어문학(語文學) : <적벽대전赤壁>의 할리우드 콤플렉스

곽수경 ( Su Kyoung Kwak ) 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 중국연구소 2010 中國硏究 Vol.48 No.-

섬을 보는 두 가지 시선과 장르 활용의 효과

곽수경(Kwak, Su Kyoung) 동국대학교 영상미디어센터 2016 씨네포럼 Vol.0 No.23

영화에서 공간적 배경은 대단히 중요한 요소인데, 섬은 훌륭한 배경이 될 수 있는 공간의 하나임에도 불구하고 우리나라뿐만 아니라 외국의 경우에도 섬을 배경으로 한 영화가 많지 않고 그나마 왜곡된 이미지로 그려지는 경우가 많다. 영화에서 섬은 대부분 파라다이스, 아니면 끔찍한 사건이 일어나는 공간으로 양분되고 있는 것이다. 이는 오리엔탈리즘에서 서양이 헤게모니를 가지고 동양을 타자화한 것처럼 섬과 육지의 관계에 있어서도 육지가 헤게모니를 가지고 섬을 타자화했기 때문에 섬의 이미지가 낭만적이고 신비로운 곳, 아니면 고립되고 낙후된 곳으로 형상화된다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 최근에는 ‘타자’의 의미가 새롭게 해석되듯이 섬에 대해서도 육지와 다른 고유한 가치와 의미를 주목하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영화 <맘마미아>의 공간적 배경인 섬을 중심으로 이상에서 언급한 내용이 어떻게 나타나는지를 분석하였다. 그것은 섬을 배경으로 한 대부분의 영화들과 달리 섬을 보는 두 가지 시선이 공존하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 뮤지컬과 로맨틱코미디 장르를 활용하여 섬을 긍정적인 공간으로 형상화하고 있다. <맘마미아>는 아름다운 섬의 풍광과 사랑의 신화의 결합이라는 형태를 통해 섬의 낭만성과 신비성을 표현하고 섬사람인 주인공들을 통해 섬의 낙후성과 고립성을 이야기 하는 동시에 섬사람들의 낙관적인 기질과 자족적이고 자주적이며 바다를 통해 세상과 소통하는 섬의 모습을 그려낸다. 또한 뮤지컬과 로맨틱코미디 장르를 사용하여 힘겨운 섬의 현실을 유쾌하게 받아들이는 섬사람들과 모두가 하나가 되어 사랑과 행복을 누리는 공간으로서의 섬의 모습을 완성하고 있다. A background is an very important element in movies, although an island can become an excellent background, there are not many movies not only in Korea but also in foreign countries that take places in an island and an island is usually portrayed in a distorted image. In a movie, an island is depicted as either a paradise or a terrible space. This is because as the West otherized Asia with its on hegemony in orientalism, the land also otherized islands with its own hegemony in the relationship of land and island. However, attention has recently been paid to new values on islands that are different from the land as the meaning of ‘otherization’ is interpreted in different ways. By focusing on the island, which is the background of movie Mamma Mia!, this study analyzed how the aforementioned details are expressed in the movie. Unlike most movies that take places in an island, it not only has a coexistence of two views on the island but also portrays the island positively using the musical and comedy genre. Through the beautiful scenery and the myth of love, Mamma Mia! expresses romantic-ness and mysteriousness and discusses lagging behind and isolation. In addition, it also illustrated the islanders" optimistic tendencies, self-sufficiency, autonomy, and communication with the world through the sea. Finally, the movie used the musical genre to complete the island as a space where the islanders accept their reality pleasantly and enjoy happiness as one.

