리더필름과 엔딩 크레딧을 중심으로 한 영화의 경계 해체에 관한 고찰: 조던 필의 <놉>과 홍상수의 <소설가의 영화>를 중심으로

김윤진 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2023 현대영화연구 Vol.19 No.3

이 글은 리더필름과 엔딩 크레딧이 영화의 경계로서 기능하고 있음에 주목하고, 이를 바탕으로 최근의 두 영화에서 나타난 영화의 경계 해체 현상을 분석한다. 먼저, 리더필름과 엔딩 크레딧이 영화 내에서 각각 시작 지점과 종료 지점에 자리하며 하나의 영화를 구획하는 경계로 기능하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 영화 속 가상 세계와 일상의 현실 세계를 구분하는 동시에 연결하는 경계로 기능하고 있는 지점을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 이들의 역할이 빛과 소음을 차단하는 영화관에서 관객들의 관람 태도를 조정하게 함으로써 중요하게 작용함을 밝혔다. 따라서 이들의 자리는 결코 변한 적이 없는데, 2022년에 개봉한 조던 필의 <놉>과 홍상수의 <소설가의 영화>에서는 각각 리더필름과 엔딩 크레딧이 기존의 자리를 벗어난 채로 나타난다. 이는 자신을 둘러싼 경계를 해체하려는 영화의 시도로써 영화가 영화관을 벗어나 온라인으로 거처를 옮긴 것과 무관하지 않다. 이어서 2000년대 할리우드 블록버스터 영화의 쿠키 영상의 활용 전략을 영화의 경계 해체의 앞선 사례로서 살펴보고, 2010년대 OTT 플랫폼의 등장으로 인해 나타난 ‘몰아보기’현상을 살펴봄으로써 변화된 미디어 환경 속에서 개별 영화들이 점점 더 분절되고 분할된 형태로 등장하게 되었음을 밝혔다. 이처럼 영화가 자신의 경계를 해체하고 ‘하나의 전체’가 아닌 ‘전체의 부분’으로 나타나는 것은 강력한 몰입 대신 연결을 유지하는 것이 더 중요해진 오늘날, 관객의 ‘보기’를 지속하기 위한 포스트 시네마의 전략이라고 할 수 있다. This study focuses on the function of the Leader film and End credits as boundaries in movies and analyzes the phenomenon of deconstructing boundaries in two recent films. First, it observed that the leader film and end credits not only function as boundaries delineating the beginning and end of a movie but also serve as thresholds that both separate and connect the fictional world of the film and the real world of daily life. Through this, it was revealed that their roles significantly influence by adjusting the audience’s viewing attitude in a cinema that blocks light and noise. Despite their unchanging positions traditionally, in Jordan Peele’s NOPE and Hong Sang-soo’s The Novelist’s Film, the leader film and end credits are displaced from their conventional positions. This shift is related to films’ attempts to deconstruct the boundaries, reflecting the migration of the cinema from movie theaters to online platforms. By examining the strategic use of post-credit scenes in Hollywood blockbuster movies from the 2000s as a precursor to boundary dissolution and the phenomenon of ‘binge-watching’ brought about by the emergence of OTT platforms in the 2010s, it has been highlighted that individual films increasingly appear in more segmented and divided forms within the evolving media environment. Therefore, the dismantling of a movie’s boundaries and its presentation not as a ‘singular whole’ but as a ‘part of the entirety’ can be viewed as a post-cinematic strategy aimed at maintaining continuous engagement over deep immersion in today’s context, where sustaining the audience’s act of watching becomes paramount.

“Possible TRALI” developed during bilateral total knee arthroplasty replacement -A case report-

김윤진,허석 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.62 No.1

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. However, it is frequently not diagnosed and under-reported, which could result in inappropriate treatment. Diagnostic definition for TRALI consists of hypoxia and bilateral pulmonary edema occurring during or within 6hours of a transfusion in the absence of cardiac failure or intravascular volume overload. Here, we report a fatal case,which resulted from under-recognition and misdiagnosis of TRALI occurring during transfusion with packed red blood cells during a bilateral total knee replacement. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. However, it is frequently not diagnosed and under-reported, which could result in inappropriate treatment. Diagnostic definition for TRALI consists of hypoxia and bilateral pulmonary edema occurring during or within 6hours of a transfusion in the absence of cardiac failure or intravascular volume overload. Here, we report a fatal case,which resulted from under-recognition and misdiagnosis of TRALI occurring during transfusion with packed red blood cells during a bilateral total knee replacement.

