짚신나물 열수 추출물의 α-Glucosidase 저해 효과 및 근육세포에서 포도당 이용에 미치는 영향

김상미,이영민,김미주,남송이,김성희,장환희,Kim, Sang-Mi,Lee, Young Min,Kim, Mi-Ju,Nam, Song-Yee,Kim, Sung-Hee,Jang, Hwan-Hee 한국식품영양학회 2013 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 짚신나물 열수 추출물의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 측정하고, 분화된 근육세포에서 glucose 이용과 인슐린 신호전달에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물($10mg/m{\ell}$)은 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 활성을 67% 저해하였으며, 같은 농도의 양성대조구인 acarbose(63%)와 유사한 저해 효과를 보였다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물이 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase에 의한 단당류 생성을 저해함으로 식사 후 혈당이 급격히 상승하는 것을 억제하는데 효과적인 소재로 이용 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 근육세포에서 인슐린 저항성을 유발하기 위해 지방산(1 mM, palmitic acid)를 처리하였고, glucose의 세포내 유입이 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 지방산 처리 세포 모델에서 짚신나물 열수 추출물($10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)은 glucose 이용을 유의적으로 회복시켜 주었다. Normal 상태의 배양조건에서 근육세포의 포도당 이용능은 짚신나물 열수 추출물($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) 처리에 의해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 근육세포 내로 glucose 유입은 운반 단백질인 Glut4를 통해 이루어지며, 이것은 인슐린이 신호전달을 통해 조절한다. 짚신나물 열수 추출물의 세포 내 glucose 이용 증가 효과는 인슐린 신호전달 관련 분자인 Akt 유전자와 단백질 발현을 증가시킨 것과 관련되는 것으로 추정된다. 결론적으로, 짚신나물 열수 추출물은 소화기관에서의 탄수화물 흡수 저해와 근육세포 내 glucose 이용 증가를 통해 혈당 조절 및 당 대사 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. is a medicinal plant with anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activities. However, few studies of the anti-diabetic effect of A. pilosa on insulin resistance status have been performed. In the present study, the anti-diabetic effect of A. pilosa water extract (AP) was determined by investigating its ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory property, glucose utilization, and uptake, as well as insulin resistance mechanism of action in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Compared to positive control (acarbose), AP ($10mg/m{\ell}$) showed a similar ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. Glucose uptake was significantly increased by $1{\mu}m$ insulin treatment (p<0.05). However, palmitic acid (FFA, 1 mM) induced muscle insulin resistance and glucose uptake dysfunction. On the other hand, AP ($10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was capable of reversing the FFA-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Compared to control, AP ($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ without insulin) significantly increased the utilization of glucose (p<0.05) in C2Cl2 myotubes cultured in normal glucose (7 mM). AP treatment significantly increased the relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Akt. In particular, the effect of A. pilosa on the insulin signaling system is associated with the up-regulation of Akt genes and glucose uptake in C2Cl2 myotubes. These results suggest that A. pilosa is useful in the prevention of diabetes and the treatment of hyperglycemic disorders.

녹혈이 빈혈유발 Mouse에 미치는 영향

김상미,하혜경,홍순복,김정숙,Kim, Sang-Mi,Ha, Hye-Kyung,Hong, Soon-Bok,Kim, Chung-Sook 한국한의학연구원 2004 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow form all kinds of blood cells. In traditional medicine, functions of bone marrow cells are very similar to those of Essence(精) which is a fundamental factor of physical development and reproduction. Our experiment examined the effect of deer blood on aplastic anemia induced mouse using cyclophosphamide 150 mg/kg i.p injection before experiment and then another cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg i.p injection on day 10. Then we administrated dried deer blood in distilled water for 5 days, 9 days and 10 days. We examined blood and marrow samples. In results, deer blood showed a trend of effectiveness on recovery of red blood cells and erythropoietin although they were not statistical significant. And deer blood did not show changes in CD34.

