糖의 添加에 따른 11α-Hydroxylase의 活性에 關한 考察

金末南 상명대학교 논문집 1985 상명대학교논문집 Vol.15 No.-

The effects of various sugars on the reaction rate of progesterone transformation were investigated using Atpergillus Phoenicia whole cell as enzymes source. The addition of glucose in the reaction medium accelerated considerably the reaction rate, so that the reaction time required for attainment of the limiting value of the 11α-hydroxyprogesterone yield reduced from 40 to 10 hours with increase in glucose concentration, The excess glucose addition, however, did not activate the reaction any more. Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate and pyruvic acid which are intermediate metabolites of glycolysis, and disaccharides such as lactose and maltose also speeded up the reaction rate, but with less effectiveness than glucose. Contrary to expectation, xylose transformed progesterone more rapidly than glucose. However, the former produced larger quantities of dihydroxyprogesterone than the latter.

자동판매기 기호식품에서의 미생물 분포

김말남,허희선,서정희 상명대학교 가정문화연구소 1992 가정문화연구 Vol.9 No.-

1991년 9월부터 11월에 걸쳐 상명여자대학교 서울 캠퍼스의 학생회관 2층, 도서관 2층 및 남관에 설치되어 있는 커피 자동판매기를 대상으로 블랙 커피, 프림 커피, 밀크 커피에서 검출되는 세균의 종류 및 생균수를 조사하였다. 일반 세균으로는 Neisseria lactamica, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Flavimonas oryzihabitans, Lactobacillus sp. 및 Pediococcus sp.가 검출되었으며, 대장균군과 살모넬라균에 속하는 세균은 발견되지 않았다. 일반 세균의 생균수는 블랙 커피에서 7.0×10 exp(5)-6.2×10 exp(6)cells/㎖, 프림 커피에서 8.0×10 exp(5)-6.4×10 exp(6)cells/㎖, 밀크 커피에서 1.1×10 exp(6)-7.0×10 exp(6)cells/㎖ 수준으로 나타났다. 이상에서 교내의 특정공간에 설치되어 있는 커피 자동판매기의 커피 제품에는 상당수에 달하는 여러 종류의 일반 세균이 검출되어 철저한 위생적 관리가 필요하다고 판단된다. Bacteriological infection level was investigated for black coffee, frime coffee and milk coffee for automatic vending machines installed on 2nd floor of the Students' Hall, of the Library and of Namkwan in Seoul campus of Sangmyung Women's University from September till November of 1991. Viable cells such as Neisseria lactamica, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Flavimonas oryzihabitans, Lactobacillus sp. and Pediococcus sp. were detected, while bacteria belonging to Coliform or Salmonella group were not isolated. Number of viable cells counted to be 7.0 × 10 exp(5)-6.2 × l0 exp(6) cells/㎖ in black coffee, 8.0 × 10exp(5)-6.4 × 10 exp(6)cells/㎖ in frime coffee and 1.1 × 10 exp(6)-7.0 × l0 exp(6)cells/㎖ in milk coffee. From these results, it can be concluded that coffee of automatic vending machines is significantly infected by various viable bacteria and that a thorough hygienic control is needed.

활성오니 미생물에 의한 PLLA 와 그 블렌드의 생분해

김말남,김근화 ( Mal Nam Kim,Keun Hwa Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 1997 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Dependence of biodegradability of Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and its blends on molecular weight and compatibility was explored using microorganisms in an activated sludge. The microorganisms metabolited PLLA relatively easily into CO_2 when the molecular weight of PLLA was as low as 6,000g/mol. However the molecular weight effect on the biodegradability leveled off when the molecular weight exceeded 12,000 g/mol. Biodegradability of PLLA blended with poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) which is recalcitrant against biodegradation varied along with the compatibility of the blend. Addition of EVA85 (vinyl acetate content of 85 wt%) into PLLA decreased the biodegradability rapidly while EVA70 (vinyl acetate content of 70 wt%) lowered the biodegradability relatively slowly.

