LC/ESI-MS/MS를 이용한 식육(소, 돼지)중 잔류 phoxim 분석

박미선,이진주,명승운,Park, Mi-Sun,Lee, Jin-Joo,Myung, Seung-Woon 대한화학회 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.4

폭심(phoxim)은 널리 사용되고 있는 구충제인 동물용의약품이다. 본 논문에서는 소와 돼지 근육에 잔류하는 폭심을 분석하기 위해서, 실리카 고체상과 아세토니트릴을 사용하여 추출/정제하였다. 분석을 위해서 LC/ESI-MS/MS 방법이 사용되었다. HPLC에서 $C_{18}$ 컬럼($2.1{\times}100\;mm$, $3.5\;{\mu}m$)이 사용되었으며, 이동상으로는 0.1% formic acid와 물이 사용되었다. 소(0.0048~2.0 mg/kg)와 돼지(0.0055~2.0 mg/kg)에 소량첨가하여 얻은 검정곡선은 좋은 직선성($r^2$=0.995)을 나타내었다. 소와 돼지의 매트릭스에 대해서 0.0048~0.2 mg/kg범위에서 68.2~106.9%의 정확도를 나타내었으며, LOD는 0.0014~0.0017 mg/kg, LOQ는 0.0048~0.0055 mg/kg범위에 있었으며, 11.2%의 상대표준편차를 나타내었다. Phoxim, which is one of veterinary drugs, is a well-known antiparasitic agent in wide use. In this paper, phoxim was extracted from cattle and pig tissue using solid-phase extraction (SPE) employing a silica cartridge with acetonitrile. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) for the analysis of phoxim from animal tissue was presented. Phoxim was detected on a $C_{18}$ column ($2.1{\times}100\;mm$, $3.5\;{\mu}m$) using a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. A linear correlation observed in the calibration curves for cattle (0.0048~2.0 mg/kg) and pig (0.0055~2.0 mg/kg) showed above $r^2$=0.995. Accuracy measured at concentrations ranging from 0.0048 to 0.2 mg/kg was the range of 68.2~106.9%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were the range of 0.0014~0.0017 mg/kg and 0.0048~0.0055 mg/kg, respectively. The precision (RSD%) was below 11.2%.

어혈증(瘀血證)의 임상 질환 범위에 대한 고찰

박미선,김영목,Park, Mi Sun,Kim, Yeong Mok 대한한의학방제학회 2013 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : This article is a study on to which categories of modern diseases blood stasis patterns are assigned and the meaning of blood stasis interpreted with perspectives of Korean Medicine and modern medicine. Methods : We reviewed "Neijing", "Shanghanlun", "Yilingaicuo", "Xuezhenglun" and other books and modern clinical papers related with blood stasis. Results : 1. Blood stasis patterns are related with disorders of hemorrheology, hemodynamics, platelet function, microcirculation, microelements and endothelial damage. 2. From the types of syndrome differentiation, diverse diseases classified in type of qi deficiency with blood stasis and type of blood stasis due to qi stagnation are reported, which reflects qi and blood are closely connected. And many diseases are classified in type of kidney deficiency with blood stasis, which has something in common with chronic diseases can achieve effect from treatment considering blood stasis. 3. Diseases related with kidney involve menopausal disorder, mazoplasia, prostatitis, erectile dysfunction, chronic nephritis, renal calculus, osteoporosis and bursitis. Diseases related with heart involve coronary artery disease, arrhythmia and cerebral thrombosis. Diseases related with spleen involve gastritis, colonitis and digestive organ ulcer. Diseases related with liver involve hepatitis, hyperthyroidism and stroke. Diseases related with lung involve neurodermatitis, bronchitis and paranasal sinusitis. Conclusions : Blood stasis pattern which is one of the areas to draw medicine's attention has broad clinical application.

