Vowel Shortening in English : based on Harmonic Theory

김형엽 한국현대영어영문학회 1996 현대영어영문학 Vol.40 No.1

새로운 光電池물질 Polycyanamide-bound Zinc. Tetraphenylporphyrin의 合成에 관한 硏究

김형엽,이영환,이상용 國民大學校 기초과학연구소 1989 기초과학논총 Vol.7 No.1

영어 교육 ESP 부문에서의 EST 분야 수업 설계 및 운영

김형엽 한국ESP학회 2019 ESP REVIEW Vol.1 No.2

With the era of globalization and the 4th industrial revolution upon us, the industrial sector has expanded the range of its own influence not only in many nations but also in various regions. In order to keep pace with these trends, English teaching methods that have been embraced by most universities in Korea are now facing fundamental problems. Several educational experts pointed out various deficiencies because they believed that traditional teaching methods could not nurture properly trained human resources with qualified talents. First of all, I maintain that it is necessary to find a new way of teaching and encouraging students which can allow them to actively check the level of appropriateness of their developmental learning process. With the advent of the Flip learning method and the MOOC system, it has become possible for a student to be exposed to the process of finding one’s own learning process and customizing the direction of learning. These new methods can also serve as the basis for developing the potential to allow students to keep abreast of the transformations occurring in society as it transitions to the future. In this sense, I think another blueprint for English education is urgently needed that reflects the new course operation system to which Flip learning and MOOC adhere. Thus, in this paper, I propose the FLMR model approach integrating the two methods, and attempt to find the most effective English teaching method that simultaneously covers the areas of humanities and science. Moreover, I am confident that the model can provide an important foundation for EST education and a new direction in English classrooms because it reflects not only the properties of humanities majors, but also those of science-related fields, without leaning to heavily in the direction of EAP, which used to be the bedrock for English classes in the past.

Peanut Protease Inhibitor의 阻害機構

金泂燁 국민대학교 1986 기초과학연구소 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

인도의 언어이론과 파니니

김형엽 국제언어인문학회 2001 인문언어 Vol.2 No.-

In the history of linguistics in the world the scholars in India could be regarded as the representative linguists, who had provided the cornerstone of the academic development at linguistics. Without looking into the contents of Indian linguistic theories devised and developed in the past it would be almost impossible to account for the origin of descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics. These linguistics trends became full-fledged in 19 and 20 century and are still accepted by a lot of researchers in order to analyze newly revealed languages and train students only coming up the toddling level of linguistic studies. In this paper I will show how far the influence of Indian linguistics has colored the flow of linguistic growth historically. Especially through the analysis of Panini grammar I will prove the intimate relationship between the Indian linguistic theory and the generative grammar - it is the most active theory at present. The methods that Panini applied to constitute the rules like sutra include lots of information, that also could be discovered at the rules postulated in the generative grammar. One of the common features found at both linguistic theories is the simplicity of rule representation. At the generative grammar a rule has to be established without any redundancy. When certain number of sounds like p, b, m show the same phonological. change relevant to lips (labial in linguistic term) different rules need not to be given for each sound separately. It is better to find a way of putting the sounds together in a rule with grouping the 3 sounds with the shared phonetic feature 'labial'. In Panini grammar the form of a rule was decided based on the simplicity, too. For example, sutra 6.1.77 shows the phonological connection between the vowels i, u r 1 and the semi-vowels y, v, r, 1. However, it does not require to postulate 4 individual rules respectively. Instead a rule in which the vowels and the semi-vowels are involved is suggested, and linguistically the rule make it clear that the more simpler the rules will be the better they can reflect the efficiency of human language acquisition. Although the systems introduced at Panini grammar have some sense of distance from the language education itself we cannot deny the fact that the grammar formulates the a turning point of linguistic development. It is essential for us to think over the grammar from the view point of the modem linguistic theories to understand their root and trunk more thoroughly. It will also help us to predict in which way linguistic tendency will proceed to in future.