병원성 비브리오속 세균

김말남 상명대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.18 No.-

고속도로 휴게소에서 판매되는 식품의 세균학적 품질

김말남,서정희,이애리 한국식품위생안전성학회 2000 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Bacteriological quality evaluations were carried out for rice rolled in laver(Kimbab), Hamburger, Walnut cake and Chinese noodle (Jajangmyun), which were on sale in April and May 1995, in May and July 1997 and in January 1999, at 20 different resting places on Kyung-Bu, Ho-Nam, Joong-Bu and Young-Dong Highway in Korea. Food poisoning bacteria were not detected. However numerous coliform bacteria were dectected saying that the sanitary condition of foods on sale at resting places of the highways was not hygienic. There exited 8.8 × 10⁴∼6.6 × 10^5 cells/g of coliform bacteria in all the Kimbab sold in 1995. As for Hamburger, 1.8 × 10²∼4.7 × 10⁴ cells/g of coliform bacteria proliferated in all the samples. In 1997, E. coli was found in 16 cases and 21 cases respectively out of 22 Kimbab samples, Hamburger dealing at 7 resting places out of 14 were contaminated with 1.7 × 10²∼1.9 × 10^7 cells/g of coliform bacteria and Hamburgers dealing at 2 resting places were infected by E. coli. In contrast to the Kimbab and Hamburger, all the 6 Walnut cake samples were free from the microbial pollution exhibitory that their hygienic condition was satisfactory. 3 samples out of 6 Jajangmyun were contaminated by 7.1 × 10²∼2.0 × 10³cells/g of coliform bacteria, but E. coli was not detected. Compared Kimbab sold in 1995 and 1997 with 1999, Kimbab sold in it can be said that hygienic control for Kimbab should be performed more strictly during hot season than during cold season. Walnut cake was the safest against microbial contamination, followed by Jajangmyun, Hamburger and Kimbab in decreasing order, indicating that foods with mixed ingredients such as Kimbab and Hamburger were more susceptible to microbial infection, so that a more systematic safety control is needed for such foods during cooking, processing and distribution.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 분해세균의 선택적 분리

김말남 한국환경생물학회 1998 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.16 No.4

탄소원과 에너지원으로 PHB를 이용하는 세균을 난지하수종말처리장의 활성오니로부터 분리하여 Corynebacterium jeikeium A Kej 8로 동정하였다. 27℃, 37℃ 및 60℃에서의 PHB 생분해성을 비교하였을 때 37℃에서 분해가 가장 빠르게 진행되었고, 60℃에서는 분해가 거의 일어나지 않았다. 각 폴리에스테르에 대한 C. jeikeium A KEJ 8의 생분해성을 변형 Sturm test법으로 조사한 결과는 반응 30일째에 PHB는 36.4%, PLA는 21.5%, PHB/HV 5%는 33.7%, PHB/HV 11%는 37.2%의 생분해도를 나타내었다. 생분해 후의 종합체 필름 표면의 형태 변화를 SEM으로 조사하였다. A bacteria capable of degrading and utilizing PHB as sole carbon and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of Nanji sewage water treatment plant. The strain was identified as Corynebacterium jeikeium A KEJ 8. Biodegradability of PHB was measured at 27℃, 37℃ and 60℃ and it degraded faster at 37℃ than at the two other temperatures. Biodegradability of PBH, PLA, PHB/HV 5% and PHB/HV 11% by C. jeikeium A KEJ 8 was investigated using the modified Sturm test. The degradation of PHB, PLA, PHB/HV 5% and PHB/HV 11% for 30 days by the isolated strain showed 36.4%, 21.5%, 33.7% and 37.2% respectively. The morphology of polymer surface film after biodegradation was observed by SEM.

