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김형환,조수인,이용태,김인락 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.2
The immune response is dependent on phagocyte function. When this function is deficient or enhanced, the patient is susceptable to a large variety of disease. Enhanced function results in an over active immune response. This study was carried out to investigate whether water extracts of Sijunzi-Tang and Radix Glycyrrhizae have inhibitory effect of neutrophil superoxide generation and cell injury. Superoxide was generated by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) stimulated by tert-butylhydroperoxide(t-BHP), and was measured by luminol and its detector chemiluminometer. The inhibitory effect of extracts against t-BHP induced superoxide generation was dose-dependent in the range of 0.1~1% concentrations. Cell injury was estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and lipid peroxidation was examined by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. When rat renal cortical slices were treated I mM t-BHP, water decocted herbs inhibited LDH release from the slices as partially dose depecdent manner. It shows that herbs can reduce cytotoxicity, but over dose can be toxic to the slices. And MDA measurement shows the effect of Sijunzi-Tang and Radix Glycyrrhizae inhibiting cytotoxicity from oxidants, partially depend on preventing lipid peroxidation of cells. HPLC data shows the antioxidative effect of Sijunzi-Tang depends on the effect of Radix Glycyrrhizae. So further studies should be followed to make clear the mechanisms of antioxidative effects.
범발성 간질성폐렴에서 간유리음영의 추적 고해상 CT 소견
김형환 대한영상의학회 1999 대한영상의학회지 Vol.40 No.1
Purpose : To evaluate changes in lesions, as shown by follow-up high-resolution CT (HRCT) in patients withusual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and the significance of ground-glass attenuation. Materials and Methods : HRCTfindings in 23 patients with UIP were retrospectively reviewed. We quantitatively analysed the pattern and extentof lesions, as seen on HRCT, initially and during the most recent follow-up. We also compared pattern changesbetween group I (n=12; less than 25% of the initial extent of GGA) and group II (n=11, more than 26% of thisinitial extent). Results : Initial HRCT findings included GGA and irregular linear density in all patients,honeycombing in 21 (91%), and consolidation in two patients (9%). During the most recent follow-up, HRCT showedthat the extent of GGA had decreased (p<0.01;average 7.4%), while that of fibrosis (sum of the extent of irregularlinear deasity and honeyeombing) had increased (p<0.01; average 8.8%). The average decreased extent of GGA was1.36% in group I and 14.09% in group II. The average increase in the extent of fibrosis was 11.3% in group I and6.4% in group II. The decreased extent of GGA was significantly statistically different between the two groups(p=0.035) and the initial extent of GGA correlated closely with the decreased extent of GGA seen on follow-up HRCT(r=0.5094, p=0.013). There was, however, no difference between the two groups in change in the extent of fibrosis(p>0.05). Conclusion : The greater extent of GGA, as seen on HRCT, of a patient with UIP shows much less fibrosison follow-up HRCT. In UIP, evaluation of the extent of GGA, as seen on initial HRCT, is a helpful indicator ofprognosis.
掌葉大黃과 種大黃이 흰쥐의 흉부대동맥 혈관이완에 미치는 영향
김형환,박수연,안덕규,박성규 대한본초학회 2004 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.19 No.3
Objectives: We have examined the relaxational response to the water extract of Rheum palmatum L. (ERP), R undulatum L. (ERU) and its components in isolated thoracic aorta from sprague dawley (SD) rat. Methods: Rat thoracic aorta was investigated in vessel segments suspended for isometric tension recording by polygraph. Responses to ERP and ERU were investigated in vessels precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine. We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to the water extract of ERP and ERU with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation. Results: We found that 1. The thoracic aorta segments responded to ERP and ERU with a dose-dependent vasodilation. 2. The 5-HT induced contraction at 10-4M were inhibited by 85.8% and 64.4% after addition of the 0.1 g/mL water extract of ERP and ERU. 3. The 5-HT induced contraction at 10-3M were inhibited by 100% after 10-3M emodin. 4. The amounts of emodin were 3.15% and 2.26% in Rheum palmatum L. and R. undulatum L, respectable. Conclusion: In conclusion, ERP and ERU induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta were composed of dose-dependent relaxation and it's major component, emodin, has potent vasodilation.
