알폰소 10세와 라몬 율(Ramon Llull): 중세 스페인 기사도(騎士道)의 사회적 의미

김경범 고려대학교 스페인 라틴아메리카 연구소 2019 스페인라틴아메리카연구 Vol.12 No.2

This study shows the origin and the sociological meaning of chivalry as it formed in Spain through an analysis of Siete Partidas of Alfonso X and Llibre de l’orde de Cavalleria of Ramon Llull. In Spain, chivalry is known to have begun with these two texts, which were made in the late 13th century. In essence, there was no difference between the chivalry embodied in Siete Partidas and that embodied in Llibre de l’orde de Cavalleria, an educational booklet. Both texts identified the nobility of the spirit as the essence of knighthood and chivalry. There are also no differences in these works in the concepts and discipline of chivalry. However, the backgrounds of the two texts were different, as follows. In Siete Partidas by Alfonso X, chivalry was used as a means of strengthening the royal authority over the nobility; thus, the right to ordain knights, was repeatedly emphasized. Chivalry was under the protection of the king, and the ranks of knights were a kind of mechanism for ensuring the legitimacy of the new power. In Llibre de l’orde de Cavalleria, by Ramon Llull, however, chivalry was turned into an aspect of religion; this process is called the sanctification of chivalry. The chosen secular man made a pilgrimage out into the world, just like a priest, in accordance with God's teachings and ordinances, and aimed to become a “saint-knight”, that is he tried to be holy in himself. Thus, the two texts individually show the secular and religious meanings of chivalry. 이 연구는 알폰소 10세의 『7부 법전』과 라몬 율의 『기사도』를 통해 스페인에서 형성된 기사도의 의미를 보여주는 데 있다. 스페인에서 기사도는 13세기 후반에 만들어진 두 개의 문헌이 가장 초기의 증거로 꼽히고 있다. 『7부 법전』을 통해 구현된 기사도와 교육용 책 『기사도』를 통해 구현된 기사도의 본질적 내용은 다르지 않다. 두 문헌 모두 정신의 고귀함을 기사와 기사도의 본질로 파악했다. 기사도의 규율에서도 차이가 없다. 그러나 두 문헌의 사회적 의미는 서로 달랐다. 알폰소 10세의 『7부 법전』은 기사도를 귀족에 대한 왕권 강화의 수단으로 활용하면서 기사 서임권을 반복적으로 강조했다. 그래서 세속 사회에서 기사도는 왕의 비호 아래 기사계급이 새로운 권력의 정당성을 확보하는 장치였다. 반면 라몬 율의 『기사도』는 기사도를 종교화했다. 마치 사제처럼, 선택받은 세속인이 하나님의 가르침과 섭리에 따라 이 세상을 순례하며 스스로 자신을 성화하는 ‘성스러운 기사’를 지향한다. 이처럼 두 문헌은 스페인 중세 사회에서 기사도가 갖는 세속적 의미와 종교적 의미를 보여준다.

고령자의 건강 관련 삶의 질과 건강위험행태 간의 상호적 인과관계 : EuroQol 5-dimensions의 ceiling effect를 보정하여

김경범,김영진,허민희,노진원 보건의료산업학회 2023 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the reciprocal relationship between health-risk behaviors and health-related quality of life in older adults by examining the ceiling effect that often occurs when measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the general population. Methods: Using data from the Korea Health Panel Survey from 2015 to 2018, 3220 individuals were selected. We constructed a two-part autoregressive cross-lagged model with a log-transformed EQ-5D (EuroQol-5 Dimension) index. Results: Older adults who reported full-health state were more likely to maintain their health state over time. Older adults with two types of health-risk behaviors, both in full and non-full health states, were more likely to maintain or increase their health-risk behaviors in the following years. Those with three or more health-risk behaviors tended to rate their HRQoL higher in the following years. Conclusions: A significant reciprocal relationship exists between health-risk behaviors and health-related quality of life in older adults.

Propranolol이 흰쥐 해마박편에서 Gamma-aminobutyric acid 및 Glutamic acid유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김경범,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1990 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.14 No.1

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of propranolol on the release of amino acid neurotransmitters employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices (300-400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Spencer et al.(1976) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium (KBM, pH 7.4) for 1 hr at 37℃. Pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then veratrine (25μM)-containing KBM for 10 min period. Basal and veratrine-induced release of GABA and glutamic acid were determined from recovered medium by HPLC. After 30 min resting period, slices were reincubated in propranolol-containing KBM and propranolol plus veratrine-containing medium consecutively for 10 min period each to investigate the effect of propranolol on basal or veratrine-induced amino acid release from hippocampal slices. The observed results were as follows : 1. The release of GABA induced by the first and second 10min-exposure of 25μM veratrine was 246.9±16.82 nmol and 209.9±20.84 nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 7.3 and 7.3-fold increase respectively. 2. the release of glutamic acid induced by the first and second 10min-exposure of 25μM veratrine was 426.3±63.16 nmol and 377±61.83 nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of glutamic acid during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 9.9 and 10.2-fold increase respectively. 3. Propranolol (2-8 mM) inhibited veratrine-stimulated GABA release in dose-dependent manner. 4. Propranolol (2-6 mM) enhanced veratrine-stimulated and spontaneous release of glutamic acid in dose-dependent fashion.