영어 접어의 재분석 : 구문론적 정보에 의거하여 based on the syntactic information

金亨燁 한국영어영문학회 1994 영어 영문학 Vol.40 No.1

Eligibility of the affinity between alphabet codes and pronunciation drills

김형엽 국제언어인문학회 2006 인문언어 Vol.8 No.-

In this paper I attempted to investigate the matters related with the clarification of the close relationship between writing system and pronunciation. On the way of pursuing the research on the subject I found the fact that the same topic has been the main academic target in Korea. There have been some remarks about English alphabets and pronunciation. Nevertheless, the relation between alphabet codes and pronunciation tokens wasn't considered as the main key to master the English pronunciation correctly and completely. As the main target of this paper I argue that it is necessary to comprehend the connection. Then, we can recognize the significant role of alphabetic structure for understanding the gist of pronunciation exercise. This paper is classified into four parts. Each part consists of the material to affirm the fact that writing system should be the inevitable equivalent of sound system, and vice versa. In the first section I show that the development of the way of pronouncing English words is closely related with the endeavors of the scholars. While performing the survey of the studies about the alphabetic structure of the age many scholars found that the spelling construction was recorded without any common denominator. Thus, they not only sought to stage the bedrock for the standard written form of words but also to associate the alphabet letters with phonetic features. Secondly I mention the negative aspect of the ‘only spelling based English pronunciation education’ for the educational goal of ‘Phonics methodology.’ In this part I suggest the essentiality of phonemic properties with the phonetic prospect: phonemic awareness. Thirdly I refer to the standardization of the spelling system of English. As the realm of application of the language is extended toward the various professional areas such as commercial, scientific, and cultural spheres, it is quite natural to assume that the usage of the language will be transformed according to the areas in the world. Fourthly I introduce the first English-Korean grammar book with the section of ‘the introduction to English pronunciation.’ At the chapter the author explained the sound features of English based on the regulation of ‘Scientific Alphabet’ of U.S.A. In the transcribing system all the symbols were postulated on the basis of the English alphabet form instead of the separate phonetic signs of IPA.

한국어 굴절접미사 연구

김형엽 한국음운론학회 1997 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.3 No.-

Kim, Hyoung-youb. 1997. A Study on Inflection in Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3, 77-97. This paper is to show that inflection in Korean should be reconsidered to account for the redundant distribution of a nominative honorific suffix and a nominative case marker in the same word. According to the analysis based on morphosyntax the combination of these suffixes in the same word doesn't have to occur in any case. However, as Sells (1995) has shown the two suffixes are allowed to be combined without causing any grammatical problems in Korean. In this paper I will show that these suffixes are not included in the same category in order to support the appearance of these suffixes in the same word. Based on Booij (1995) and MarIe (1995) the honorific suffixes such as '-kkeyse, -kkey' will be classified as inherent inflection, while other suffixes such as case markers and topic markers will be classified as contextual inflection. Thus, the combination of an honorific suffix and a case marker would cause no problems because they are included in different categories, which possess different morphological functions. (Korea University at Seochang Campus)

Inula britannica fermented with probiotic Weissella cibaria D30 exhibited anti-inflammatory effect and increased viability in RAW 264.7 cells

김형엽,배원영,유형석,장경훈,홍영호,이나경,백현동 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4

The objective of this study was to increase the bioavailability of Inula britannica (IB) through fermentation with probiotic Weissella cibaria D30, and to evaluate the chemical composition, viability, and anti-inflammatory effect of fermented I. britannica (FIB). IB was fermented with W. cibaria D30 at 37 C for 24 h. FIB increased total phenolic content and decreased total flavonoid content of IB. 1-O-acetylbritannilactone and ergolide production, which are associated with the viability, increased from 1.38 to 4.13 lg/mg, and decreased from 5.24 to 0.94 lg/mg, in the control and FIB, respectively. In addition, the cell viability of RAW264.7 cells increased when pretreated with 400 lg/mL FIB. FIB inhibited the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-jB and MAPKs pathways. Therefore, FIB with W. cibaria D30 reduced the toxicity and increased the anti-inflammatory properties. These results indicate that FIB is a potential beneficial bioactive agent for functional foods.

영어 발음교육에서의 음소인지 방법에 대한 고찰

김형엽 우리어문학회 2004 우리어문연구 Vol.22 No.-