다양한 통신 링크에서 고성능 TCP에 관한 연구

김상미,최선완,한선영,Kim, Sang-Mi,Choe, Seon-Wan,Han, Seon-Yeong 한국정보처리학회 2002 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.9 No.2

지난 20년 동안 인터넷의 핵심 기술로서 Transmission Control of Protocol(TCP)는 데이터 전송 기능을 성공적으로 수행한 것으로 평가된다. 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 수행하기 위해서 TCP는 양방향이 동일한 특성을 갖는 유선통신망을 가정하고 있고, 특히 패킷 손실의 원인을 네트워크의 혼잡(congestion)으로 가정하여 slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, fast recovery 알고리즘을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 무선이동통신망과 위성통신망에서는 패킷 손실이 링크 자체의 에러 또는 핸드오프에 의한 순간적인 접속단전에 의해서 발생되고, ADSL과 같은 비대칭형 통신망은 양방향이 다른 링크 특성을 갖는다. 따라서 다양한 통신망의 링크 특성에 따라 TCP의 기능은 수정되거나 새롭게 구현되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 유무선 링크와 위성 링크에서의 기존 TCP 문제를 분석하고, IETF Performance Implication of Link Characteristics(PILC) WG[2]에서 권고한 TCP 표준 메커니즘을 분석하고, 이에 대한 성능을 Network Simulator 2(NS-2)를 이용하여 분석한다. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [1] has been tuned as a reliable transfer protocol for traditional networks comprising wired links and stationary hosts with same link characteristics. TCP assumes that congestion in the network be a primary cause for packet losses and unusual delays. TCP performs welt over such networks adapting to end-to-end delays and congestion losses, by standard congestion control mechanisms, such as slow-start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit and recovery. However, networks with wireless and other lossy links suffer from significant losses due to bit errors and handoffs. An asymmetry network such as ADSL has different bandwidth for both directions. As a result, TCP's standard mechanisms incur end-to-end performance degradation in various links. In this paper, we analyze the TCP problems in wireless, satellite, and asymmetry links, and measure the new TCP mechanisms that are recommended by IETF Performance Implications of Link Characteristics (PILC) WG[2], by using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2).

다양한 가상 골 결함에 따른 공진 주파수의 비교 분석

김상미,박찬진,이양진,장범석,조리라,Kim Sang-Mi,Park Chan-Jin,Yi Yang-Jin,Chang Beom-Seok,Cho Lee-Ra 대한치과보철학회 2005 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) , a non-invasive technique for the clinical measurement of implant stability, was investigated. Peri-implant bony defect may contribute to implant failure. This in vitro study evaluated the resonance frequencies according to various bony defects and determined whether the directional bone defect can affect the value of frequency analysis. Material and Method: Fifteen 3.75 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, machined self-tapping implant future were used. Twelve types of bone defects that have different horizontal and vertical dimensions were simulated. Embedded implants were attached to the dental surveyor. Then, the transducer was connected with the implant fixture and the ISQ value was measured at four different directions. Two-way analysis of variance and post hoc $Sch\`{e}ffe'$ test were performed at the 95% significance level. Results: The control group showed the highest ISQ value and 5 thread-$360^{\circ}$ group had the lowest one. As the vertical exposure of implants in each angle was increased, the ISQ value was decreased. Although the horizontal exposure in each thread was increased, the ISQ value was not significantly decreased. Conclusion : Although the simulated defect type was different from each other, the ISQ value was similar among groups.

슬관절전치환술 노인 환자의 원내합병증과 재원일수 영향 요인

김상미 ( Sang Mi Kim ),이현숙 ( Hyun Sook Lee ) 한국병원경영학회 2018 병원경영학회지 Vol.23 No.3

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting in-hospital complication and length of stay in elderly patients with total knee arthroplasty. A total of 8,224 inpatients over 65 years old were selected from the national old inpatient sample data which was produced by Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in 2016. STATA 12.0 was performed using frequency, chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear and logistic regression analysis. Analysis results show that ages(over 85), Charlson Comorbidity Index, district(metropolitan) for general hospitals and gender, district, beds(100-199) for hospitals are significantly influenced in-hospital complication. Statistically significant factors affecting the length of stay are gender, insurance type, depression, district, bed(300 over) for general hospitals and gender, type of insurance, Charlson Comorbidity Index, depression, district, beds(200-299) for hospitals. Based on these findings, the factors affecting in-hospital complication and length of stay were different depending on the type of medical institution. Accordingly, policymakers should analyze the differences in care behavior depending on the type of medical institution and expand policy and financial support to resolve them.