소리내어 생각하기 활동이 유아의 기억에 미치는 영향

김말남 한국아동교육학회 1999 아동교육 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine how young children's memory was affected by the think-aloud activity. The subjects of this study were the first-year 60 children of six years old who attended D elementary school, and the five-year-old 60 children who attended a kindergarten established as an annex to D elementary school, in a small local city. The test instruments for the young children's memory were the verbal memory test and figural memory test. The collected data were handled by spss/pc+, and covariance analysis and t-test were carried out to test the hypotheses. The findings of this study were as below: 1)It's found that the group who was offered an experience of think-aloud test got better score, compared with the group who wasn't. 2)The six-year-old children got an improved grade in memory more than the five-year-old ones did. From these results we found that Think-Aloud activity improved five -year-old, six-year old children's memory.

Pellicularia fillamentosa로부터 Steroid 11$\beta$-hydroxylase의 유도

김말남,김영숙 한국미생물학회 1989 미생물학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Reichstein's substance S의 $11\beta$-hydroxylation 활성이 있는 균주를 선택하고자 21 균주를 실험한 결과 4균주에서 $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 활성이 발견되었으며, 그 중 Pellicularia fillamentosark 가장 높은 효소활성을 보였다. 이 균주의 $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 합성을 강력하게 저해하였다. $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 최적 pH 범위는 2.0-8.0으로 광범위하였다. 성장단계 중 균사체 분지시기와 완전하게 성숙한 균사체 시기에 효소합성의 유도가 가장 활발하였으며, 70시간 배양된 균사체가 가장 좋았다. 반면, 포자에는 기질에 의한 $11\beta$-hydroxylation의 유도현상이 없는 것으로 판정되었다. Twenty-one strains were tested for 11$\beta$-hydroxylation of Reichstein's substance S. Four fungi exhibited ability for the reaction, among which Pellicularia fillamentosa showed the highest activity. The 11$\beta$-hydroxylase of this fungus was proved to be induced by the substrate, cycloheximide reducing significantly the activity of the enzyme. Range of optimum pH for the 11$\beta$-hydroxylation was broad and found to be 2.0-8.0. Test of the enzyme activity at different growing stages, from spore to mycelia, showed that the branching stage of hyphae and the mature mycelial stage were the most effective for the Reichstein's substance S transformation. However, 11$\beta$-hydroxylase in the intact spore was turned out to be uninducible with the substrate.

Aspergillus phoenicis를 이용한 steroid의 변형

김말남,이영종 한국미생물학회 1985 미생물학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The dependence of activities of Aspergillus phoenicis on the culture conditions in the progesterone transformation reaction was investigated. In the beginning of the reaction, $6{\beta},\;11{\alpha}-dihydroxyprogesterone$ was not produced even at high concentration of $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$. However, large amount of the product was obtained after the complete exhaustion of progesterone. When spores of A.phoenicis replaced mycelia as enzyme source, $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ was produced after a considerably long indyction period, and its maximum production rate followed the exponential growth phase. The $6{\beta}-hydroxylation\;of\;11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ continued, even after the stationary growth phase. A. phoenicis showed high enzyme activity for these reactions when the phosphate buffer solutions were used in place of the ordinary culture medium. The buffer solutions of low pH gave more yield of $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ than those of high pH. However, the addition of flucose to the buffer solutions did not activate the transformation reaction. The presence of progesterone seems to be necessary for the induction of enzymes for the $6{\beta}-hydroxylation\;of\;11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone\;since\;6{\beta},\;11{\alpha}-dihydroxyprogesterone$ is not produced in the reaction medium containing only $11{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ as a substrate.

Aspergillus phoenicis Whole Cell 의 β-Galactosidase 활성에 관한 연구

김말남 한국균학회 1983 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.11 No.3

β-Galactosidase activity of Aspergillus phoenicis was studied using ONPG and lactose as substrate. It increased monotonically during the exponential growth phase and dropped rapidly at the beginning of the stationary one. It exhibited high tolerable temperature and acidic optimal pH which provides certain advantages from the industrial view point. Enzyme of β-galactosidase had more subsrate affinity for ONPG than for lactose and its apparent maximum activity was also higher with the former as substrate. Activity of this enzyme depended upon the conditions of immobilization. Optimum crosslinking reaction was occurred at pH 7.2 and 0.35 vol. % of glutaraldehyde concentration.