영상매체에 나타난 청산도 이미지 분석

곽수경(Kwak, Su-Kyoung) 역사문화학회 2017 지방사와 지방문화 Vol.20 No.1

우리나라는 3,000개가 넘는 섬을 가지고 있으며 그 하나하나가 육지와, 또 다른 섬들과 다른 독특한 매력을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 대부분 영상매체의 관심도 적고, 영상작품 속에서 고립적이고 폐쇄적이며 부정적인 공간으로 재현되는 경우가 많아 낙원의 이미지와는 거리가 멀다. 그런 점에서 접근성이 떨어지는 청산도가 일찍부터 지속적으로 영상매체의 관심을 받아왔고 긍정적인 이미지로 그려지고 있는 것은 특이한 일이라고 할 수 있다. 청산도는 영화 <서편제>를 시작으로 최근까지 여러 편의 텔레비전드라마의 배경이 되었다. 청산도는 이들 영상매체를 통해 소개되고 긍정적 이미지로 그려지면서 전국적 인지도와 지역브랜드를 확립하고 많은 관광객을 유치하고 있는데, 본고에서는 청산도를 배경으로 한 영상작품들을 대상으로 인생, 고향, 첫사랑, 자연이라는 네 가지 테마로 나누어 분석하고 그 속에서 청산도의 총체적인 이미지를 찾아보았다. 이를 통해 현재의 관광정책과의 연관성을 살피고 향후 이것을 청산도의 관광산업과 정책은 물론이고 다양한 분야에서 활용할 수 있도록 하고자 하였다. 지역에 대한 영상매체의 관심이 지속되고 그 성과가 문화로 정착하고 문화적 자산으로 남기 위해서는 적절한 정책적 지원과 활용이 뒷받침되어야 한다. 청산도는 이미 2007년 말 아시아 최초의 슬로시티로 선정되었는데, 영상매체를 통해 그려진 청산도의 이미지는 전통과 현대가 어우러지고 여유와 느림의 미학을 실천하는 슬로시티의 철학과 목표와 부합하며, 영상매체로 인한 긍정적 이미지를 활용하는 구체적 실천방향을 제대로 설정했음을 알 수 있었다. Korea has over 3,000 islands. And, despite the fact that each and every one of them has the unique attractiveness that is different from the land and, also, the other islands, because the interest, too, of the visual media in most of them is small, because they are isolated and closed within the visual works of art, and because there are many cases in which they are reappeared as the negative spaces, they are far away from the image of a paradise. It is with regard to this point that the fact that the Cheongsando Island, of which the accessibility is poor, has been continuing to receive the interest of the visual media from an earlier time is an unusual happening. Beginning with the <Seopyeonje> and until recently, the Cheongsando Island became the background of a lot of terrestrial television dramas. While being introduced through the visual media and while being portrayed with a positive image, the Cheongsando Island has been establishing the nationwide level of awareness and the regional brand and has been attracting a lot of tourists. In this manuscript, with the visual works of art with the Cheongsando Island as the background as the subjects, the subjects were divided into the four themes of life, hometown, first love, and nature and were analyzed. And we looked for the overall images of the Cheongsando Island within them. Through this, the relationship with the present tourism policy was taken a look at. And it was intended to utilize this not only for the tourism industry and policy of the Cheongsando Island but, also, in the diverse fields in the future. In order for the interest in the visual media regarding the regions to continue and in order for the results to settle down in the culture and remain as the cultural assets, the appropriate policy support and utilizations must support it. The Cheongsando Island was already selected as the very first Slowcity in Asia at the end of the year 2007. We were able to find out that, in the image of the Cheongsando Island, which was portrayed through the visual media, the traditions and the modernity were harmonized, that the image conformed to the philosophy and the goal of the Slowcity, which puts the aesthetics of the composure and the slowness, and that a specific direction for putting into practice which utilizes the positive image was established properly.

문학 : 중국의 한국드라마와 한류스타 현상

곽수경 ( Su Kyoung Kwak ) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센타 중국연구소 2005 中國硏究 Vol.35 No.-