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’ at Different Developmental Stages

김윤진,이승연,김기선 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.1

Photosynthetic characteristics of two Cymbidium hybrids, ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’, were investigated at different developmental stages. The net CO2 assimilation rate (An) as a function of incident photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and relative humidity (RH) in a leaf chamber head was determined in a greenhouse with 1- and 2-year-old plant leaves. The maximum net CO2 assimilation rate (Anmax) in response to PPF of 1-year-old ‘Red Fire’ was 6.11 μmol·CO2·m-2·s-1 at 700 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF, whereas it was 4.9 μmol·CO2·m-2·s-1at 500 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF in ‘Yokihi’. Under low light intensity (below 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF), An was more pronounced in ‘Yokihi’ than in ‘Red Fire’. In 2-year-old Cymbidium, however, the maximum An was less than 2 μmol·CO2·m-2·s-1in both cultivars at the same CO2 condition of 600 μmol·CO2·mol-1 air. The An increased in the leaves of 2-year-old plant under an elevated CO2 condition up to 1,500 μmol·CO2·mol-1 air with increasing PPF up to about 800 μmol·m-2·s-1. The An increased with increasing Ci and showed the highest value when Ci was over 1,000 and 2,000 μmol·mol-1 air in ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’, respectively. The carboxylation efficiency of ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’ were 0.044 and 0.036 μmol·CO2·m-2·s-1, respectively, while An of ‘Yokihi’ was higher than that of ‘Red Fire’ at above 1,000 μmol·mol-1air Ci. The An tended to increase with RH, increasing from 15 to 70% in both hybrids. The Anmax of ‘Yokihi’ was observed at over 70% of RH, whereas 45% of RH was sufficient enough to show Anmax in ‘Red Fire’. The results shows that the photosynthetic characteristics of Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’ can be increased by controlling the PPF, CO2, and RH conditions and the optimal conditions for maximum photosynthetic efficiency vary by cultivar,developmental stage, and greenhouse conditions.

Effect of Night Interruption with Mist and Shade Cooling Systems on Subsequent Growth and Flowering of Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’

김윤진,김기선 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.6

Growth and flowering of Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’ plants were examined in a greenhouse with cooling systemsin summer, and with night interruption (NI) lighting in winter as a forcing culture system. The greenhouse was divided intotwo sections with separate cooling controls during the summer season. One section was cooled by a mist system (mist), whilethe other section was cooled by a shade screen (shade). During the winter, the greenhouse was redivided into three sectionswithin each cooling system. Plants were grown with NI either at a low light intensity of 3-7 μmol・m-2・s-1(LN I) or a high l ightintensity of 120 μmol・m-2・s-1(HN I) u sing h igh-pressure sodium l amps during the 22:00-02:00 HR. The control plants were grownunder 9 h short-day condition. NI for 16 weeks and cooling for 9 weeks were employed twice during the 2 years of the experimentalperiod. The air temperature was approximately 2°C lower in the mist than in the shade and the relative humidity was 80± 5% in the mist compared to 55 ± 5% in the shade. The daily light integral in the mist section was 48% higher than inthe shade section. The time from initial planting to flowering pseudobulb emergence decreased with both LNI and HNI forboth c ultivars, regardless of t he c ooling t reatments. U nder N I conditions, h owever, between 60% a nd 1 00% of p lants of b othcultivars flowered in the mist, whereas no or 20% of ‘Red Fire’ or ‘Yokihi’ plants, respectively, flowered in the shade treatmentover 2 years. Plants grown under the mist had bigger pseudobulbs than those grown in the shade under both NI treatments. These results show that commercial use of NI in winter and a mist cooling system in summer would decrease crop productiontime to 2 years and increase profits in Cymbidium forcing culture.

벤토나이트 혼합조성에 의한 Geosynthetic Clay Liners의 수리학적 특성

김윤진,김민선,최창남,류원석,전한용,Kim, Yoon-Jin,Kim, Min-Sun,Choi, Chang-Nam,Lyoo, Won-Seok,Jeon, Han-Yong 한국섬유공학회 2009 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.46 No.4

This study analyzes a hydraulic performance of GCL (geosynthetic clay liners) with and without swelling accelerating material, SAP(Super Absorbent Polymer). In the evaluation of hydraulic performance of GCL, free swell index and triaxial compression permeability tester were used by falling head permeability tester in the evaluation of hydraulic performance with the mixed soil of decomposed granite and bentonite. Permittivity of weathered granite soil and bentonite mixture was increased with SAP content and permeability of this mixture soil was also increased till bentonite content 10%.

