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Ni-Mn 산화물 NTC 서미스터의 미세구조와 전기적 특성에 미치는 ZrO<sub>2</sub>첨가의 효과
박경순,방대영,윤성진,최병현 한국세라믹학회 2003 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.40 No.1
Ni-Mn 산화물 NTC 서미스터의 미세구조와 전기적 특성에 미치는 Zr $O_2$ 첨가의 효과를 연구하였다. Zr $O_2$를 포함하는 Ni-Mn-Zr 산화물 소결체의 주요 상은 입방정 스피넬 구조를 가지는 NiO-Mn$_3$ $O_4$-Zr $O_2$의 고용체와 정방정 결정구조를 가지는 Zr $O_2$ 상이였다. Zr $O_2$의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 Ni-Mn-Zr산화물의 고용체를 형성하지 못하고 생성된 Zr $O_2$의 양이 증가하였다. NiO-Mn$_3$ $O_4$-Zr $O_2$ NTC 서미스터에 있어서 절대온도 역수(l/T)에 대한 로그 비저항(log $ho$)은 직선적인 관계가 있었고, 비저항, B$_{140}$320/정수 및 활성화 에너지는 Zr $O_2$ 함량이 증가함에 따라 크게 증가하였다. The effect of$ZrO_2$addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of Ni-Mn oxide NTC thermistors was studied. Major phases present in the sintered bodies of $Ni_{1.0}Mn_{2-x}Zr_xO_4$ were the solid solutions of Ni-Mn-Zr oxides with a cubic spinel structure and the $ZrO_2$ with a tetragonal structure. The $ZrO_2$ was formed by the partial decomposition or incomplete formation of the Ni-Mn-Zr oxides during sintering. With increasing the amount of added $ZrO_2$, the $ZrO_2$ phase increased. The relationship between log resistivity (log p) and the reciprocal of absolute temperature (1/T) of the NTC thermistors prepared was linear, indicative of NTC characteristics. The resistivity, B constant and activation energy of the thermistors increased with increasing $ZrO_2$ content.
Ni-Mn-Co-Fe 산화물 후막 NTC 서미스터의 제조 및 전기적 특성
박경순,방대영,윤성진,최병현,Park, Kyeong-Soon,Bang, Dae-Young,Yun, Sung-Jin,Choi, Byung-Hyun 한국세라믹학회 2002 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.39 No.10
스크린 인쇄법을 이용하여 알루미나 기판위에 Ni-Mn-Co-Fe 산화물 후막을 코팅하였다. 후막의 조성과 소성온도를 변화시키며 미세구조와 전기적 특성을 연구하였다. 1150${\circ}C$에서 소성한 시편의 경우 모든 구성 원소가 후막에 균일하게 분포되어 있었다. 그러나, 1200${\circ}C$와 1225${\circ}C$에서 소성한 시편의 경우 Co 원소는 후막에 균일하게 분포되어 있으나 Mn, Ni 및 Fe 원소는 불균일하게 분포되어 있어 Mn 원소의 농도가 큰 영역과 Ni과 Fe 원소의 농도가 큰 영역이 존재하였다. 제조한 모든 후막 NTC 서미스터는 NTC 서미스터의 특성인 로그 저항(log R)과 온도의 역수(1/T) 사이에서 직선적인 관계를 보였다. $(Ni_{1.0}Mn_{1.0}Co_{1-x}Fe_x)O_4$ (0.25${\le}$x${\le}$1.0)와 $(Ni_{0.75}Mn_{1.25}Co_{1-x}Fe_x)O_4$ (0.25${\le}$x${\le}$0.75) 서미스터의 저항, B 정수 및 활성화 에너지는 Fe2O3 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. Ni-Mn-Co-Fe oxide thick films were coated on an alumina substrate by screening printing technique. The microstructure and electrical properties of the thick films, as a function of composition and sintering temperature, were investigated. The components of the NTC thick films sintered at 1150${\circ}C$ were distributed homogeneously. On the other hand, in the case of the NTC thick films sintered at 1200 and 1250${\circ}C$, Co element was distributed homogeneously, but Ni, Mn and Fe elements were distributed heterogeneously, resulting in the formation of Ni rich and Mn-Fe rich regions. All the thick film NTC thermistors prepared showed a linear relationship between log resistance (log R) and the reciprocal of absolute temperature (1/T), indicative of NTC characteristics. At a given NiO and $Mn_3O_4$ content, the resistance, B constant and activation energy of $(Ni_{1.0}Mn_{1.0}Co_{1-x}Fe_x)O_4$ (0.25${\le}$x${\le}$0.75) and $(Ni_{0.75}Mn_{1.25}Co_{1-x}Fe_x)O_4$ (0.25${\le}$x${\le}$0.75) thermistors increased with increasing $Fe_2O_3$ content.
김형준,방대영,김민호,이근택 한국포장학회 2018 한국포장학회지 Vol.24 No.3
This study aimed at examining the suitability of Tenax® for the migration testing of food packaging materials, which is currently approved in the EU as a dry food simulant. The results are used as a basis to examine the feasibility of introducing Tenax® to Korean regulation. The OMVs of test specimen into various solvents (diethyl ether, ethanol, pentane, and acetone) after exposure to 100oC for 1 hr were compared. Diethyl ether showed the highest OMV (1.33 mg/dm2) among the solvents tested. When the tests were conducted with different amounts of Tenax® of 2, 4, or 8 g per specimen, the OMVs were 0.75, 1.33 and 1.40 mg/dm2, respectively. The OMV obtained with a closed system after wrapping with aluminum foil showed a significantly higher OMV (1.61 mg/dm2) than that without aluminum wrapping (1.318 mg/dm2 w) and an open system without lid (1.06 mg/dm2). The specific migration rates of surrogates spiked in the polyethylene test film and paper samples into Tenax® were compared with those into liquid food simulants including 95% ethanol and n-heptane, and actual foods such as starch, skim milk, and sugar. In general, the specific migration levels of surrogates into Tenax® were similar compared with n-heptane, however those were significantly higher than into actual foods. These results suggest that Tenax® may be used as a food simulant for the long-term preservation of dried foods and paper products. However, more studies need to be conducted to investigate the factors influencing the migration into Tenax®, such as the types of foods and packaging materials tested, migration conditions, and surrogates properties etc.