해역네트워크의 관점에서 본 청산도 슬로관광

곽수경(Kwak, Su-Kyoung) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.62

If a certain area on the sea is called a sea region, the islands, the coast, and even the inland, which are connected and influential to it can be called the Sea Region Network. Recently, the island has attracted attention like a marine territory, a treasure trove of resources, and a fascinating tourist spot. In particular, as people’s leisure styles diversify and demand island travel increases, links with land are also increasing. A typical example is Cheongsando island located in Wando. Cheongsando island, located at the southernmost tip of Dadohae, requires a one-hour boat ride from Wando port and is less accessible. However, it continued to publicize the Cheongsando island by making natural resources such as natural beauty, Gudeuljangnon (Gudeuljangnon; paddy field is imitative of Korean floor heating system), Chobun(Chobun; cover the body with grass to make a tomb, leave it for a year or three, and bury the bone again), and Haenyeo (Haenyeo; female diver) as common assets and putting beautiful natural scenery in video works. It was also recognized as Asia"s first Slow City, drawing attention from people on land. It succeeded in creating a network with land by creating a Slow Path, holding a Slow Walking Festival and bringing them in. In this regard, this manuscript focused on Slow Tourism in Cheongsando island from the perspective of the Sea Region Network that leads to the island-sea-land. In other words, Cheongsando island is recognized as a Slow City and has created a Slow Path, and the Slow Walking Festival is attracting land people to Cheongsando island. These three elements, combined under the theme of “Slow,” are viewed as a direct means of forming and operating a network with land, while constructing Slow Tourism. Their meanings and roles, problems, and improvement plans were analyzed and their sustainability was sought.

청산도의 <서편제>마케팅과 슬로마케팅

곽수경(Kwak, Su-Kyoung) 동북아시아문화학회 2017 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.51

The influences of the visual media on the public are powerful. Because the places that were exposed in the visual media make the deep impressions remain, a lot of visitors visit, too. But, in order for this to not stop at being a temporary phenomenon, either the heavy cultural soil of the concerned region must be the foundation or the demand and the desires of the visitors must be satisfied through the appropriate tourism products and through the execution of the appropriate policies. While being introduced with a good image beginning with ‘Seopyeonje’ and through the television dramas and the entertainment programs, the Cheonsando Island heightened the nationwide level of awareness. And, by implementing the tourism policies that meet this, it has been luring a lot of tourists. In this manuscript, the causes of the success were found in the ‘Seopyeonje’ marketing and the Slowcity policy. When considering that the time limit by which the visual media have the influences on the public is 3 years ordinarily, the influences of the Cheongsando Island have been continuing by having the visual works of art get filmed by having the effective cycles. Although, actually, each and every visual work of art had appealed to the diverse consumption brackets and had played a role that had been similar but different, by engaging in the visual marketing which concentrates on the ‘Seopyeonje’, the Cheongsando Island used the strategy of definitely establishing the level of awareness of the region and the brand and spreading the effects. Thereby, the other visual media, too, have been made to continuously possess the interest in the Cheongsando Island. And, meanwhile, by pursuing the Slowcity policy that harmonizes with the image of the Cheongsando Island, which is depicted by the visual works of art, and by proceeding with the Slow Walking Festival, the direct result of making the tourists come to visit has been garnered. Of course, because the tourism policy of the Cheongsando Island is still in the elementary phase, which attaches the importance on the increase of the number of the tourists, there remains the task of elevating to a higher phase which considers the qualitative level of the tourism industry. However, I believe that, as a successful case example that connects the influences of the visual media with the specific results, it will provide a point of suggestion to a lot of the local governments that have been promoting the attraction of the visual media.

시월애>와 <김씨표류기>에 나타난 섬과 소통의 의미

곽수경 ( Su Kyoung Kwak ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2015 현대영화연구 Vol.11 No.1