Night Interruption and Night Temperature Regulate Flower Characteristics in Cymbidium

김윤진,박채정,노형민,김기선 한국원예학회 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.3

We investigated the influences of night interruption (NI) and night temperature on flowering and flower coloration in Cymbidium. Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ and ‘Yokihi’ were grown under a 9 hours photoperiod (control), a 9 hours photoperiod with NI at a low light intensity (LNI) of 3-7 µmol·m-2·s-1, or a 9 hours photoperiod with NI at a high light intensity (HNI) of 120 µmol·m-2· s-1 for four hours (22:00-02:00 HR)for 16 weeks during the reproductive growth stage (Experiment 1). Thirty month-old Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’plants with initiated flowering buds were placed in four different growth chamber with night temperature set points of 6, 9, 12, or 15oC for 16 hours (18:00 to 09:00 HR) and a daytime temperature of 25oC (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, the numbers of visible buds and flowers increased, and time to flowering decreased in both the LNI and HNI treatments, as compared to the control in both cultivars. Red color in Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ increased by both LNI and HNI, as evidenced by an increased a* in plants grown under these conditions, relative to those grown under the control condition. Number of days to visible buds at 9-15oC ranged from 31-34 days, as compared to 39 days at 6oC in Experiment 2. Although as the temperature increased days to flowering decreased when the plant was grown at 15oC as compared to 6, 9, or 12oC, the red color (a*) also decreased. The number of flowers and percent flowering increased when the night temperature was maintained higher than 9oC. Therefore, NI treatment and maintaining the night temperature at approximately 9-12oC during the winter season after flower spike initiation in the reproductive developmental growth stage improve flower quality and controls flowering time.

HsCRP와 맥파전달시간에 대한 연구

김윤진,민홍기,김영주,전아영,전계록,예수영,Kim, Yun-Jin,Min, Hong-Gi,Kim, Young-Joo,Jeon, Ah-Young,Jeon, Gye-Rok,Ye, Soo-Young 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and pulse transit time (PPT). Apparently healthy 233 subjects had been enrolled in the health promotion center of the Pusan National University Hospital from Jan. 29 to Feb. 26, 2004. They had no previous history of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Subjects were categorized according to tertiles of hsCRP level [Group 1: first tertile $(0.01\;{\sim}\;0.02\;mg/dl)$, Group 2: second tertile $(0.03\;{\sim}\;0.05\;mg/dl)$, Group 3: third tertile $(0.06\;{\sim}\;0.12\;mg/dl)$, and Group 4: Fourth tertile $(0.13\;{\sim}\;16.8\;mg/dl)$]. PTT body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (T-C), LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C), blood sugar (BS), systolic blood pressure (sBP) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were significantly different among hsCRP groups (p<0.05). HsCRP is positively related with BMI, tryglyceride (TG), LDL, sBP and dBP (p<0.05), and negatively related with PTT and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.05). PTT is significantly negatively related with hsCRP, T-C, TG, LDL-C, BS, dBP and sBP (p<0.05). The hsCRP and PTT were related before controlling BMI, T-C, LDL-C, sBP, and dBP, but not related after conkolling. The relationship between hsCRP and PTT depends on cardiovascular disease risk factors. 동맥경화정도를 반영하는 hsCRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein)와 경화 정도에 의한 혈류속도의 변화를 반영하는 맥파전달시간 (pulse transit time, PTT)와의 임상적 연관에 대해서는 잘 연구되어 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 hsCRP와 PTT의 연관에 미치는 영향 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 2004년 1월 29일에서 3월 2일까지 부산의 한 대학병원 건강증진센터의 수진자중에 당뇨와 고혈압 고지혈증 경력이 없는 20세 이상의 성인 233명을 대상으로 PTT을 측정하고, hsCRP와 관련 변수에 대한 검사를 실시하여 관련성을 분석했다. 연구군은 hsCRP값에 따라 4분위군으로 나누었다. 각 군의 중앙값과 범위를 보면 1분위군은 0.02 mg/이 (0.01 ${\sim}$0.02), 2분위군은 0.04 mg/이 (0.03 ${\sim}$ 0.05), 3분위군은 0.08 mg/이 (0.06 ${\sim}$ 0.12), 4분위군은 0.24 mg/이 (0.13 ${\sim}$ 16.8)이었다. 각 군에 따른 PTT와 체질량지수, 혈중지질, 혈당, 혈압의 차이를 일원분석을 할 결과 HDL 콜레스테롤을 제외한 모든 변수가 유의한 차이를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 상관분석에서 hsCRP는 체질량지수, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도콜레스테롤, 수축기와 이완기혈압에 양의 상관관계가 있었고 (p<0.05), PTT와 저밀도콜레스테롤과는 음의 상관관계가 있었다 (p<0.05). PTT는 hsCRP, 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도콜레스테롤, 공복혈당, 이완기혈압, 수축기혈압과 음의 상관관계가 있었으며 (p<0.05), 고밀도 콜레스테롤과는 상관관계가 없었다. 독립변수를 hsCRP군으로 하고, 반응변수를 PTT로 한 일반선형모델의 단변량 분석결과 hsCRP군에 따라 PTT가 유의한 차이가 있었고 (p<0.05), 연령과 성별을 통제한 후에도 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<0.05). 연령과 성별 외 체질량지수, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도콜레스테롤, 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압을 함께 통제한 후에는 유의한 차이가 없었다.