DMZ 이미지의 생산방식과 유통 매체에 관한 연구 : 사진, 사진전시, 온라인 전시 공간의 의미학

김상미 ( Kim Sang-mi ) 국제비교한국학회 2017 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.25 No.1

The De-Militarized Zone (DMZ) in Korea is the most poignant symbol of the separation of the Korean nation into two hostile states. Photographs of this heavily guarded area effectively capture and summarize the pain of national separation. As universal and reliable symbols of national separation, DMZ photographs have come to form our official memory of the experience, and been reproducing other similar images of national separation. DMZ photographs and photograph exhibitions have strengthened the dichotomies of separation and unification, and of war and peace. The particularity of the DMZ as the forefront of surveillance and tension has been adjusted and mitigated over time by the image of the area as a pristine environment uncontaminated by human contact. Later photographs have thus captured the exclusion of the area from historic and local events. DMZ photographs recently taken by contemporary photographers, however, appear to express new perspectives that no longer fit past dichotomies. It is no longer possible to explain all the rapid changes in the locality of the DMZ, the nature of photographs as a medium, and the distribution and dissemination process of photograph exhibitions with the past theories. In other words, we need to update our understanding of DMZ photographs by considering the particularity of recent DMZ photographs. This study focuses on the aesthetic-artistic interpretations of DMZ photographs capturing national separation, and the evolution of DMZ photographs in line with the evolution of technology and distributional settings. In particular, this study explores the problems of artistic translation and interpretation, and selection and exclusion of photographs, and how the emergence of new machines and technologies―the Internet, digital photography, on line photograph exhibitions, and the social media―affects these problems. The image of the DMZ as a closed and dangerous area, representing war and violence, used to be predominant in DMZ photographs of the past. Along with the technological innovation of the means of image production and the diversification of exhibition and distribution, however, DMZ photographs have begun to produce and distribute new and more diverse images of the area. Photographs of the DMZ no longer focus on the area`s role as a symbol of national separation, but also capture the area`s nature-friendly and peaceful images as well as its more dynamic and future-oriented potential.

북한의 국가 이미지 전략과 서양적 시선의 충돌 -북한 상징조형물의 원(原) 이미지와 서양인 사진 속에 표상된 이미지 비교

김상미 ( Sang Mi Kim ) 국제비교한국학회 2012 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.20 No.1

This paper examines the difference of cultural gaze between North Korea`s photo images that were captured by the Western photographers and the strategy of produced images by North Korea. As the era has changed, the chances are that people can actually see North Korea`s images have also increased, but almost all images were censored by North Korea in advance. The images created by North Korea reflect cultural-political aspects, and would be a good example to show nation`s application of visual images. The Western photographers tried to catch secret landscapes of North Korea and unregulated scenes to reveal the contradictions and conflicts in the society. Yet, the photographers could only encounter strategic images produced by North Korea, which were the result of a thorough calculation. Thus, the Western photographers tried to deliver North Korea`s intended direction by creating photo images. Chris Marker`s pictures about the 1950s` Pyongyang`s sceneries focus not on monuments, but on national-cultural traits. In his pictures, Marker expresses his astonishment at the rapid development of North Korean society as well as their cultural assets and artists. Besides, the pictures reveal his intention that North Koreans are people of sense as the photographer himself. In the 1960s and 1970s, Edward Kim captured that the light distorted images of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jung-il, father and son; another of his work shows North Korean people captured as extremely small figures compared to surroundings. The contrast between the adaptation of the Western culture and the leaders of Kim maximizes a sense of difference. The tendency of foreignness is often discovered from the 2000s` photographers, too. The photographers who could not but reach to the propaganda images made by North Korea made efforts to capture the two extreme figures of the society. For example, they tried to reveal the limits and control in North Korean society by including prohibited scenes in the margin of the frame. Namely, since the 2000s, the pictures have show how the Western photographers endeavored to picture the images besides the produced images by North Korea. The Western photographers have different understandings of Korea`s division situation, and at the same time, they considered how North Korea that has been fully controlled for over the half-century appreciated the West. That is, what the Western photographers really wondered was how North Korea considered them. It was a cultural gazing phenomenon that the Western photographers criticized North Korea`s censorship of visual images.

Hairless mice를 이용한 광노화 피부모델에서 줄기세포배양액의 주름억제 효과

김상미 ( Sang Mi Kim ),김배환 ( Bae Hwan Kim ) 한국미용학회 2011 한국미용학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-wrinkle effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (AdMSCs-CM) in a UVB irradiation-induced hairless mouse wrinkle model. Mice treated with AdMSCs-CM showed improvements in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water capacity and erythema index of skin. The AdMSCs-CM treated mice showed reduced total wrinkle area, number, length and depth, as measured by gross observation and replica image analysis, and had a thinner epidermis and increased collagen and elastic fiber content, compared with the UV control group, as measured by histopathological examination. The activity of AdMSCs-CM was further confirmed by the reduction in MMP-3 mRNA expression and MMP-2, 9 protein activity in the skin of the AdMSCs CM treated animals. These results suggested that AdMSCs-CM may be effective in the treatment of wrinkles by protecting of the collagen from degradation induced by UV irradiation. Further studies about detailed mechanisms of action of AdMSCs-CM will be needed.