오이에 피해를 주는 오이긴털가루응애(신칭), Tyrophagus neiswanderi 보고
김형환,김동환,양창열,강택준,정재아,이종호,전성욱,송진선,Hwan Kim, Hyeong,Kim, Dong Hwan,Yang, Chang Yeol,Kang, Taek Jun,Jung, Jae A,Lee, Jong Ho,Jeon, Seong-Uk,Song, Jin Sun 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.53 No.4
Mites were collected from organic cultivations of greenhouse cucumbers and identified as Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: caridae). T. neiswanderi (length, $490.1{\mu}m;$ width, $288.1{\mu}m$) is a very small, milky-white, and egg-shaped mite, and it mainly causes damage to the leaves, flowers, and fruits of cucumber plants. In the early growing season of cucumbers, the shoots of seedlings became pale and yellow because of T. neiswanderi, and eventually shrinkage or bud-failing was observed in the plants. In the middle of the growing season, T. neiswanderi caused white spots on the leaves and flowers of the plants, and the spots gradually became holes. T. neiswanderi also caused severe damage to young fruits by feeding on the rinds of the fruits, inducing malformations and lowering the economic value. 무농약 시설재배 오이에서 잎, 꽃 및 과실을 가해하던 응애를 채집하여 동정한 결과 오이긴털가루응애(Tyrophagus neiswanderi)로 동정되었다. 오이긴털가루응애는 분류학상 응애목(Acarina) 가루응애과(Astigmata)에 속하며 형태적으로는 유백색의 계란형을 띄고 체장은 $490.1{\mu}m$, 체폭은 $288.1{\mu}m$의 매우 작은 응애이다. 오이긴털가루응애는 잎, 꽃, 과실에 모두 발생하여 피해를 주었다. 피해증상은 정식 초기 유묘의 경우 신초가 수축되면서 연노란색으로 탈색이 되고, 심하면 신초가 멎는 피해가 나타난다. 또한 오이가 생육을 하는 과정에서 잎이 피해를 받으면 처음에는 오이잎에 흰색의 반점이 나타나고 시간이 경과함에 따라 반점에 구멍이 나고 찢어진다. 꽃에서도 흰색 반점과 찢어지는 증상이 나타난다. 과실에서는 어린 과실일 때 피해를 받으면 과실의 비대가 저해되거나 기형과가 나타나며, 과실이 비대하더라도 코르크증상으로 인해 상품성이 떨어지게 된다.
수경재배 딸기에서 포식성 천적, 아큐레이퍼응애를 이용한 작은뿌리파리의 생물적 방제
김형환,윤정범,김동환,양창열,강택준,Kim, Hyeong-Hwan,Yoon, Jung-Beom,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Yang, Chang-Yeol,Kang, Taek-Jun 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.55 No.4
2012년부터 2013년까지 2년에 걸쳐 남원과 합천의 수경재배 딸기에서 포식성 응애 아큐레이퍼응애를 배지에 방사하여 작은뿌리파리의 밀도억제 효과를 조사하였다. 수경재배 딸기에서 아큐레이퍼응애를 $m^2$당 60.6마리를 3회~4회 방사한 결과 아큐레이퍼응애 방사구에서는 작은 뿌리파리의 밀도억제 효과도 높았고 작은뿌리파리 유충에 의한 시들음 증상이나 고사되는 딸기의 피해도 줄었는데 무처리구 보다 7.4~10.4%의 피해율이 감소되었다. Biological control of the fungus gnat Bradysia difformis by the predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer was examined in hydroponic systems of strawberries in Namwon and Hapcheon varieties of Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do provinces, respectively, from 2012 to 2013. The damage to strawberries caused by B. difformis was examined in seedling stages and during cultivation periods. To achieve environment-friendly management of B. difformis, 60.6 individuals of H. aculeifer were released per square-meter three and four times during cultivations periods of the Namwon and Hapcheon strawberry varieties, respectively. H. aculeifer had better control efficiency against of B. difformis than that observed with conventional cultural practices. Wilt symptoms and damage of strawberries due to B. difformis were decreased by approximately 7.4-10.4%.