Is the Spinous Process of T7 Usually at the Same Level as the Inferior Tips of the Scapulae?

김문규,옥시영,김상호,이세진,박선영,고은효,배현용,허경을 순천향대학교 순천향의학연구소 2012 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.18 No.1

Objective: Appropriate placement of thoracic epidural catheter provides an adequate postoperative analgesia in chest and upper abdominal surgery. Usually, when thoracic epidural puncture is performed, both scapular lower tips and the thoracic (T)7 spinous process is assumed to be at the same horizontal level. The aim of this study is to identify the thoracic epidural puncture in the sitting position, with the neck flexed and arms crossed, may change the relationship between the thoracic vertebrae and the scapular lower tips. Methods: One hundred patients with postoperative patient controlled epidural analgesia using thoracic epidural catheters were enrolled. It is presumed that the both scapular lower tips and T7 spinous process is at the equal level when performing thoracic epidural puncture. The actual insertion level of the Tuohy needle was examined by radiography when the patient was in the sitting position. Results: Out of 100 patients, there were 62% that were in the same level as the scapular lower tips and T7 spinous process. However,1% of the patients leveled at T4, 1% at T5, 25% at T6, 18% at T8, and 1% at T9. Conclusion: When performing the thoracic epidural puncture under the sitting position, the relationship of the T7 and the scapular lower tips may change. The change of position of scapular lower tips varied among T6.82±0.70. Therefore, to be precise, it is advised to utilize C-arm guide when epidural puncture is carried out.

수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 피혁가공(皮革加工) 폐기물(廢棄物) 스럿지의 비효(肥效)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김문규,Kim, Moon Kyu 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.9 No.1

수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 피혁가공(皮革加工) 스럿지와 제지(製紙)스럿지를 비료자원으로 활용(活用)할수 있는가를 검토(檢討)하기 위(爲)하여 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 무처리(無處理)에 비(比)해 퇴비(堆肥) 1,000kg, 피혁(皮革)스럿지 500kg, 피혁(皮革)스럿지 $500kg+CaCO_3$, 100kg 시용(施用)한것은 7~10%, 제지(製紙)스럿지 1,000kg 및 피혁(皮革)스럿지 $1,000kg+CaCO_3$ 100kg 시용구(施用區)는 22~23% 증수(增收)되었다. 2) 피혁(皮革)스럿지 $1,000kg+CaCO_3$ 100kg시용구(施用區)에서의 수수(穗數), 수당입수(穗當粒數), 등숙률(登熟率)의 증가(增加)는 석회시용(石灰施用)에 의한 스럿지분해촉진 결과(結果)였다. 3) 제지(製紙)스럿지 1,000kg구(區)에서의 수수(穗數)와 등숙률(登熟率)이 높은것은 스럿지의 질소(窒素)와 인산(燐酸) 함량(含量)이 높기 때문이다. 4) 피혁(皮革) 및 제지(製紙)스럿지는 유기물(有機物)로서의 비효(肥效)는 인정(認定)되나 장차(將次) 유해중금속(有害重金屬)의 함량(含量)과 그 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)가 필요(必要)하다고 본다. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sludges from leather and paper processing as sources of fertilizers on the rice. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. When 1,000kg of composts, 500kg of leather sludges and 500kg of leather sludge plus 100kg of $CaCO_3$, were applied per 10a, there were 7 to 10% of yield increase overthe non-treatment (check). When 1,000kg of paper sludge and 1,000kg of leather sludge plus 100kg of $CaCO_3$ were applied per 10a, there were 22 to 23% of yield increase over the check plot. 2. It was apparent that one of the reasons for increased yield. components such as number of spike and ripening ratio was due to the promotion of sludge decomposition by the $CaCO_3$. 3. The reason for the high ripening ratio and increased number of spike when paper sludge was applied might be due to the effects of high amount of nitrogen and phosphorous contained in paper sludge. 4. Effects of leather or paper sludges on the rice as organic fertilizer were highly appreciable, but further studies will be necessary for the effects of heavy minerals contained in the paper or leather sludges.