『온병조변(溫病條辨)』 처방의 기원과 처방 변화의 병리학적 고찰

박미선,김영목,Park, Mi Sun,Kim, Yeong Mok 대한한의학방제학회 2017 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Ojectives : To indicate source of prescriptions in "Wenbingtiaobian" and draw pathologic consideration for differences between prescription and source. Methods : Analysed cause and mechanism of disease, pattern identification, treatment, prescriptions and medicinal herbs based on "Translation of Wenbingtiaobian", "Modern Shanhanlun", "Jinkuiyaolueyishi", "Medical collection of Yetianshi" and "Herbal Formula Science". Results : 64.5% of prescriptions in "Wenbingtiaobian" are derived from "Linzhengzhinanyian", "shanghanlun" or "Jinkuiyaolue". Prescriptions from "shanghanlun" or "Jinkuiyaolue" have been modified to fit for heat pattern differentiations, to expand or reduce their medicinal scope, to build up efficacy by adding cold herbs, herbs of nourishing yin, engendering fluid or outthrusting through the exterior, to diffuse water-dampness or warm yang by adding warm herbs. Prescriptions from "Linzhengzhinanyian" have been modified to eliminate cold-dampness, disperse and outthrust with lightness, tonify yin. Conclusions : Wenbingtiaobian" inherited "Linzhengzhinanyian", "shanghanlun" nd "Jinkuiyaolue" andchanged and developed them to cure the febrile disease in the aspect of prescription, mechanism of disease, pattern differentiation and treatment.

토끼 음경해면체의 비-아드레날린 비-콜린성 이완반응에서 산화질소의 역할

박미선,김진보,홍은주,홍승철,Park, Mi-Sun,Kim, Jin-Bo,Hong, Eun-Ju,Hong, Sung-Cheul 대한약학회 1997 약학회지 Vol.41 No.3

The role of nitric oxide (NO) on the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxations induced by the short and prolonged electrical field stimulation (EFS) has been studied in the rabbit corpus cavernosum. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine the prolonged EFS (2-16 Hz) of corpus cavernosal strips precontracted with phenylephrine produced frequency-dependent relaxations, which were abolished by tetrodotoxin as shown in the relaxations induced gy the short EFS, indicating that their orgin is NANC nerve stimulation. $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), inhibitor of nitirc oxide synthase, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition to the NANC relaxation, and at 100 M L-NNA the relaxation were virtually abolished. The inhibitory effect of L-NNA was reversed by L-arginine. Hemoglobin abolished the relaxations to NO and also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the NANC relaxation. The hemoglobin-resistant relaxation induced by EFS was eliminated by L-NNA. Methylene blue significantly reduced the NANC relaxation in a conentration-dependent manner. The NANC relaxation was not affected by a VIP-inactivating pepridase, alpha0chymotrypsin, whereas VIP-induced relaxation was completely abolished. NO- and VIP-induced relaxation were not affected by L-NNA. These results indicate that the NANC relaxation induced by prolonged EFS of the rabbit corpus cavernosum is mediated by NO-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate pathway as shown in the relaxation induced by the short EFS, and that VIP release is not essential for the NANC relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum and VIP is not involved the generation fo NO.