데이터 마이닝 기법을 활용한 고령화 패널 데이터 분석

김경범,김신일,김은경,안지윤,최영진 한국EA학회 2020 정보기술아키텍처연구 Vol.17 No.2

천안 천흥사지 발굴조사 출토 고려시대 평기와 분석

김경범 한국중세고고학회 2023 한국중세고고학 Vol.- No.14

이 글은 충청남도 천안시 서북구 성거읍 천흥리 190-2번지 일원에 위치한 천흥사지 1~2차 발굴조사 보고서를 중심으로 먼저 1차 발굴조사 출토 통일신라말~고려전기에 해당하는 평기와 97점을 비롯하여 2차 발굴조사 출토 평기와 46점 등 총 143점을 대상으로 먼저 양식적 속성인 문양분류를 통한 평기와의 통계를 알아본 후, 계량적(크기) 속성+제작기술적(평기와 내·외면에 남아있는 제작기법 및 특징) 속성을 검토하고자 한다. 이러한 분석결과를 통해 평기와의 시대적 변화 양상을 파악하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 평기와 분석을 통해 천흥사지의 창건 및 중심연대도 검토해 보고자 한다. 천흥사지 1~2차 발굴조사를 통해 출토된 평기와 분석 결과, 천흥사의 창건은 태조13년(930)에 천안부(天安府)로 하고 도독(都督)을 두었다고 기록된 10세기 전반으로 여겨진다. 금번 천흥사지 중심사역 내에서 2차례 발굴조사된 유적에서 출토된 평기와 분석을 통해 천흥사지 기와 본연의 성격과 선대 유구의 상한을 추정한 점은 향후 천흥사지에 대한 연차적인 발굴조사나 연구의 기초적인 기준을 마련했다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있겠다. This paper was written focusing on the first and second excavation reports of Cheonheungsa Temple Site located at 190-2 Cheonheung-ri, Seonggeo-eup, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do. First of all, there are statistics on plain roof-tiles through pattern classification, which is a stylistic attribute, for a total of 143 pieces, including 97 plain roof-tiles from the end of Unified Silla to the early Goryeo Dynasty excavated in the first excavation and 46 plain roof-tiles excavated in the second excavation. And then examines quantitative(size) and manufacturing techniques and characteristics(manufacturing techniques and features remaining on the inside and outside of the plain roof-tiles). Through these analysis results, we tried to understand the changes of the period of the plain roof-tiles. Finally, through this plain roof-tiles analysis, I would like to examine the foundation and central period of Cheonheungsa Temple Site. As a result of the analysis of the plain roof-tiles excavated through the first and second excavations of Cheonheungsa Temple site, it is believed that the foundation of Cheonheungsa Temple was in the earlier half of the 10th century in the 13th year of Taejo(930), when it was recorded Cheonanbu(天安府) and Dodok(都督) were placed. Through the analysis of the plain roof-tiles excavated from the ruins of Cheonheungsa Temple Site twice, I estimated the original nature of the roof-tiles of Cheonheungsa Temple Site and the upper limit of the remains. This is significant in that it has established the basic standards for annual excavation and research on the Cheonheungsa Temple Site in the future.

식물추출 복합물(PEM381)의 제I형 알레르기 반응 억제 효과

김경범,이유진,채옥희,송창호,정종문,Kim, Kyung-Bum,Lee, Eu-Gene,Chai, Ok-Hee,Song, Chang-Ho,Jeong, Jong-Moon 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구에서는 녹차(Camellia sinensis)잎 추출물, 구아바(Psidium guajava)잎 추출물 그리고 장미(Rosa hybrida)꽃잎 추출물로 이루어진 식물추출 복합물(PEM381)에 대하여 제I형 알레르기 반응 억제 효능 및 생화학적 기전을 밝히기 위하여 COX 억제 활성, LO 억제 활성, compound 48/80에 의한 랫드 복강 비만세포의 탈과립과 히스타민 유리에 미치는 영향 그리고 수동피부아나필락시스 반응 억제효능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 PEM381은 5-LO $IC_{50}$ 값이 $14.11{\pm}0.51ppm$으로 나타났고, COX-1에 비해 COX-2를 선택적으로 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 PEM381은 compound 48/80에 의한 비만세포의 탈과립과 히스타민 유리를 농도 의존적으로 억제할 뿐만 아니라 수동피부아나필락시스 반응도 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 PEM381은 알레르기성 비염, 아토피 피부염 및 기관지천식 같은 제I형 알레르기 질환에 대하여 예방 및 치료에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti type I allergic effects and mechanisms of the phyto extract mixture (PEM381) which contains Camellia sinensis (leaf), Psidium guajava (leaf), and Rosa hybrida (flower). PEM381 was tested for its inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid cascade related enzymes (5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase), the mast cell mediated allergic reaction and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. $IC_{50}$ value of PEM381 against 5-lipoxygenase was $14.11{\pm}0.51ppm$ while that of positive control (nordihy-droguaiaretic acid) was $0.54{\pm}0.08ppm$. PEM381 also exhibited considerable selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. PEM381 could inhibit both degranulation and histamine release in a dose dependent manner from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80. In addition, oral administration of PEM381 showed an inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE antibody in mice. These results suggest that PEM381 may be useful for the prevention and treatment of type Ⅰ allergy related diseases.