X-ray를 이용한 경부 피부에서 경막외강까지의 깊이 예측

김문규,최동혁,최동혁,김호준,박선영,김상호,정지원,유재화,조호범,옥시영 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.12 No.1

Background: Previous studies have shown that measuring the distance from the skin to the ligamentum flavum by ultrasound preceding cervical epidural block can be beneficial in excluding false loss of resistance. However, the measurement value using ultrasound may vary depending on the degree of operator experience. Therefore, we aimed to determine the depth from skin to cervical epidural space by using lateral cervical spine X-ray, which is a more intuitive method. Methods: We enrolled 102 adult patients who were scheduled to undergo cervical epidural anesthesia for vascular bypass surgery of upper arm. After attaching a steel rod on the needle insertion site, lateral cervical spine X-ray was taken before the epidural procedure. We measured the distance from the steel rod to the midpoint of interlaminar space on the spinolaminar line. The X-ray depth was compared with needle depth. Results: Of the 102 enrolled patients, 18 patients including 13 in whom we were unable to measure X-ray depth were excluded from the analysis. In total, 84 patients were included in the analysis. Concordance correlation coefficient between the X-ray-measured depth and needle depth was 0.925. Bland-Altman analysis indicated a mean difference of ± 1.96 SD with 0.06 ± 0.56 cm. Conclusions: Lateral cervical spine X-ray can be useful for prediction of the midline depth from skin to epidural space, particularly for operators who are not skilled at spine ultrasound or the use the C-arm fluoroscopy.

생쥐 정자의 운동성에 미치는 Calcium 과 dbcAMP 의 영향

김문규,오승훈,계명찬,윤현수,이준영,Kim, Moon-K.,Oh, Seung-H.,Gye, Myung-C.,Yoon, Hyun-S.,Lee, Joon-Y. 대한생식의학회 1989 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.16 No.2

In order to study the effects of $Ca^{++}$ and dbcAMP on sperm motility, cauda epididyal spermatozoa of mouse were incubated in the media containing the various concentrations of $Ca^{++}$ and dbcAMP, and Its motility were observed and analyzed. The rate(%) of the sperm with forward motility which may be fertile, reached at the equilibrium state in 30-60 min. after the beginning of incubation. $Ca^{++}$ requirement for the maintenance of sperm motility obviously appeared in 3hrs. after the beginning of incubation. In the medium containing 0.01mM $Ca^{++}$, the rate of sperm forward motility was highest(30.6-40.6%), whereas in 10mM $Ca^{++}$ medium, the rate was rather reduced because of a severe agglutination phenomenon. On the other hand, 1mM dbcAMP in the medium was significantly effective for the maintenance of sperm forward motility.

강유전성 고분자 블렌드를 이용한 유기박막태양전지 개발

김문규,김지훈,이솔,엄태식 한국고분자학회 2020 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.45 No.2

개간지(開墾地) 대두재배(大豆栽培)에 있어서의 용성인비(熔成燐肥) 시용효과(施用效果)

김문규,고춘산,Kim, Moon-Kyu,Ko, Chun-San 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1976 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.3 No.2