암 환자를 돌보는 간호사의 부담감, 직무 만족도 및 삶의 질

박미선,유양숙,Park, Mi-Sun,Yoo, Yang-Sook 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2005 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.8 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 암 환자를 돌보는 간호사의 부담감, 직무 만족도 및 삶의 질을 파악하고 제 변수들 간의 관계를 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 방법: 연구 대상은 경기도 및 서울에 있는 500병상 이상의 4개 종합병원 종양 병동의 간호사 237명이었다. 자료 수집 기간은 2005년 2월 2일부터 3월 3일까지였다. 연구도구로 부담감은 이관희(1985), 김연희(2001)와 조계화(2002), 직무 만족도는 이상금(19%), 삶의 질은 노유자(1988)가 개발한 측정도구를 수정, 보완하여 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SAS 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Stepwise multiple regression을 적용하였다. 결과: 1. 부담감의 평균은 5점 만점에 2.78점, 직무 만족도는 2.93점, 삶의 질은 3.22점이었다. 2. 부담감이 가장 높았던 문항은 '환자의 고통을 덜어주기 위해 노력해도 한계를 느낀다'였다. 부담감은 35세 미만 군에서, 임상 경력과 암 환자간호 경력이 각각 $3{\sim}4$년 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 3. 직무 만족도가 가장 낮았던 문항은 직장에서의 승진 가능성 정도였다. 직무 만족도는 배우자가 있는 군, 직위는 수간호사와 책임간호사 군에서 유의하게 높았다. 4. 삶의 질이 가장 낮았던 문항은 '신체적 피로를 느낀다'였다. 삶의 질은 35세 이상 군, 배우자가 있는 군, 수입이 200만원 이상군에서 유의하게 높았다. 5. 부담감과 직무 만족도, 삶의 질은 역상관 관계가 있었다. 6. 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 부담감이었다. 결론: 암 환자를 돌보는 간호사의 부담감과 직무 만족도가 높을수록 삶의 질은 낮아지므로 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 행정적, 제도적 지원과 부담감 감소를 위한 현실적인 대안을 마련하는 것이 필요하다.0.04{\pm}0.20$ P=0.1519), 우울 정도, 불안 정도, 스트레스 정도는 자가치료 순응도가 좋을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 아로마 자가 치료군에서 수축기 혈압은 약간 증가하였으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다($4.53{\pm}14.43mmHg\;vs\;0.0{\pm}7.22mmHg$, P=0.152). 자가 치료군에서 환자들은 두통(20%), 감각이상(6.7%), 오심(6.7%) 등의 부작용을 호소했으나, 이들 모두 일시적인 것으로 자가치료를 중단할 정도는 아니었다. 결론: 유방암 환자들에게 아로마 손 마사지 교육을 시킨 후 자기 스스로 2주간 시행한 결과, 통증강도, 우울 및 불안 정도가 의미 있게 감소하였다.임의 유무와 이유에 대해서는, '망설이지 않았다'(34명)가 '망설였다'(6명)보다 높게 나타났다. 사별가족모임에 참석한 후의 소감, 개선사항, 아쉬운 점에 대한 질문에는, 대부분의 응답자들이 '의미 있는 시간이었다', '사별가족에 대한 배려와 관심에 대해 감사한다.'라는 긍정적인 응답이 있었고, '고인에 대한 회상을 할 수 있는 자리여서 좋았다.' '사별가족모임이 일년에 한 번이 아니라 계속적으로 있었으면 한다.', '한편은 슬프고 한편은 기쁘다.' 등의 의견이 있었다. 사별 후 느끼는 가장 큰 어려움에 대해 참석가족은, '우울감'(10명), '외로움'(7명)의 빈도가 높았고, '그리움'(1명), '경제적/역할상 어려움'(4명), 무응답(6명)으로, '우울감'이 가장 큰 어려움으로 나타났다. 반면에, 비참석 가족에서는, 가장 큰 어려움은 '경제적/역할상 어려움'(6명), '외로움'(5명), '우울감'(3명), '후회감'(1명), '고인에 대한 원망감'(1명), '특별히 어려움이 없다'(1명)라고 답하였다. 결론: 호스피스 서비스를 경험한 사별가족 Purpose: This study was performed to investigate burden, job satisfaction and quality of life of nurses who take care of cancer patients. Methods: The subjects were 237 nurses working at the oncology unit of hospitals with over 500 beds in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected using questionnaire from the February to March, 2005. Data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression using SAS. Results: 1. The item that showed the highest level of burden was 'I feel limited even if I make efforts to reduce patients' pain. 'Burden was high in those group both who were younger than 35 years old and who had clinical experiences caring cancer patients for $3{\sim}4$ years. 2. The item that showed the lowest level of job satisfaction was 'the possibility of promotion'. Job satisfaction was high in those group both who had a spouse and were head nurses or incharge nurses. 3. The item that showed the lowest level of quality of life was 'I am physically exhausted'. Over 35 years old who had a spouse, and over 2,000,000 won monthly income made a high score in the quality of life. 4. There were negative correlations among burden, iob satisfaction and the quality of life. 5. The major factor affecting the quality of life was burden. Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to be utilized as basic data for developing support system to improve nurses' work conditions and quality of life.

