위임법률과 표현의 자유의 영역에서의 명확성의 원칙 : 헌법재판소 2002. 6. 27. 선고 99헌마480 결정을 중심으로

김예나 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2012 Ewha Law Review Vol.2 No.1

명확성의 원칙은 기본권을 제한하는 법률은 명확하여야 하며, 법률로써 기본권을 제한할 경우에 제한되는 기본권이 구체적으로 특정되어야 한다는 원칙으로 헌법재판소가 법령의 위헌 여부를 가리기 위하여 주요하게 적용해온 심사척도의 하나이다. 그러나 언어로 구성된 법률의 ‘명확성’에 대한 절대불변의 판단 기준이 있을 수 없으므로, 헌법재판소는 명확성 원칙의 판단 기준을 최소한의 명확성에 두고 일정한 ‘정도’의 명확성을 요구하고 있다. 문제는 이러한 명확성의 정도를 법률의 체계적 지위와 구체적인 영역에 따라 어떻게 요구하여야 하는가이다. 대상 판결은 「구 전기통신사업법」 제53조의 위헌 여부를 판단함에 있어 위임법률과 표현의 자유 영역에 명확성의 원칙을 적용하고 있다. 이 글에서는 대상 판결의 다수의견을 비판하면서 위임법률과 완결적 법률에서 같은 정도의 명확성이 요구되는지, 표현의 자유영역에서는 예외 없이 항상 고도의 명확성의 원칙이 요구되는 것인지에 대하여 논의하고 이에 대한 기준을 제시한다. 덧붙여 명확성의 원칙 위배시 별도의 과잉금지원칙을 판단하고 있는 대상 판결의 다수의견의 논증방식의 타당성을 검토하도록 한다. The principle of legality requires that all law should be clear and specific in discussing which fundamental rights, if any, it shall limit. The principle is one of the major criteria that the Constitutional Court has applied to decide on the constitutionality of regulations. Due to the inevitable and fundamental lack of clarity in legal language, the Constitutional Court depends on the minimum level of clarity from the written law and its appealable interpretation of the point of law. The court ruling applies the principle of legality to its interpretation of delegated legislation and freedom of expression to decide on the constitutionality of Article53 of the Telecommunication Business Act. This article criticizes the majority rule of the court ruling, discusses whether delegated legislation and concluded legislation should require similar levels of clarity, or the highest level of clarity is required without exception within the freedom of expression, and further suggests relevant standards. The article also examines the validity of the court ruling’s majority argument which decides the Less Restrictive Alternative should the principles of disclosure be breached.

달라진 시대, 취재기법도 달라졌다

김예나 관훈클럽 2023 관훈저널 Vol.- No.166

미디어트랙 : 국내 SNS 이용자들의 이용동기와 기업의 전략: 페이스북과 싸이월드를 중심으로

김예나,이상우 정보통신정책학회 2011 정보통신정책학회 정기학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

대학생의 낭만적 애착, 사랑 성향과 이성교제시 갈등해결 전략에 관한 연구

김예나,김정택 西江大學校 學生生活相談硏究所 2008 人間理解 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study was to find out the best predictors affecting courtship conflict resolution strategy. Adult romantic attachment factors(Avoidance and Anxiety) and three distinctive love attitudes(Eros, Ludus and Mania) were used as predictors. 539 South Korean undergraduate students who have dating experience were surveyed. Correlation analysis showed that Avoidance attachment was negatively associated with Eros and Mania whereas it was positively associated with Ludus. Anxiety attachment was positively associated with Mania and Eros. Both Attachment factors were positively associated with unconstructive conflict resolution strategies such as Negative Conflict Escalation, Negativity and Conflict withdrawal. Eros was positively associated with constructive strategy such as Love and affection, Emotional Expressivity, Validation, Focusing, Communication over time, Editing, Feedback and Leveling whereas Ludus was positively associated with unconstructive conflict resolution strategy. Mania was significantly related with both strategies. Finally, stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that Eros was the strongest predictor of constructive conflict resolution strategy whereas Anxiety and Avoidance attachment were for unconstructive conflict strategy. Eros was consistently related to both constructive and unconstructive conflict resolution strategies, It shows that the individual's capacity of Eros tendency could be the strongest predictor for courtship conflict resolution strategy. The results of this study indicate that counselors can use the information for understanding their college students counselee, especially they are dating. 본 연구는 남녀 대학생 539명을 대상으로 애착과 사랑 성향의 관계, 그리고 이성 교제시 갈등 해결 전략의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 성인의 낭만적 애착 척도, 사랑 태도 척도, 갈등 해결 전략 척도를 사용하여 상관 분석과 중다 회귀분석 단계적 방식을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 긍정적인 갈등 해결 전략에는 에로스의 설명력이 제일 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이어서 애착 회피가 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 부정적인 갈등 해결 전략에는 애착 불안, 회피, 루두스, 매니아 순으로 설명력이 높은 것으로 나타났으며 에로스는 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 그 뒤를 이었다. 결과를 종합하면, 애착과 사랑 성향 모두 이성간의 갈등 해결 전략을 예측하는 중요한 변인으로 볼 수 있으며, 특히 주목해야 할 점은 에로스 성향이 이성간의 갈등 해결 전략에 일관적으로 영향을 미치는 변인으로 나타나, 개인의 에로스 성향의 정도가 이성 교제시 갈등 해결 방식을 예측할 수 있는 중요한 변인이 될 수 있다는 점이다. 이런 결과는 대학생들이 이성 교제시 어떤 행동양상을 나타내는지를 예측함으로써, 상담자가 대학생 내담자들을 보다 구체적으로 이해하고 필요한 도움을 제공할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