수열합성에 의한 c축 배향 ZnO 나노로드 배열의 성장과 구조, 광학적 특성

김경범,김창일,정영훈,이영진,백종후,Kim, Kyoung-Bum,Kim, Chang-Il,Jeong, Young-Hun,Lee, Young-Jin,Paik, Jong-Hoo 한국전기전자재료학회 2010 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

ZnO nanorods array have been grown on the seed crystal coated Si(100) substrate by hydrothermal method. The growth, structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods array were investigated with a variation of precursor concentration from 0.01 M to 0.04 M. The array density of grown ZnO nanorods per same area was increased with increasing the concentration of precursor solution. Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with hexagonal wurtzite structure have highly preferred c-axis orientation along (002) lattice plane. Especially, ZnO nanorods array developed from 0.04 M precursor solution showed a diameter of about 85 nm and length of 1.2 {\mu}m$ without any crystallographic defects. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnO nanorods from heavier precursor concentration exhibited stronger UV emission around 380 nm corresponding with near-band-edge emission.

경추손상환자에서의 임상적 분석과 치료의 고찰

김경범,최휴진,신현철,김익수,김기욱,허재택,김형동 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.4

수정합성공정에 의한 무연 (1-x)BaTiO₃-x(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ (0.01≤x≤0.10) 세라믹의 PTCR 특성 연구

김경범,김창일,정영훈,이영진,백종후,이우영,김대준,Kim, Kyoung-Bum,Kim, Chang-Il,Jeong, Young-Hun,Lee, Young-Jin,Paik, Jong-Hoo,Lee, Woo-Young,Kim, Dae-Joon 한국전기전자재료학회 2010 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.23 No.12

$(1-x)BaTiO_3-x(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3$ ($0.01{\leq}x{\leq}0.10$) ceramics were fabricated with muffled sintering by a modified synthesis process. Their positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) characteristics were investigated systematically. All specimen showed a perovskite structure with a tetragonal symmetry. Both the lattice parameter of a and c axes were slightly decreased with increasing $(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3$ (BNT) content. Grain growth was achieved when the incorporated BNT was increased to 6 mol% and the inhibition of grain growth is considered to be due to the appearance of Ba vacancy ($V^{"}_{Ba}$) in the $(1-x)BaTiO_3-x(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3$ ($0.08{\leq}x$). With 4 mol% BNT addition, room temperature resistivity decreased to $48 \Omega{\cdot}cm$ and a resistivity jump ($\rho_{max}/\rho_{min}$) was as high as $1.1{\times}10^4$, respectively. Curie temperature was also increased to $171^{\circ}C$ with increasing BNT content.

불소계 플라즈마에 노출된 YAG 세라믹스의 식각거동 및 XPS 분석

김경범,김대민,이정기,오윤석,김형태,김형순,이성민,Kim, Kyeong-Beom,Kim, Dae-Min,Lee, Jung-Ki,Oh, Yoon-Suk,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Kim, Hyung-Sun,Lee, Sung-Min 한국세라믹학회 2009 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Chemical composition and status of chemical bonding of the YAG($Y_3Al_5O_{12}$) ceramics after the exposure to fluorine plasma have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, with the analysis on its erosion behavior. On the surface, F showed the maximum content, decreasing with depth, meanwhile the cation composition remained almost constant, irrespective of the position. The peaks due to Y in the reaction layer consisted of two kinds, showing the Y-O and Y-F bonds. These surface modifications under fluorine plasma seem to promote the erosion of the YAG ceramics. Excess addition of $Al_2O_3$ or $Y_2O_3$ into stoichiometric YAG produced 2nd phases of $Al_2O_3$ and $YAlO_3$, respectively, resulting in the slight difference in the local erosion rates. But, the overall average erosion rate was not sensitive to such excess additions of $Al_2O_3$ or $Y_2O_3$.