한국사상(韓國思想)(사학(史學)) : 고등학교 「한국사」 교과서의 고대(古代) "불교사(佛敎史)" 서술 검토

박미선 ( Mi Sun Park ) 한국사상문화학회 2011 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.59 No.-

2009년 교육과정 개정안과 2010년 부분 개정안에 따라 2011년부터 기존의 國定 「국사」교과서 대신 6종의 檢定 「한국사」교과서가 고등학교에서 사용되고 있다. 본래 2009년 개정안에서는 국사와 세계사를 결합한 「역사」과목과 교과서를 계획했으며, 이 「역사」는 근현대사를 중심으로 구성하였다. 그러나 2010년 「역사」를 「한국사」로 급히 변경하였고, 그로 인해 전근대사를 추가적으로 서술해야 했다. 결국 기존 「국사」교과서에 서술된 전근대사 내용을 요약·정리하여 「한국사」 교과서에 수록하게 되었고, 이로써 새 교과서는 근현대사와 전근대사의 불균형, 체제의 비통일성 등 많은 문제점을 내포하게 되었다. 이 글에서는 새 교과서에서 고대 불교에 대해 어떻게 서술하고 있는지, 기존 교과서와는 어떤 차별점이 있으며, 또 어떤 문제점이 있는지를 검토해 보고자 한다. 불교는 한국 역사와 문화를 이해하는 키워드로, 특히 불교를 수용하여 한국문화의 한 축으로 형성한 때가 바로 고대이므로 불교문화를 제외하고 고대사를 설명하기도 이해하기도 어렵기 때문이다. 먼저 6종의 검정 교과서를 비교·검토하고, 이를 기존의 국정 국사 교과사와 비교해 보았다. 기존 「국사」는 정치·경제·사회·문화분야로 나누어 서술된 데 비해, 검정 교과서들은 개설적인 서술 방식으로 정치사와 문화사 중심으로 서술하고 있다. 고대 불교에 대한 서술을 비교해 본 결과, 6종의 교과서는 서술 분량에서 차이가 있었고, 그 원인은 불교미술에 대한 서술 분량의 차이에 있었다. 공통적으로 삼국시대에 비해 남북국시대의 불교 서술이 매우 소략하며, 남북국시대 불교를 다루지 않은 교과서도 있었다. 최근에 신라 말 ``禪宗``에 대한 연구가 늘어나고 있는 경향과는 전혀 다른 모습이다. 그 결과 새 교과서 또한 삼국의 ``불교 수용``만 집중적으로 서술하는 태도를 답습하고 있다. 또한 「국사」교과서의 내용을 요약하여 새 교과서에 싣다보니, ``불교문화가 발전했다``와 같은 결론만 서술하거나 불교미술의 종류와 명칭을 ``나열``하는 형태를 보이고 있다. 이러한 서술 방식으로는 학습자들이 역사적 지식을 ``이해``하기란 어려우며, 이해할 수 없는 경우 ``암기``로 이어지게 되고, ``암기``는 곧 학습 부담이 된다. 따라서 내용의 많고 적음을 떠나 ``역사적 판단력 함양``을 역사교육의 목표로 한다면, 단순한 사실의 나열이나 불교미술의 나열이 아닌 시대적·사상적 배경과 因果관계 등 좀더 ``친절한`` 서술 방식이 필요하다. According to the 2009 National Curriculum Amendment and 2010 Partial Amendment, six authorized ``HANKUKSA: Korean History`` textbooks have been used in high school instead of the existing ``KUKSA: National History`` textbook. The original 2009 Amendment had a plan of making ``YUKSA: History`` subject and textbooks by combining the national and world history, centered on the modern and contemporary history. But in 2010, ``YUKSA`` was changed by ``HANKUKSA`` urgently, which made additional description of premodern history inevitable. As a result, the descriptions on premodern history in the existing ``KUKSA`` were summarized and organized to be included in the new ``HANKUKSA``; therefore, the new textbook showed many problems such as the imbalance between premodern and modern-contemporary history and lack of formation-unity. The present study was performed to investigate how the new textbooks describes the Ancient Buddhism, what kinds of difference they show and what kinds of problem they include. Buddhism is the keyword in understanding Korean history and culture, and it was the Ancient Era when the Buddhism was accepted and became the axis of Korean culture. So, we can neither explain nor understand the ancient history except the Buddhist culture, and that is the reason why Buddhism should be centered on. First, six kinds of authorized textbooks were compared one another and then with the existing national Korean history textbooks. Contents of the existing ``KUKSA`` were described by political, economical, social and cultural aspects, but, on the contrary, authorized textbooks were done by centering on the political and cultural history with the method of introductory description. Comparing the description of Ancient Buddhism, quantitative differences were found in six textbooks, especially, those of Buddhist arts. Commonly, the Buddhism descriptions of North and South States Period were rougher and more negligent than the Era of Three States, and even some textbook has no part of North and South States Period Buddhism. It did not match the recent trend that investigating the Zen of late Shilla is steadily increasing. As a result, the new textbooks followed the old trend again which were concentrated on the intensive descriptions of Buddhism embracement in the Era of Three States. Also, because the contents of ``KUKSA`` were summarized and included in the new textbooks, we could find only the conclusion like ``Buddhist arts were developed`` or the lists of categories and names of Buddhist arts. Such descriptions cannot make learners` understood the historical knowledge. If learners cannot understand the knowledge, they will try to ``memorize`` it, which will burden them. So, if the aim of history education is to ``foster the historical judgement`` regardless of the quantity, more ``kind`` method of description is needed by providing the background of the time and ideology and the causal relationship, instead of the lists of simple facts or Buddhist arts.