신개간지토양(新開墾地土攘)의 합리적(合理的)인 지력증진(地力增進) 개선방안(改善方案)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 7종(種)의 토양개량방법(土壤改良方法)을 처리(處理)하고 대두(大豆)을 재배(栽培)하였던바 그결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 신개간지(新開墾地) 토양(土攘)에서는 pH가 낮고 유기물(有機物)과 인산(燐酸)은 물론 석회(石灰) 마그네슘등(等)의 염기가 부족(不足)하였다. 석회(石灰)와 용성인비(熔成燐肥)는 토양산도(土壤酸度)의 교정효과(校訂效果)가 컷으며 유기물(有機物)의 증가(增加)에 대해서는 퇴비(堆肥)의 효과(效果)가 가장 큰 것과 퇴비(堆肥)와 용성인비(熔成燐肥)는 토양중(土壤中)의 칼슘함량(含量)을 증가(增加)시키는 효과(效果)가 컷으며 석회(石灰) 용성인비(熔成燐肥) 퇴비(堆肥) 및 심경(深耕)모드가 토양중(土壤中)의 고토함량(苦土含量)을 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)시켰다. 그리고 퇴비(堆肥)는 토양중(土壤中)의 가리함량(加里含量)을 증가(增加) 시키는 효과(效果)가 현저(顯著)하다. 석회용성인비(石灰熔成燐肥) 및 퇴비(堆肥)는 식물체내의 마그네슘함량(含量)의 증가(增加)에 현저(顯著)한 효과(效果)를 나타내었으며 석회(石灰) 및 용성인비(熔成燐肥)는 각각(各各) 종실중(種實重)의 증효효과(增效效果)가 컸다. 3요소(要素) 퇴비(堆肥) 및 석회시용(石灰施用)과 동시(同時)에 심경(深耕)을 실시(實施)한 구(區)에서 최고(最高)의 종실수량(種實收量)을 보였다. 종실수량(種實收量)은 토양산도(土壤酸度), 토양중(土壤中)의 유기물(有機物) 고토함량(苦土含量) 그리고 식물체내의 고토함량(苦土含量)과 현저(顯著)한 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내었다. To deter-mine the most reasonable method for improving of newly reclaimed soil, seven kinds of improving methods were tested and the soybean was cultivated as test crop. The results obtained are summarized as follow: The newly reclaimed soil where this experiment was carried out showed low acidity and was deficient in the humus, the phosphate, the calcium and the magnesium. Both the fused phosphate as well as the calcium was much effective to the correction of the soil acidity. The compost was the most effective source to increase the content of the humus in the soil, and also the calcium application showed a significant effect to increase the amount of humus. Not only compost but also fused phosphate were much effective to increase the content of calcium in the soil. Each factor as the calcium, the fused phosphate, the compost and the deep plowing has an effect to increase the amount of magnesium in soil significantly. The compost increased the potassium in soil. The amount of magnesium in soybean plant was significantly increased by the application of the calcium, the fused phosphate or the compost. And the calcium and the fused phosphate had an effect to increase the grain yield of soybean. The highest grain yield of soybean was taken at the treatment of N.P.K.+Compost+Calcium+Deep-plowing. The grain yield of soybean was significantly correlated with the soil acidity, the amount of the humus and the magnesium in soil and the amount of the magnesium in soybean plant.

고해상도 온실가스 관측위성

김문규,임동영 한국기상학회 2023 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.4

시비보정(施肥補正)을 위(爲)한 작물(作物)의 양분(養分) 흡수(吸收) 양상(樣相)과 토양중(土壤中) 비료성분(肥料成分) 용탈(溶脫)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김문규,장기운,우인식,함선규,남윤규,Kim, Moon-Kyu,Chang, Ki-Woon,Woo, In-Shik,Ham, Suon-Kyu,Nam, Yun-Kyu 한국토양비료학회 1989 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.22 No.4