최근에는 섬이 해양영토로 인식되고 다양한 방송프로그램을 통해 자주 소개되면서 다각도로 섬에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 그에 비해 섬을 배경으로 한 영화는 많지 않을 뿐만 아니라 섬에 대한 편견과 부정적 시각을 담고 있는 경우가 많다. 그것은 섬을 배경으로 한 영화하면 언뜻 우리영화 <극락도 살인사건>(2007)이나 <김복남 살인사건의 전말>(2010), 할리우드영화 <셔터 아일랜드>(2009) 등을 떠올리기가 쉬운데, 이들 영화에서 섬은 고립되고 폐쇄되어 있으며 끔찍한 사건이 벌어지는 곳으로 묘사되고 있는 것만 봐도 알 수 있다. 이런 경향은 ‘고립성’이라는 섬의 지리적 특성을 ‘단절’의 관점으로만 보는 데에서 기인했다고 할 수 있다. 섬을 단순히 육지와 단절되어 있는 공간으로만 본다면 끔찍한 사건이 일어나거나 벗어나고 싶은 곳으로 인식되겠지만, 만약 바다를 통해 육지와 연결된다고 본다면 육지와 다른 매력을 가진 곳으로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 이런 관점에서 이 글에서는 이현승 감독의 <시월애>(2000)와 이해준 감독의 <김씨표류기>(2009)를 대상으로 하여 물리적인 섬과 섬을 상징하는 공간이 가지고 있는 의미, 섬의 고립성을 이해하는 데 있어서 중요한 코드인 소통의 의미를 고찰함으로써 영화에 나타난 섬에 대한 인식을 살펴보았으며, 향후 영화 속에서 섬이 훨씬 다양한 공간으로 형상화되고 그에 따른 연구도 활발해지기를 기대해보았다. 먼저, 이들 영화에서 물리적인 섬과 섬을 상징하는 공간으로 <시월애>의 석모도와 일마레(Il-Mare), <김씨표류기>의 밤섬과 아파트 골방을 들 수 있다. 석모도는 영화가 실제로 촬영된 곳으로 멋진 바다를 통해 섬을 상징하는 일 마레라는 공간을 근사하게 보여준다. 일마레는 외딴 섬의 형상과 방어적이면서도 자연친화적인 구조를 가지고 있는데, 그것은 곧 인간의 원천적인 고독과 아들을 향한 아버지의 사랑이 형상화된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 바로 이 공간을 통해 주요 인물들이 이어지고 용서와 사랑이 이루어짐으로써 외롭고 고독했던 섬의 이미지는 따뜻하고 정겨운 섬의 이미지로 전환된다. 한편 <김씨표류기>의 배경의 하나인 밤섬은 고층빌딩으로 상징되는 기계적이고 비정한 현대사회와 대비되어 스스로 강인한 생명력을 내뿜고 있을 뿐만 아니라 생명을 잉태하고 길러내는 원시공간으로 상징되고 있다. 반면 아파트 골방은 외부세계를 철저하게 차단하고 고립된 세계로 존재한다는 점에서 부정적인 의미에서 섬을 상징하고 있다. 따라서 <김씨표류기>에는 강인한 생명력을 가진 원시공간을 상징하는 섬과 음울하고 폐쇄적인 공간을 상징하는 섬의 이미지가 공존하고 있다. 영화에서는 이들 공간뿐만 아니라 인물들 또한 고독하고 고립된 존재로서 외딴 섬의 이미지를 가지고 있는데, 이들은 상호 소통을 통해 서로를 이해하고 용서하고 손을 잡음으로써 그것을 극복한다. 그들은 모두 편지를 통해 소통하는데, 은주와 성현은 시간의 경계를 모호하게 하는 우편함을, 남자김씨와 여자김씨는 모래사장과 와인병을 이용해서 편지를 주고받는다. 그들은 신속하고 편리한 디지털 방식이 아니라 느리고 번거로운 아날로그 방식을 사용함으로써 보다 직접적이고 진솔한 감정을 주고받는 한편 관객들에게 향수와 아련함, 따뜻함, 로맨틱한 정서를 불러일으킴으로써 그들이 마음대로 시간을 뒤섞고 서로 손 잡는 것을 용인하게 한다. 이렇게 볼 때 이들 영화에서 섬은 일차적으로 고립되고 단절된 공간, 또한 그런 인물을 상징하고 있다. 하지만 궁극적으로는 서로에 대한 관심과 소통을 통해 용서와 사랑과 화합을 이룸으로써 단절상태를 극복한다는 긍정적인 이미지가 복합적으로 작용하고 있으며, 그로써 섬에 대한 인식의 지평을 넓히고 있다고 하겠다. Recently, because the island is recognized as the marine territory and often introduced through various TV programs, so our concern about the island is also increasing. But the movies set in the island are not much, and often having prejudices and negative views on the island. If let you tell the names of movie set in the island, you will be easy to think Paradise Murdered(2007), Bedevilled(2010) or Shutter Island(2009). In these movies, the islands are described as the places that commit terrible things like murder. It can be said that it was caused by only regarding the geographic specificity of the island as severance. Because if we only recognize that the island separate from the mainland, it will be the place that terrible affairs occur or want to escape, but if we recognize that it connects with the mainland, it will be the attractive place that is different from the mainland. In this respect, this study considered our understanding on the island in the movies by analyzing the meaning of the island and communication in A Love Story(2000) and Castaway on the Moon(2009). First of all, in these movies, the real islands and the symbols of the islands are Seongmodo and Il-Mare in A Love Story, Bamseom and the alcove of apartment in Castaway on the Moon. Seongmodo is the location of the movie, Il-Mare has a shape of remote island and eco-friendly structures, it can be said to shaped human fundamental solitude and father`s love towards his son. Through the main characters are connected with these spaces, their forgiveness and love are realized, therefore the image of a lonely and solitary island is converted to the warm and intimate island accordingly. Bamseom is in contrast with the mechanical and heartless modern society, and symbolize the primitive space that conceive and cultivate other lives as well as has its own strong vitality. On the other hand, the alcove of apartment is a symbol of the island in a negative sense, because it cut completely from the world and exists as an isolated world. Therefore the images of the island to symbolize the primitive space with strong vitality and the isolated space coexist in Castaway on the Moon. In these movies, the characters who are lonely and isolated being also have image of the island, but they understand and hold hands each other through interactions, and overcome such images. They communicate by letter, Eun-ju and Seong-hyun use letterbox, the Man Kim and the Women Kim use the sands and bottles of wine, and exchange letters. They exchange direct and honest feelings by slow and troublesome analog means, not quick and easy digital means. In this regard, the islands in these movies are primarily symbolizing isolated and disconnected space and human. But they overcome disconnection by forgiveness, love and harmony through attention and communication. So ultimately, in A Love Story and Castaway on the Moon, their positive images are working compositively, and they will broaden the horizons of recognition about the island.