조선시대 나주지역 입향 현조(顯祖)의 활동과 추숭(追崇) 선양(宣揚) 양상 -김해김씨 시중공파 김수연(金壽延), 김호인(金好仁)을 중심으로

박미선 ( Mi-sun Park ) 전남대학교 호남학연구원 2016 호남학 Vol.0 No.59

In Naju region, Kim Su-yeon is represented as loyalty. He died in a hunger strike as Sejo dethroned King Danjong. But, his son Kim Ho-in was a Wonjong meritorious retainer of Class II by performing a meritorious deed for the throne of King Sejo. How can we understand the father’s and his son’s loyalty to the two Kings of dethroned Danjong and dethroning Sejo respectively? With the questioning, this study reviewed the activities of Kim Su-yeon and Kom Ho-in, and the posthumous promotion or exaltation of them made by their descendants Since Kim Su-yeon’s great-grandfather, Kim Tak first settled down in Naju region in the end of Goryeo, the Kim family has resided in Naju for generations. Kim Su-yeon from the family of civil public office entered military public office, and dedicated himself into development of 4-Gun and 6-Jin on which King Sejong focused. In recognition of his contribution, he was appointed to the honorable position in Jungchuwon, bestowed of a residence with one hundred rooms in Naju, and a ritual funeral was held at his death. As above mentioned, Shijungkong Group in the Kims of Kimhae established financial foundation to reside in Naju. Kim Ho-in entered politics by passing the civil official examination in the transition period around Gaeyujeongnan. He contributed to Sejo’s taking the throne with those who passed the civil official examination with him. He was in charge of national defence and diplomatics on which King Sejo focused, which was possible through his old friendship with Shin Suk-ju. It can be said that Kim Su-yeon established the foundation of Shijungkong Group in the Kims of Kimhae by passing the military official examination and Kim Ho-in kept the family’s fortune in the period of political transition in 1450’s. After that, the descendants hardly stood out in central government office except for the public posts around 6th-Poom (6th class nobility). Thus, the posthumous promotion or honoring ancestors of Shijungkong Group in the Kims of Kimhae in Naju region is different from the general cases in the end of Chosun Dynasty. There was no canonization of their ancestor by building Seowon or Sawoo. The distinguished ancestors were shown in the personage record of the town chronicle called Sachan Eupji, and their stories excavated were additionally recorded in the genealogy. The descendants entered the central government office and individually made effort for their ancestors’ posthumous promotion or improvement of the burial mounds. This way for posthumous promotion or exaltation of the ancestors can be regarded as less important compared with building Seowon, but it is helpful to understand the way of exaltation of distinguished ancestors from the gentry class called Jejisajok in a country village, Hyangchon.

