환경은 회사의 일부입니다.

권경제 한국환경기술인연합회 2000 환경기술인 Vol.172 No.-

잠김 금속판(LCP-DF)을 이용한 대퇴골 원위부의 관절외 복합골절 치료시 나사못 배열에 따른 생체역학적 안정성 분석

권경제,조명래,오종건,이성재,Kwon, Gyeong-Je,Jo, Myoung-Lae,Oh, Jong-Keon,Lee, Sung-Jae 대한의용생체공학회 2010 의공학회지 Vol.31 No.3

The locking compression plates-distal femur(LCP-DF) are being widely used for surgical management of the extra-articular complex fractures of the distal femur. They feature locking mechanism between the screws and the screw holes of the plate to provide stronger fixation force with less number of screws than conventional compression bone plate. However, their biomechanical efficacies are not fully understood, especially regarding the number of the screws inserted and their optimal configurations. In this study, we investigated effects of various screw configurations in the shaft and the condylar regions of the femur in relation to structural stability of LCP-DF system. For this purpose, a baseline 3-D finite element (FE) model of the femur was constructed from CT-scan images of a normal healthy male and was validated. The extra-articular complex fracture of the distal femur was made with a 4-cm defect. Surgical reduction with LCP-DF and bone screws were added laterally. To simulate various cases of post-op screw configurations, screws were inserted in the shaft (3~5 screws) and the condylar (4~6 screws) regions. Particular attention was paid at the shaft region where screws were inserted either in clustered or evenly-spaced fashion. Tied-contact conditions were assigned at the bone screws-plate whereas general contact condition was assumed at the interfaces between LCP-DF and bone screws. Axial compressive load of 1,610N(2.3 BW) was applied on the femoral head to reflect joint reaction force. An average of 5% increase in stiffness was found with increase in screw numbers (from 4 to 6) in the condylar region, as compared to negligible increase (less than 1%) at the shaft regardless of the number of screws inserted or its distribution, whether clustered or evenly-spaced. At the condylar region, screw insertion at the holes near the fracture interface and posterior locations contributed greater increase in stiffness (9~13%) than any other locations. Our results suggested that the screw insertion at the condylar region can be more effective than at the shaft during surgical treatment of fracture of the distal femur with LCP-DF. In addition, screw insertion at the holes close to the fracture interface should be accompanied to ensure better fracture healing.

Cordycepin Suppresses Expression of Diabetes Regulating Genes by Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation in Macrophages

신슬미,이성원,권정학,문선희,이성종,이종길,조경혜,하남주,김경제 대한면역학회 2009 Immune Network Vol.9 No.3

Background: It has been recently noticed that type 2 diabetes (T2D), one of the most common metabolic diseases, causes a chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system that are closely involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal mushroom, produces a component compound, cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosine). Cordycepin has been known to have many pharmacological activities including immunological stimulating, anti-cancer, and anti-infection activities. The molecular mechanisms of cordycepin in T2D are not clear. In the present study, we tested the role of cordycepin on the anti-diabetic effect and anti-inflammatory cascades in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: We confirmed the levels of diabetes regulating genes mRNA and protein of cytokines through RT-PCR and western blot analysis and followed by FACS analysis for the surface molecules. Results: Cordycepin inhibited the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-activated macrophages via suppressing protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. T2D regulating genes such as 11β-HSD1 and PPARγ were decreased as well as expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as ICAM-1 and B7-1/-2 were also decreased with the increment of its concentration. In accordance with suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production lead to inhibition of diabetic regulating genes in activated macrophages. Cordycepin suppressed NF-κB activation in LPS-activated macrophages. Conclusion: Based on these observations, cordycepin suppressed T2D regulating genes through the inactivation of NF-κB dependent inflammatory responses and suggesting that cordycepin will provide potential use as an immunomodulatory agent for treating immunological diseases.