폐주변부 병변 진단 시 기관지솔질에 의한 출혈이 병소확인에 주는 유용성 연구

김예나,정수현,김혜수,옥철호,장태원,정만홍,천봉권 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background : Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesion by conventional bronchoscopy is still challenging. The sheathed bronchial brush has been used to collect samples from the visible endobronchial lesion. Recently developed endobronchial ultrsonography (EBUS). can obtain image of peripheral pulmonary lesion at bronchus suspected by bleeding sign of sheathed brush. This study evaluated availibility of detected lesions by bleeding after bronchial brushing in pheripehal pulmonary lesions before transbronchial lung biopsy Methods : Between August 2006 and November 2008, 50 patients(38 men and 12 women, median age, 65 yrs) whose peripheral pulmonary lesions could not be detected with flexible bronchoscopy were included in this study. Among 50 patients, 40 cases were malignant lesion(non-small cell carcinoma 35, small cell carcinoma 5), and 10 cases were benign lesions(inflammatory disease 7, others 3) Results : Of the 50 patients, lesions detected bleeding after bronchial brushing was 34 cases(68%) and lesions detected by EBUS was 33 cases(66%). Sensitivity was 90.0-95.4%, Specificity was 83.3-80%, Positive predictive value(PPV) was 83.3-95.4% and Negative predictive value(NPV) was 80-90.9%. Diagnostic rates in visualized lesion by EBUS and otal peripheral lesions were 75%(25/33), 58%(29/50) respectively. There was no significant complication related with bronchial brushing. Conclusions : Bleeding sign by bronchial brushing was safe and effective method to predict location of peripheral pulmonary lesion with sufficient diagnostic yield

Effect of PEG Addition on Pore Morphology and Biocompatibility of PLLA Scaffolds Prepared by Freeze Drying

김예나,손시원,전철병,김진태,이득용,최효정,김태형,차은종 대한의용생체공학회 2016 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.6 No.4

Purpose A 3wt% poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with differentconcentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 0~9wt%) wasblended and lyophilized to evaluate the morphology and thebiocompatibility of the PLLA/PEG scaffolds. The purpose ofthis study is to investigate the biocompatibility of the PLLA/PEG blends. Morphology, degradation rate, cytotoxicity, skinsensitization, acute systemic toxicity, and intradermal reactivityare examined. Methods The morphology of the scaffolds was examined byusing scanning electron microscopy. The degradation of thescaffolds in phosphate buffer solution was measured for upto 9 weeks by measuring the weight loss. The extract testmethod was conducted on the scaffolds to evaluate the potentialof cytotoxicity on the base of the International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO 10993-5). Skin sensitization, acutesystemic toxicity, and intradermal reactivity were conductedaccording to ISO 10993-10(2010), ISO 10993-11(2006), ISO10993-10(2010), respectively. Results The lamellar morphology of PLLA scaffold waschanged to the ladder-like structure with adding PEG. Thepore size of the PLLA/PEG blends decreased from 24±6 μmto 13±2 μm with increasing the PEG content from 0wt% to9wt%. As a result of the measurement, degradation rate rosewith increasing the PEG content in PLLA and biodegradablePLLA/PEG blend scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibilitydue to the absence of cytotoxicity, skin sensitizing potency,acute systemic toxicity, and intradermal reactivity. Conclusions This outcome implied that the biodegradablePLLA/PEG scaffolds were clinically safe and effective.