개항 이후 서남바닷길의 성쇠와 대중매체 속 목포의 이미지

곽수경(Kwak, Su-Kyoung) 역사문화학회 2016 지방사와 지방문화 Vol.19 No.1

목포가 대중매체를 통해 영향력 있는 모습으로 그려진 것은 개항기 대중가요 《목포의 눈물》(1935)과 《목포는 항구다》(1942), 그리고 해방 이후의 1970년대 하이틴영화와 영화 <목포는 항구다>(2004)에서다. 이것은 각각 목포의 번영기와 쇠퇴기로, 서남바닷길의 성쇠와 관련이 깊다. 대중가요 《목포의 눈물》과 《목포는 항구다》는 열린 서남바닷길로 인해 목포가 가장 번성했던 시기에 목포를 대표하고 나라 잃은 우리 민족의 설움과 정서를 대변했다. 한편으로 당시 목포는 수탈항이었기 때문에 그것의 번성 뒤에는 우리 민족의 아픔이 자리하고 있었으며, 그러기에 서럽고 애절할 수밖에 없었다. 해방 이후 일본 · 중국과의 단절, 내륙 · 다도해와의 교류 축소, 정치경제적 소외 등으로 인해 목포는 침체기로 접어들었고, 1970년대 하이틴영화와 2004년 <목포는 항구다>를 통해 다시 모습을 드러냈지만 현대화 발전 속에서 변화하지 못하고 정체된 도시, 희화화된 건달들이 어슬렁거리고 폭력과 욕설과 사기가 난무하는 항구의 이미지로 형상화되었다. 이것은 다시 개그코너 “목포는 항구다”와 대중가요 《사생결단》등을 통해 부단히 확대, 재생산되고 있어 문제가 심각하다. 특정지역이 대중매체를 통해 알려지고 위상을 높이는 것은 결코 간단한 문제가 아니다. 자칫 왜곡된 이미지로 대중매체에 노출되면 오히려 부정적인 결과를 가져올 수밖에 없으므로 그것을 제대로 활용할 수 있는 방법을 적극 모색해야 할 것이다. Mokpo portraying as an influential port in mass media was in the pop song “Tears of Mokpo”(1935) and “Mokpo is a port”(1942) at the opening time of port and in high-teen movies(1970s) and the film 〈Mokpo is a port〉(2004) after liberation. This is the period of prosperity and decline of Mokpo respectively, and is deeply related with the rise and fall of Seonam sea route. The pop song “Tears of Mokpo” and “Mokpo is a port” represents Mokpo during the period when Mokpo prospered the most due to the opened Seonam sea route, and spoke for the sadness and the emotions of our people who lost our country. Meanwhile, since Mokpo was an exploited port, there were the sufferings and pain of our people behind its prosperity, and it was very sad and mournful. Due to the severance of relations with Japan and China, reduced trade with the inland and Dadohae, as well as political and economic alienation, Mokpo entered a period of recession. It revealed itself again through high-teen movies in the 1970s and the film “Mokpo is a port” in 2004, but it could not change during the time of modernization and development and formed its image as a port of stagnant city, where caricatured gangs roamed around and violence, cruse and fraud was rampant. This is a severe problem because such images are constantly escalated and reproduced through comedy corners ‘Mokpo is a port’ and the pop song 《Fight Desperately》, etc. It is not a simple issue for a certain region to be known through mass media and raise its status. Frequent exposure to mass media in a distorted image rather causes negative results, and thus it is necessary to find ways on how to use the image properly.