국내산 및 수입산 냉동 송이버섯과 능이버섯의 수분함량과 Drip양 비교

김소망(So-Mang Kim),김경제(Kyeong-Je Kim),조아로(A-Ro Jo),박준기(Jun-Ki Park),조천호(Cheon-Ho Jo),권기성(Kisung Kwon),김중범(Jung-Beom Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.47 No.4

본 연구는 인위적으로 증량된 냉동 송이버섯 및 능이버섯의 유통을 차단할 방안을 모색하고자 냉동 송이버섯 및 능이버섯에 인위적으로 증량된 첨가물과 수분 및 drip양을 실험하였다. 국내산 및 수입산 냉동 송이버섯 및 능이버섯에 대해 첨가물별 정성시험을 실시한 결과 모두 음성으로 나타나 냉동 송이버섯 및 능이버섯의 인위적 증량을 위해 첨가물이 사용되지 않았음을 확인하였다. 냉동 송이버섯의 수분함량은 국내산이 88.54%로 가장 낮았으며, 연길 90.65%, 티베트 92.75%, 운남 94.88%로 시료 간 유의적 차이를 나타내었고, 능이버섯의 수분함량은 중국산 92.37%, 국내산 91.63%로 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 중국산 냉동 송이버섯을 산지별로 확보하여 해동 후 drip%를 측정한 결과 티베트 및 운남산 냉동 송이버섯이 각각 23.13%, 20.07%, 연길산 냉동 송이버섯이 14.51%, 국내산 냉동 송이버섯이 11.65%로 국내산보다 중국산 냉동 송이버섯에서 다량의 drip이 발생하였다. 냉동 능이버섯의 경우 국내산 20.79%, 중국산 22.69%로 두 집단 간 drip양에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 따라서 국내산 냉동 송이버섯보다 유의적으로 높은 수분함량과 drip양을 나타낸 운남 및 티베트산 냉동 송이버섯의 경우 세척 과정 중 장시간 물 침지를 실시하여 인위적 증량을 하였을 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 생송이버섯을 각각 0.5에서 24시간까지 물 침지한 후 냉동시켜 해동하였을 때 발생한 drip양을 비교한 결과 대조구의 경우 8.84%, 2시간 침지한 경우 21.42%로 물 침지 시간이 증가함에 따라 drip양이 증가하였다. 생능이버섯을 0.5에서 24시간 동안 각각 물 침지하여 drip양을 측정한 결과 침지 시간이 길어질수록 무게가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 따라서 침지 시간에 따른 drip양 변화를 기반으로 인위적 가수 여부를 판단할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 중국산 냉동 송이버섯의 경우 수입 시 발생할 수 있는 검역문제를 예방하기 위해 물로 세척한 후 냉동하여 수입하는 특징을 가지고 있어 물 침지를 실시하지 않은 냉동 송이버섯의 drip양을 인위적 증량 판별 기준점으로 선정하기 곤란하다. 따라서 내용량이 표시량보다 20% 이상 부족할 경우 행정처분을 가하는 식품위생법과 2시간 이상 물 침지를 실시하여야 drip양이 20%를 초과하는 본 실험결과 및 송이버섯 세척에 2시간 이상 소요되지 않는 세척공정을 고려하여 drip양 20%를 냉동 송이버섯의 인위적 증량 기준점으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study investigated the additives and water content used for artificial weight increase in frozen Tricholoma matsutake and Sarcodon aspratus. No additives were detected in mushrooms based on the additives identification test. Moisture content of domestic frozen T. matsutake was lowest at 88.54%, whereas those of Yanji, Tibet, and Yunnan were found to be 90.65%, 92.75%, and 94.88%, respectively. The drip% of frozen T. matsutake in Tibet, Yunnan, and Yanji were 23.13%, 20.07%, and 14.51%, respectively, whereas drip% of domestic frozen T. matsutake was 11.65%. The drip% of frozen S. aspratus was 20.79% of Korean and 22.69% of Chinese products, with no significant difference between the two groups. It is suspected that long-term water immersion is carried out during the washing process for frozen T. matsutake from Tibet and Yunnan, which showed significantly higher moisture content and drip% than domestic frozen T. matsutake. Artificial water immersion of raw T. matsutake was performed from 0.5 to 24 hours respectively, followed by freezing and thawing to compare the drip amount. As a result of artificial water immersion of T. matsutake, higher than 20% drip percentage was observed 2 hours after water immersion. Considering that water immersion processes do not take longer than 2 hours to wash mushrooms and food hygiene applies administrative measures when the net weight is 20% or less than the stated quantity, we suggest higher than 20% drip percentage to judge the artificial weight increase in frozen T. matsutake.