신라 진지왕 폐위에 관한 재검토 - 신라 상대 왕위계승원리와 관련하여 -

박미선 ( Park Mi-sun ) 온지학회 2018 溫知論叢 Vol.0 No.55

신라에서 폐위된 유일한 왕이 진지왕이다. 『삼국사기』에는 재위 4년만에 사망했다고 하고, 『삼국유사』에서는 국인에 의해 폐위된 후 사망 했다고 하였다. 기존 연구에서는 진지왕의 폐위를 역사적 사실로 받아 들이고 있는데, 본 논문에서는 『삼국사기』 기록에 의거하여 진지왕이 폐위되지 않았을 경우를 상정하고 왕위계승의 원리 속에서 그 타당성을 검토해 보았다. 진흥왕계의 왕위계승과 비슷한 양상을 보이는 벌휴왕계를 분석해 본 결과, 왕위계승의 기본 원리는 적자계승이며, 적자가 어리거나 없을 경우 차자, 동생, 사위 등에게 왕위계승권이 주어졌다. 이 경우 세대계승의 원리가 일부 작용한 것으로 이사금의 유래에서 보듯이 연장자 우대에 기초한 것이었다. 이를 진흥왕계에 적용시켜 보면, 태자 동륜의 사망 후적손 백정(진평왕)이 어렸으므로, 차자였던 진지왕이 즉위하였다. 진지왕 이후에는 백정이 왕위에 오를 수 있는 연령이 되었기에 즉위하였다. 한편 진평왕은 즉위 후 두 동생을 갈문왕에 봉하여 왕위계승 범위를 동륜계로 한정하였고, 진지왕의 아들 용수를 첫째 덕만이 아닌 둘째 천명과 혼인시켜 진지왕계를 왕위계승에서 배제하였다. 그러나 진평왕도두 동생도 아들이 없었기 때문에 진평왕은 적자계승의 원리에 따라 첫째 덕만을 후계자로 지목하였고, 최초의 여왕이 탄생하였다. 진종설, 성골 등은 동륜계를 신성시하는 작업이자 선덕여왕에 대한 정당화·신성화였다. 결국 중고기는 적자계승을 지향하지만 세대계승의 원리도 일부 작용하는 과정에서 적자계승을 강화하고자 근친혼을 실시하였지만, 그 결과는 성골남진으로 중고기가 막을 내리게 되었다. King Jinji is the only king dethroned in Shilla. SamgukSagi says that he died in the 4th year of his reign, while Samgukyusa says that he died after he was dethroned by nobles. Previous studies take his dethronement as true. This paper assumed based on SamgukSagi that he had not been dethroned, and tried examining the validity of that assumption through a principle of royal succession. According to the result of an analysis of the lineage of King Byolhyu where the royal succession was done in a similar fashion to the lineage of King Jinheung, the basic principle of royal succession was that it should be done according to father-to-son succession, and when the legitimate son was young or there was no legitimate son, the right of succession was given to the second son, a younger brother of the second son, or the son-in-law. In this case, the principle of inheritance within generation was partially applied, the principle based on special treatment for the elderly, as you can see in the origin of Isageum. If this applies to the lineage of King Jinheung, legitimate grandson Baekjeong (King Jinpyeong) was young after the death of crown prince Dongryun, and therefore the second son King Jinji came to throne. After the death of King Jinji, Baekjeong came to throne, as he reached the age at which he could come to throne. Meanwhile, after King Jinpyeong came to throne, he granted the title of Galmunwang, which would be granted to very high-ranking personages in early Silla, to his two younger brothers. By doing so, the royal succession was limited to the lineage of Dongryun. In addition, he excluded the lineage of King Jinji from royal succession by marrying his son Yongsu to his second daughter. But since not only King Jinpyeong but also his two younger brothers had no sons, he designated his first child Deokman as his successor according to father-to-son succession, and she became the first Queen of Silla. Jinjongseol (眞種說, meaning "the real tribe of Buddha") and Seong-gol (the saint class) were the sanctification of the lineage of Dongryun, and were the justification and consecration of Queen Seondeok. The mid-ancient period aimed for father-to-son succession. But inheritance within generation partially acted as well, and in that process the period ended up implementing intermarriage to strengthen father-to-son succession. And the period came to an end with the extinction of Seong-gol.