영화 속 식인과 살인을 둘러싼 카니발리즘적 욕망에 대하여 - <로우(Raw)>와 <본즈 앤 올(Bones and All)>을 중심으로 -

김윤진 한국영화평론가협회 2023 映畵 評論 Vol.35 No.-

<물안에서>가 암시하는 관객의 (그리고 영화의) 운명에 대하여

김윤진 한국영화평론가협회 2023 映畵 評論 Vol.35 No.-

한국인들이 호소하는 위식도 역류 질환 관련 증상과 8주간의 Rabeprazole 치료 효과

김윤진,박주성,김영주,이상엽,민홍기,최상한,정혜미 대한가정의학회 2006 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.27 No.6

Effect of 8-week Therapy with Rabeprazole on Presenting Symptoms in Korean Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Yun Jin Kim, M.D., Joo Sung Park, M.D.*, Sangyeoup Lee, M.D., Hong Gi Min, M.D.†, Young Joo Kim, M.D., Sang Han Choi, M.D., Hye Mi Jeong, M.D.** 연구배경: 위식도 역류 질환의 진단에 있어 환자가 호소하는 임상적 증상은 가장 중요한 요소이지만 문화적 차이와 언어적 해석의 차이로 인해 서구의 표준화된 증상을 그대로 사용하기는 어렵다. 이에 저자들은 우리나라 사람에서 위식도 역류 질환 환자가 표현하는 증상을 알아보고 각 증상별로 Rabeprazole 1일 20 mg 단독 치료의 증상 완화 효과를 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 위식도 역류 질환(내시경적 미란성 식도염 316명, 비미란성 역류 질환 37명) 환자 353명을 연구대상자로 하였다. 환자들이 호소하는 증상 표현을 수집하고, 위식도 역류 질환 관련 증상을 8개의 증상 범주로 구분하여 치료 시작 전과 Rabeprazole 치료 4주 및 8주 후의 증상 변화를 조사하였다. 결과: 환자가 표현하는 증상은 역류 증상 범주가 215명(60.9%)으로 가장 많았으며 위식도 역류 질환의 특징적 증상인 가슴 쓰림은 186명(52.7%)이 호소하였다. 다음으로 상복부 통증/속쓰림과 기타 상복부 불편감을 호소하는 경우가 각각 175명(49.6%), 171명(48.4%)으로 높은 빈도를 보였다. 그 외 후두 이물감 116명(32.9%), 만성 기침 98명(27.8%), 비심인성 흉통 97명(27.5%), 애성 72명(20.4%)의 순으로 증상 빈도가 높았다. 증상의 심한 정도는 상복부 통증/속쓰림 범주에서 가장 심하였으며 상복부 기타 불쾌감, 가슴 쓰림 등의 순으로 증상 정도가 심하였다. 가슴 쓰림과 만성 기침을 제외한 다른 증상 범주들은 내시경적 LA 분류의 심한 정도에 따라 그 빈도도 증가하는 상관관계를 보였지만, 모든 증상 범주에서 내시경적 LA 분류에 따른 증상의 심한 정도의 차이는 없었다. 애성, 후두 이물감, 만성 기침을 제외한 다른 증상들의 정도는 치료 전에 비해 Rabeprazole 치료 4주 후 의미 있는 호전을 보였으며 치료 8주 후에는 모든 증상들이 호전되었다. 결론: 한국인에서는 위식도 역류 질환 환자의 증상으로 전형적인 가슴 쓰림보다는 다양한 역류 범주 증상을 호소하는 경우가 더 많았다. 또한 상복부 증상을 호소하는 경우 증상 정도가 가장 심하였다. 8주간의 Rabeprazole 단독 치료는 위식도 역류 질환 환자가 호소하는 모든 증상을 완화시켰다.