Immunostimulatory Effects of Cordyceps militaris on Macrophages by the Enhanced Production of Cytokines through the Activation of NF-κB

신슬미,이성정,조경해,권정학,이성원,공현석,김경제 대한면역학회 2010 Immune Network Vol.10 No.2

Cordyceps militaris has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases and is reported to have antitumor and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacological and biochemical mechanisms of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) on macrophages have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we tested the How CME induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines,transcription factor and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules was examined. Methods: We confirmed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines mRNA and protein of cytokines through RT-PCR and western blot analysis and followed by FACS analysis for the surface molecules. Results:CME increased the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2, dose-dependently and induced protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by western blot and RT-PCR analysis,respectively. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as ICAM-1, B7-1, and B7-2 was enhanced by CME. Furthermore, the activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB in macrophages was stimulated by CME. Conclusion:Based on these observations, CME increased proinflammatory cytokines through the activation of NF-κB, further suggesting that CME will provide potential use as an immune enhancing agent for treating immunological diseases.

시판 후 임상시험에 대한 의료법 제23조의2 부당한 경제적 이익 등의 취득 금지와 명확성의 원칙

김형선 ( Hyung Sun Kim ),김경제 ( Kyong Je Kim ),권경희 ( Kyeng Hee Kwon ) 세계헌법학회 한국학회 2013 世界憲法硏究 Vol.19 No.2

There are post-approval studies, such as Post Marketing Surveillance and clinical trials, which are conducted to assess and identify the drug`s effectiveness and safety at the population level. However, there has been evidence that the marketing department of some pharmaceutical companies have used the studies for kickbacks, which have generated a lot of controversy. Also, several courts` judgments and assessments of the Fair Trade Commission conflict with each other for determining whether the purpose of the studies were to support the process of kickbacks. The reason for this debate is because the post-approval study guideline of the Anti-kickbacks dual punishment law is against the principle of definiteness within the constitutional law. The principle of definiteness within the constitutional law states that the law should clearly describe the lawmaker`s will and there is a distinction between the things that the law covers and the things that the law does not cover. Re-examination of current laws about post-approval studies should be conducted. Also, detail guidelines and management plans are needed for the Post-approval study of the pharmaceutical companies in order to protect the validity of the study. In addition, pharmaceutical companies should hire and train experts of the post-approval study. In addition, investigators should be appropriately trained for this kind of study. Then, due to these efforts, the perception of post-marketing studies can change and the drug`s practical use and safety data can be fully utilized in the real world.

Role of Cordycepin and Adenosine on the Phenotypic Switch of Macrophages via Induced Anti-inflammatory Cytokines

신슬미,문선희,박윤희,권정학,이승정,이종길,조경혜,김경제 대한면역학회 2009 Immune Network Vol.9 No.6

Background: Chronic low grade inflammation is closely linked to type II diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Macrophages play a key role in the regulation of pro- or anti- inflammatory actions at the lesion sites of disease. Components of cordyceps militaris, cordycepin and adenosine, have been used for the modulation of inflammatory diseases. The effects of cordycepin in the modulation of macrophages have yet to be be elucidated. We investigated the effects of cordycepin and adenosine on the morphological changes of macrophages under the inflammatory condition of LPS and an anti-inflammatory condition involving high concentrations of adenosine. Methods: We confirmed the mRNA levels of the M1/M2 cytokine genes through RT-PCR and morphological change. Results: LPS-activated macrophages returned to their inactivated original shape, i.e., they looked like naïve macrophages, through the treatment with high concentrations of cordycepin (40 μg/ml). LPS and adenosine activated macrophages also returned to their original inactivated shapes after cordycepin treatment; however, at relatively higher levels of cordycepin than adenosine. This change did not occur with relatively low concentrations of cordycepin. Adenosine down-regulated the gene expression of M1 cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and chemokines (CX3CR1, RANTES), such as cordycepin. Additionally, M2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-1ra, TGF-β) were up-regulated by both cordycepin and adenosine. Conclusion: Based on these observations, both cordycepin and adenosine regulated the phenotypic switch on macrophages and suggested that cordycepin and adenosine may potentially be used as immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease. Background: Chronic low grade inflammation is closely linked to type II diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Macrophages play a key role in the regulation of pro- or anti- inflammatory actions at the lesion sites of disease. Components of cordyceps militaris, cordycepin and adenosine, have been used for the modulation of inflammatory diseases. The effects of cordycepin in the modulation of macrophages have yet to be be elucidated. We investigated the effects of cordycepin and adenosine on the morphological changes of macrophages under the inflammatory condition of LPS and an anti-inflammatory condition involving high concentrations of adenosine. Methods: We confirmed the mRNA levels of the M1/M2 cytokine genes through RT-PCR and morphological change. Results: LPS-activated macrophages returned to their inactivated original shape, i.e., they looked like naïve macrophages, through the treatment with high concentrations of cordycepin (40 μg/ml). LPS and adenosine activated macrophages also returned to their original inactivated shapes after cordycepin treatment; however, at relatively higher levels of cordycepin than adenosine. This change did not occur with relatively low concentrations of cordycepin. Adenosine down-regulated the gene expression of M1 cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and chemokines (CX3CR1, RANTES), such as cordycepin. Additionally, M2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-1ra, TGF-β) were up-regulated by both cordycepin and adenosine. Conclusion: Based on these observations, both cordycepin and adenosine regulated the phenotypic switch on macrophages and suggested that cordycepin and adenosine may potentially be used as immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease.