초등학교 특수학급 학생을 위한 환경관련 진로교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용

김상미(Sang-mi Kim),오윤정(Yoon-jeong Oh),조경숙(Kyung-suk Cho) 한국환경교육학회 2017 環境 敎育 Vol.30 No.3

이 연구에서는 초등학교 교육과정을 재구성하여 특수학급 학생을 위한 환경관련 직업교육 프로그램(17차시)을 개발 및 적용하고, 진로인식에 대한 변화를 파악하였다. 연구를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구에 참여한 특수학생들은 초기에 진로에 대한 인식이 미흡하였으나, 환경관련 진로교육 프로그램을 적용한 이후 진로에 대한 이해와 관심이 향상되었고 진로와 직업, 업무의 관계에 대한 이해가 구체적이고 정교해졌다. 둘째, 연구에 참여한 학생들은 자신의 거주지 및 일상과 밀접한 환경문제는 비교적 잘 이해하고 있었으나, 이산화탄소 배출, 기후변화를 포함한 추상적 개념은 상대적으로 어려워하였다. 또 비교적 잘 이해한 환경문제도 환경관련 직업과 연결하는 것은 어려워하였다 셋째, 학생들은 일상과 밀착한 직업, 현장학습을 경험한 직업에 대하여 적극적인 호감을 나타내었고, 시간이 지난 후에도 선명하게 기억을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to develop and apply 17-lesson, environment-related career education program for elementary special class students, and to comprehend their career awareness change. The main results of the study are as follows: First, the special students who participated in this study lacked career awareness at first, but the understanding and interest on career development improved after applying the environment-related career education program. In addition, their understanding of the relationship between career, occupation and job task became concrete and elaborate. Second, the students had a relatively good understanding of environmental issues close to their residence and daily life. However, they have relative difficulty in comprehending abstract concepts including carbon dioxide emissions and climate change, and in linking environmental occupations with well-understood environmental issues. Third, the students showed a positive affinity for occupations that they experienced the daily work and field trip to their memories clearly afterwards.

계획행동이론을 적용한 수목장 선택의도에 관한 연구

김상미 ( Sang Mi Kim ),김상오 ( Sang Oh Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.5

국내 수목장에 대한 국민의 관심증대와 수목장 확산을 위한 정부 관계기관의 노력에도 불구하고 수목장 선택 비율은 여전히 저조한 실정이다. 따라서 어떠한 요인이 수목장 선택행동에 영향을 미치는 지를 이해하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Ajzen의 계획행동이론(Theory of Planned Behavior: TPB)을 적용하여 태도(Attitude: ATT), 주관적 규범(Subjective Norm: SN), 지각된 행동통제(Perceived Behavioral Control: PBC) 및 관습(Custom: CUST)과 수목장 선택 의도(Intention: INT)와의 관계를 조사하였다. 2011년 9월 중 광주광역시 시민을 대상으로 행정구역별로(동구, 서구, 남구, 북구, 광산구) 비례층화추출법을 이용하여 표본을 선정하였으며 총 412명의 응답이 본 연구를 위해 이용되었다. 구조방정식 모델링 결과, 4개 변수(ATT, SN, PBC, CUST) 모두 수목장 선택의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 영향력은 SN(β=0.459), ATT(β=0.247), PBC(β=0.152), CUST(β=0.102) 순으로 크게 조사되었으며 이들 4개 변수는 수목장 선택의도의 53.0%를 설명하였다. 연구결과에 대한 토의와 수목장 참여의도 및 행동 증진을 위한 몇 가지 방안을 제시하였다. The selection rate of tree burials (TB) is still low in spite of increasing concerns about TB and government`s efforts to increase TB participation. It is necessary to understand the factors affecting TB selection. This study investigated the relationship between major variables (attitude: ATT; subjective norm: SN; perceived behavioral control: PBC) of Ajzen`s theory of planned behavior (TPB), additional variable (custom: CUST), and intention to select TB by using structural equation modelling (SEM). Samples were selected from Gwang-ju citizens using proportionate stratified sampling (PST) by region during September of 2011. Four hundred and twelve responses were used for data analysis, The model showed fair goodness of fit, All four variables (ATT, SN, PBC, CUST) influenced intention to select TB, The four variables explained 53.0% of intention to select TB. SN(β=0.459) was the most predictive variable on the intention, followed by ATT(β=0.247), PBC(β=0.152), and CUST(β=0.102) in decreasing order. The results were discussed and some suggestions to increase the intention of tree burial selection were made.