보리, 마늘, 콩을 미사질토양(微砂質土壤), 사양토(砂壤土), 양토(壤土)에 각각(各各) 재배(栽培)하여 조사(調査)한 양분흡수비율(養分吸收比率)과 상기(上記) 3개(個) 토양(土壤)에 대(對)한 N, P, K의 용탈시험(溶脫試驗)을 토대(土臺)로 시비보정(施肥補正)을 위(爲)한 방안(方案)을 연구(硏究)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 1. 3개(個) 작물(作物) 생육기간중(生育期間中) 토양(土壤)의 화학성분(化學成分) 함양(含量)은 3개(個) 토양(土壤) 공히 큰 변화(變化)가 없었다. 2. 보리와 마늘은 월동기간(越冬期間) 동안 성장(成長)이 거의 정지(停止)되었으나 분얼기말 이후(以後) 급격(急激)한 성장(成長)을 나타내었다. 또한 콩의 질소성분(窒素成分) 흡수(吸收)는 개화기(開化期) 이후(以後) 계속적(繼續的)으로 크게 증가(增加)하였고 기타(其他) 성분(成分)들은 증가폭(增加幅)이 적었다. 3. 생육기간중(生育期間中) 작물(作物) 부위별(部位別) 화학성분(化學成分) 함양(含量) 변화(變化)로 작물(作物)의 흡수비율(吸收比率)이 구명(究明)되였다. 4. 토양(土壤) 종류(種類)에 따른 질소성분(窒素成分)의 용탈량(溶脫量)의 크기는 사양토(砂壤土) > 양토(壤土) > 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)의 순서(順序)이고 $P_2O_5$는 낙탈(洛脫)이 거의 되지 않았다. 또한 $K_2O$의 낙탈(洛脫)은 질소(窒素)와 거의 같은 양상(樣相)을 보였으나 그 크기는 양토(壤土) > 사양토(砂壤土) > 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)의 순서(順序)였다. 5. 보리, 마늘, 콩을 각각(各各) 미사질양토(微砂質壤土), 사양토(砂壤土), 양토(壤土)에 재배(栽培)한 경우(境遇), 생육단계(生育段階)와 과잉(過剩) 강수량(降水量)에 따른 낙탈성분양(洛脫成分量)을 구(求)하여, 비료(肥料) 성분량(成分量)의 낙탈손실량(洛脫損失量)을 보정(補正)할 수 있는 과학적(科學的) 시비지침(施肥指針)이 제시(提示)되였다. Barley, garlic, and soybean were cultivated in the silt loam, sandy loam, and loam, respectively, and the absorbing patterns of N, P, and K during growing of the crops were determined. While, the leaching of N, P, and K applied in the above soils in four levels of topsoil depths and in four leachate levels of excess precipitation was measured through the column. The depths of the soil were devised to 20, 35, 50, and 65cm, and the levels of excess water were classified to each leachate of 20, 40, 60, and 80mm precipitation, and nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in each fraction of the leachate were analyzed. By the analyses of the chemical components during growth of the crops, their absorbing patterns of N, P, and K were investigated. The order of N-leachings in the soils was sandy loam > loam > silt loam, and the leaching of $K_2O$ was very similar to N. The leaching of $P_2O_5$ was slight in all kinds of the soils. By the combination of the absorbing patterns of the crops in three kinds of soils and the leaching of the nitrogen in four levels of soil depth and four levels of excess precipitation, the method to replace the nitrogen lost by leaching was presented.

상사의 권력유형과 부하의 과업성과에서 경력지향성의 매개효과

김문규,이은국,장비비 대한리더십학회 2013 리더십연구 Vol.4 No.3

조직구성원 간의 성향에 따른 효율적 조합에 대한 연구는 기업의 궁극적 목표인 과업성과를 향상시키기 위한 인적관리의 중요한 분야라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 권력유형이 과업성과와 경력지향성에, 경력지향성이 과업성과에 유의한 영향을 미칠 것이며, 경력지향성은 권력유형과 과업성과간의 관계를 매개할 것이라고 예측 하고 있다. 실증분석을 위한 본 연구의 대상은 19개의 중소기업체 223명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 실증분석결과 상사의 권력유형과 부하의 과업성과의 관계에 서는 보상적 권력을 제외한 합법적 권력, 강압적 권력, 전문/준거적 권력이 부하의 과업성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 권력유형과 경력지향성과의 관계에서는 상사의 전문/준거적 권력만이 전문인 지향성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 부하의 경력지향성과 과업성과간의 관계에서는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 권력유형과 과업성과간의 관계에서 경력지향성의 매개효과는 전문인 지향성은 매개효과가 없으며, 조직인 지향성은 부분매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. This study presents that power types will have influence on work performance and career-oriented tendencies, and career-oriented tendencies will have a significant effect on work performance. In addition, career-oriented tendencies will mediate relations between power types and work performance. 223 employees from 19 small and medium-sized enterprises in korea participated in the study. In order to test the hypotheses, regression analysis were conducted. The result showed that in terms of relations between power types of a boss and work performance, legitimate powers, coercive powers and expert/reference powers except for compensative powers appeared to have a significant influence on the work performance of subordinates. In relations with power types and career-oriented tendencies, only the expert/reference powers of a boss showed to have a positive effect on an expert-oriented tendency. It has a positive effect on relations between career-oriented tendencies of subordinates and work performance. The mediating effect of career-oriented tendencies in relations with power types and work performance indicated that expert-oriented tendencies are ineffective as a medium while organizational man-oriented tendencies mediate relations partially. Based on these results, implications and limitations of this study were discussed and future research direction were suggested.