Activation of macrophages by the components produced from Cordyceps militaris

김현희,김광희,한신하,이성정,권정학,이성원,김경제 대한면역학회 2007 Immune Network Vol.7 No.2

Background: Cordyceps militaris have been reported to modify the immune and inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Macrophages play important roles in the innate immunity through the phagocytosis of antigens. This study examined the effects of Cordyceps militaris on the activation of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Methods: The components contained in culture broth of Cordyceps militaris were purified by propyl alcohol extraction and HP 20 column chromatography to CMDB, CMDBW, CMDB5P, and CMDB25P. The amounts of nitric oxide (NO) were determined by using ELISA, Griess reagent respectively. The amounts of some cytokines were determined by using ELISA, western blot, and RT-PCR The expression levels of cell surface molecules (ICAM-1, B7-1 and B7-2) were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Results: All the components of Cordyceps militaris produced significant amounts of NO. In particular, CMDB produced much more NO in RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages than other fractions of Cordyceps militaris. CMDB increased significantly the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 dose-dependently in RAW 264.7 cells. Examination of the gene expression level also showed that the enhanced production of cytokines was correlated with the up-regulation of i-NOS expression, cycloxygenase (COX)-2 expression, IL-1β and IL-6 expression, and TNF-α expression on the expression of mRNAs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR Western blot analysis also confirmed that CMDB enhances the expression level of these cytokines. Conclusion: These results show that CMDB stimulates the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines and can also up-regulate the gene expression levels in macrophages.

Dietary Aloe Improves Insulin Sensitivity via the Suppression of Obesity-induced Inflammation in Obese Mice

신은주,이종길,심규석,공현석,이성원,신슬미,권정학,주태형,박영인,김경제 대한면역학회 2011 Immune Network Vol.11 No.1

Background: Insulin resistance is an integral feature of metabolic syndromes, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we evaluated whether the aloe component could reduce obesity-induced inflammation and the occurrence of metabolic disorders such as blood glucose and insulin resistance. Methods: Male C57BL/6 obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 54 days received a supplement of aloe formula (PAG, ALS, Aloe QDM, and Aloe QDM complex) or pioglitazone (PGZ) and were compared with unsupplemented controls (high-fat diet; HFD) or mice fed a regular diet (RD). RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to quantify the expression of obesity-induced inflammation. Results:Aloe QDM lowered fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin compared with HFD. Obesity-induced inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, -6, -12, TNF-α) and chemokine (CX3CL1, CCL5)mRNA and protein were decreased markedly, as was macrophage infiltration and hepatic triglycerides by Aloe QDM. At the same time, Aloe QDM decreased the mRNA and protein of PPARγ/LXRα and 11β-HSD1 both in the liver and WAT. Conclusion: Dietary aloe formula reduces obesity-induced glucose tolerance not only by suppressing inflammatory responses but also by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines in the WAT and liver, both of which are important peripheral tissues affecting insulin resistance. The effect of Aloe QDM complex in the WAT and liver are related to its dual action on PPARγ and 11β-HSD1 expression and its use as a nutritional intervention against T2D and obesity-related inflammation is suggested.

과학기술발전과 진흥…이것부터

권숙일,조남진,오정무,이은웅,백장현,박영호,이광영,강박광,윤영훈,권순찬,김동한,김창식,권선록,김경제,박택규,김명자,권태완,김진수,정완호,김주목,Gwon, Suk-Il,Jo, Nam-Jin,O, Jeong-Mu,Lee, Eun-Ung,Baek, Jang-Hyeon,Park, Yeong-Ho,Lee, Gwang-Yeong,Gang, Park-Gwang,Yun, 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1992 과학과 기술 Vol.25 No.2