섬 축제의 경제적 효과 및 활성화 방안 - 임자도 튤립축제를 중심으로-

고두갑 ( Go Du-gab ),곽수경 ( Kwak Su- Kyoung ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2017 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.29 No.3

As for Jeonnam, it had weaker industrial foundation than other areas since the initial period of implementation of the local self-governing system and it has been interested in tourism industry as a strategy of regional economic revitalization, and the representative one is revitalization of local festival. Many local festivals have vanished since 2008 due to appearance of useless festival theory including administrative display and wastage but 86 festivals with the largest number of the country are still held in Jeonnam every year. The most important things for local festivals to be developed as continuous tourism industry are participation of local residents, establishment of support foundation, and enhancement of added value through contribution to local residents' income but Jeonnam failed to reflect full intention of local residents in tourism development process up to now and therefore, it had conflicts with residents. This study grasped festival spirit of local residents and economic ripple effect through tulip festival of Sinan-gun, the representative island region in southwest area of Jeonnam and then, it conducted investigation from such two aspects as actual value and effective value. With respect to analysis of economic ripple effect using regional input-output table, it exhibited that effect on production inducement was total 2.86 billion won, added value inducement effect was 1.11 billion won, import induction effect was 0.35 billion won, and employment inducement effect was 54 people. Evaluation on festival economic value using contingent valuation method for local residents showed estimation of 662,031,744 won. Policy implications drawn from research results are as follows. First, it was found that Sinan tulip festival had a great economic ripple effect comparing to the cost but that signal given to the regional industry by the festival was not very great. Therefore, it is necessary to connect local living environment with regional industry in order for a local festival to achieve development and expanded reproduction. Second, social value of community formation is very important to local festivals. According to a survey, local residents have a certain degree of community pride through festivals but they expect tourism or regional development than community integration through festivals. Local festivals are not relevant to direct living of most residents for a long time and are promoted to a government-initiated direction with priority to tourists and therefore, feasts with mobilized tourists but without foodstuffs and goods to buy have continued without internal instability. In the case of successful local festivals, it was found that festivals were held focusing on theme with regional characteristic and residents deeply participated in the overall process of the festivals. Therefore, it is required to seek an endogenous development model for a local festival to be connected to various characteristics of the region.

중국에서의 『대장금』현상의 배경과 시사점

곽수경 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 중국연구소 2006 中國硏究 Vol.37 No.-

This paper argued that the contents and the marketing of 『Dae Jang Gum』 and examined a new direction of Korean Wave. Because 『Dae Jang Gum』 split the world market into a few sector and sells monopoly of televising, and it takes a fusion historical television drama genre and Confucian tradition, so it can win explosive popularity in China. Through this conclusion, we confirmed the facts that it is in very urgent need of develops the high quality of contents and cultivate the special marketing manpower. Also through the various social phenomena which happens in China, we can expect that it will raise its multiplier effects by one-source multi-use strategy and reach phase of feel Korea. For these, it have to make continuous cultural interchanges and intimate element with Korea.