배란 전, 후 생쥐 난자-난구 복합체의 미세구조의 변화

김문규,김종흡 한국통합생물학회 1988 동물학회지 Vol.31 No.4

생쥐에 PMSG와 hOG를 주사한 후 난자-난구복합체의 미세구조의 변화를 환찰함으로세 난구세포의 분산현상을 규명하고자 본 실험을 행하였다. 난자는 PMSG 주사후 48시간까지 별 다른 변화가 없었고 다만 표면막에 miGrOVilli와 Coaled pit의 수가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 PMSG-hCG주사 12시간 후에 배란된 난자의 표면은 microvilli와 coated pit가 사라져서 평평하게 되었다. 방사관세포는 PMSG주사 48시간 후메 밀착해 있던 투명대와 간격이 생기기 시작하였고, 투명대를 통관하여 난자의 표면막과 desmosome으로 연결되어 있던 세포질돌기도 퇴화의 징후를 보였다. PMSG-hCG주사 후에는 급속히 격리, 분산되고 세포질돌기는 퇴화하였으며 dermo-some도 사라겼다. 난구세포들은 대조군에서 밀집되어 있었고 거의 gap junction으로 연결되어 있었는데, PMSG주사 24시간 후에는 모양이 등글게 되고 더욱 밀집되었으며, 48시간 후에는 거의 loose junction으로 연결되었고 분산되기 시작하였다. 결국 PMSG-hCG주사 If시간 후에는 완전히 분산되었고 거의 모두 핵응축과 괴사현상을 보였다. 난자- 난구 복합체의 분산은 배란전에 PMSG에 의하여 시작되고 hCG에 의하여 촉진 완결된다는 것이 확실하다. The ultrastructural changes of the oocyte-cumulus complexes of mouse alter injection of PMSG and hOG have been investigated in order to elucidate expansion phenomenon of the cumulus cells. The oocytes until 48 hours after PMSC injection showed no change except a tendency of decrease in numbers of microvilli and the coated pelts on surface membrane. However, surface membrane of the ovulated oocytes 12 hours after PMSC-hCC injection changed to be smooth due to disapperance of microvilli and coated pits. Corona radiate cells tightly attaching to zona pe]lucida 48 hours after PMSC injection began to be detached and their cytoplasmic processes connected by desmosome to oocyte surface membrane showed a degeneration symptom. Thereafter the detachment and degeneration were accelerated by hCG injection and followed by disappearence of desmosome. The cumulus cells in control group were compacted and connected by almost 9aP junction each another. Ite cumulus cells 24 hours after PMSG injection were changed to be round form and more tightly compacted. However, the cumulus cells 48 hours after PMSG injection were connected by almost loose junction and showed the beginning of expansion. Eventuallv, the cumulus cells 12 hours a%or PMSG-hCG injection were completely expanded, and became pvknotic and necrotic in most It is clear that the expansion of oocyte-cumulus complex were initiated by PMSC, then accelerated and completed by hCG before ovulation.