong Yak-yong. They succeeded in reviving their personalities in High God, which were thoroughly excluded by Zhu Xi, on the basis of the old scriptures. In addition, the nature of primitive natural gods, which remained in the old scriptures, was removed, and the uncertainty of the creation deity was revealed more clearly. Sangje, which derives personality, presidency, and creativity from Neo-Confucianism, is no longer a symbolic existence of philosophical principles called Li(理), but a subject of faith. Although it may not be said that these changes in the view of Sangje have made Confucianism entirely religious, they can at least be seen as a sign of religious transformation of Confucianism.
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녹문 임성주의 수양론 연구 ― <맹자부동심장설>을 중심으로 ―
배병대 ( Bae Byeong-dae ) 동양철학연구회 2019 동양철학연구 Vol.97 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to express its structure and character of the Nokmoon Lim Seungju's self-cultivation theory by focusing on ‘explanation of the Mengzibudongxin(孟子不動心)’. Nokmoon, the top six Neo-Confucianist of Joseon Dynasty, made ‘liqidongshil(理氣同實)’ and 'simseongilchi(心性一致)' the core of his studies. He points to the origins of evil as a acquired Sajae(渣滓), not as a difference of natural temperament. In this paper, we first look at the theory of self-interest in greenback. First, this study looks at Nokmoon's theory of ‘liqisimseong(理氣心性)’ in relation to theory of ‘Sajae(渣滓)’. Nokmoon gets out of the 'lidongqiyi(理同氣異)' frame and presents purity of qi(氣) as the main body in terms of ‘liqidongshil(理氣同實)’. And the Sajae(渣滓), which is the residue of pure qi(氣), can affect mind(心) and nature(性) but it is a temporary phenomenon that is removed naturally through the self-cultivation. Next, this study analyzes his ‘explanation of the Mengzibudongxin(孟子不動心)’ to reveal the structure and character of the Nokmoon's self-cultivation theory. This paper focuses on the contents of ‘budongxin methods from BeigongYou(北宮黝) to Gaozi(告子)’, ‘Keep the will(持志) and don't make the qi vicious(無暴其氣)’, ‘the relationship between meaning and qi’, ‘Righteousness and the Way are a match for being qi(配義與道)', 'the accumulation of righteousness(集義)', 'Be sure to work on cultivating Haoranzhiqi(浩然之氣) but do not anticipate the effects(必有事焉,而勿正)', 'Don't forget your heart and do not encourage it(心勿忘,勿助長)', 'the relation of Zhiyan(知言) and Yangqi(養氣)'. Finally, this study highlights structure and character of Nokmoon's self-cultivation theory based on analysis of a Nokmoon's ‘explanation of the Mengzibudongxin(孟子不動心)’. This paper considers Nokmoon's self-cultivation theory as a structure through which Nei-wai(內外), Dong-Jing(動靜), and t'i-yung(體用) penetrate vertically and horizontally, and claims that there are kyoung(敬) and chizhi(持志) at the core.
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