우리나라와 독일 대학 산림과학과 환경교육 교육과정 비교 연구

박미선(Mi-Sun Park),김종욱(Jong-Wook Kim) 한국환경교육학회 2002 環境 敎育 Vol.15 No.2

This is a comparative study on environmental education curricula in the forest sciences of korean and german universities. The purpose of this study is to identify the developmental process, structure and content of environmental education(EE) explainied by the forest sciences curricula from the two countries and to offer a simultaneous comparison, focusing on the four social variables and seven criteria of comparability in environmental education curricula. For the purpose of this study, the cross-disciplinary approach of George Z F. Bereday was employed Environmental education curricula of two countries was analysed in the social context through the four phases of comparative procedure, the description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison.<br/> EE has been taught in the forest sciences of Korea and Germany since the middle 1990s. In forest sciences of two countries, EE was developed in relation to social needs and considered as a form of forest policy. Both korean and german forest sciences curricula include EE for the students to understand the theories and practices of EE as the application of the forest science. In process of EE, the students of two countries develop EE programs. German curricula have more seminars and practices than korean curricula And various experts participate in education programs. The forest sciences of Korea focus on Environmental Interpretation which raises the quality of visitors' experiences in forest recreation. Contacting with nature(lived experiences) is a important factor in Korean EE. On the other hand, the forest sciences of Germany focus on forest education as a form of public relations and also as a form of EE. In Germany, there are various approaches to forest education, philosophy, ethics, psychology, natural science, forest policy, forest history, education and so on. Forest education includes the multIple levels.

섹슈얼리티 권력체계와 일탈의 성정치: 게일 루빈

박미선 ( Mi Sun Park ) 영미문학연구회 2016 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.40

Gayle Rubin’s Deviations (2011) shows the theoretical developments of U.S. feminist theories in the latter half of the 20th-century, as it documents Rubin’s personal and intellectual struggles as a lesbian feminist and an out S/M practitioner against contemporary sexual politics. Rubin brings to the fore the challenges she faced as she confronted sexual values that criminalized sexual minorities. This article reads Deviations as a feminist historiography of sexuality in the 20th-century U.S. as well as a powerful rendering of the hierarchy of sexuality in the American context from the 1970s to the 2000s. Closely reading her politico-theoretical essays written in the context of “sex wars,” this article argues that Rubin’s radical theory of sexuality lays a foundation for theoretical frames that explain how gender, class, race, sexuality, and citizenship work together within the complex network of power. Highlighting Rubin’s contributions to feminist theories and activism, this article discusses how we might draw on Rubin’s insights to analyze critical language for radical politics of sexuality in contemporary South Korea.