Relationships of Total Lymphocyte Count and Subpopulation Lymphocyte Counts with the Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis/Peritoneal Dialysis

김예나,신호식 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 2017 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.32 No.1

Objectives: Dialysis patients’ nutritional indicators are quite subjective and complex and cannot be easily measured in clinical settings. Based on previous reports that total lymphocyte count (TLC) and subpopulation lymphocyte counts (SLCs) are associated with nutritional status in patients with dialysis, we designed this study to examine the relationships of the TLC and SLCs with clinical outcome and nutritional status in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: In this prospective, observational study, we enrolled 66 patients (50 HD patients and 16 PD patients) receiving stable maintenance dialysis. We evaluated the baseline parameters of height; weight; TLC; SLCs expressing CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19; CBC; iron profile (iron, TIBC, ferritin); BUN; Cr; Na; K; total CO2; Ca; P; iPTH; protein; albumin; total cholesterol; HDL; LDL; uric acid and CRP and calculated Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (OPNI) and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) at baseline and three months. To analyze differences in the TLC and SLCs between the HD group and the PD group, we performed an independent samples t-test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict malnutrition in dialysis patients. In addition, to analyze changes in TLC, SLCs expressing each marker (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19) and other nutritional markers, we performed general linear model (GLM)-repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Mean age was 55.8 ± 12.7 years in HD paitents and 49.8 ± 14.5 years in PD patients. The duration of dialysis was 59.7 ± 52.9 months in HD patients and 66.1 ± 33.6 years in PD patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients aged 60 years or older, women, and those whose CD19 SLCs were lower than 100 had a higher risk of developing malnutrition. In GLM-repeated measures ANOVA, CD19 SLCs were significantly higher in women and in patients with a shorter period of dialysis. Conclusions: Our results indicate that GNRI, OPNI, TLC and SLCs (especially CD19 count) may be significant nutritional markers in HD and PD patients.

The Natural Course of Total Kidney Volume in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease undergoing Hemodialysis

김예나,정연순,신호식,임학,박정구,이동열,김중경 고신대학교(의대) 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 2021 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.36 No.2

Objectives: The natural course of native kidneys after hemodialysis initiation in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remains poorly understood. Methods: We measured the total volumes of native kidneys in 12 patients who had at least one enhanced computed tomography (CT) image both before and after initiation of hemodialysis (group 1) and in 18 patients who had no image before dialysis but more than two images after dialysis (group 2). In patients with images, the last image was used for analysis only after dialysis. Results: The mean total kidney volume (TKV) (± SD) before hemodialysis initiation was 3132 ± 1413 mL and the mean TKV of the last image was 3047 ± 1323 mL in group 1. The mean TKV change rate (%) was - 5.2 ± 27.4% (P > 0.05) during follow-up of 3.9 ± 1.9 years in group 1. The mean TKV change rate was 2.8 ± 34.4% (P > 0.05) in group 2. The follow-up period after dialysis initiation ranged from 4.2 ± 4.7 to 8.0 ± 5.2 years. Conclusions: The results suggest that the TKV of native polycystic kidneys decreases substantially after hemodialysis initiation. This reduction occurs mainly during the early post-hemodialysis period and followed by a slow enlargement of TKV.

진공 감압 증류 방법으로 제조된 무알콜 와인의 이화학적 특성 분석 및 관능평가

김예나,박희진,김태완,김성수 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10

Iatrogenic Injury in the Lateral Segment of the Liver after Pancreatoduodenectomy: Early Follow-Up CT Features and Clinical Implications

김예나,유정식,정재준,김주희,조은석,안지현,김기황 대한영상의학회 2012 대한영상의학회지 Vol.66 No.5

Purpose: To investigate the incidence, predisposing factors and image features of iatrogenically-induced focal parenchymal changes in the lateral segment of the liver after a pancreatoduodenectomy. Materials and Methods: A follow-up CT taken on the seventh day after an uneventful pancreatoduodenectomy were retrospectively reviewed for 123 patients for newly developed focal hepatic lesions. The location, size, and shape of the lesions were analyzed along with preoperative anatomic variation of the hepatic artery, for the degree of intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and procedure duration. Results: Other than two patients with hepatic metastases, 13 (10.6%) patients showed newly developed irregular (n = 9), linear (n = 2) or wedge-like (n = 2) hypovascular areas (1.4-8.5 cm; mean, 2.8 cm) in the posterior subcapsular portion of the lateral segment. There were only two patients (15.4%) with an aberrant origin of the segmental hepatic artery from the left gastric artery, and the degree of bile duct dilatation was nonspecific for the 13 subjected patients. Mean procedure time was not significantly different between the subjected patients and the others (541 min vs. 507 min; p = 0.160). Conclusion: Focal iatrogenic injury in the lateral segment after a pancreatoduodenectomy would not be a common event regardless of preoperative vascular anatomic variation, bile duct dilatation, or procedure duration.