정기선해운 전망

朴孝源 한국해사문제연구소 1983 (月刊)海洋韓國 Vol.112 No.-

Harvest maturity highly affects fruit quality attributes of ethylene-treated ‘autumn sense’ hardy kiwifruit

박효원,김만조,김철우,한나래,이욱 한국산림과학회 2022 Forest Science And Technology Vol.18 No.1

Optimal harvest date is an important quality parameter for hardy kiwifruit. We, therefore, examined the ideal harvest date to obtain high-quality ripe “Autumn sense” hardy kiwifruit. The fruit was harvested at four different harvest maturity stages [6.2%, 7.1%, 8.1%, and 9.1% average soluble solids content (SSC); H1, H2, H3, and H4, respectively], then treated with exogenous ethylene at ambient temperature, to examine the quality of the ripening fruit. The four harvest maturity stages differed significantly in firmness, SSC, titratable acidity (TA), and SSC/TA ratio, both in freshly harvested and ripe hardy kiwifruit (p < 0.001). Fruit firmness at harvest gradually decreased from 32.1 to 25.1 N, while SSC increased steadily as harvest maturity increased. TA increased steadily from 0.8 in H1 to 1.1% in H3, and was lower in H4. After ethylene treatment, the range of firmness was much lower, at 2.7–3.1 N, while SSC increased significantly from 15.1% in H1 to 16.4% in H4. TA decreased significantly from 1.0% at harvest to 0.7% after ethylene treatment, regardless of harvest maturity stage. For H3 fruit, TA was 56% lower after ethylene treatment than before treatment. After treatment, H3 had the highest SSC/TA (p < 0.001). Consumer preference was higher for H3 and H4 than H1 and H2, and was highly correlated with the SSC/TA ratio at harvest and after ethylene treatment, and with SSC at harvest. These results suggest that TA, SSC, and SSC/TA should be considered for determining the optimal harvest maturity for hardy kiwifruit. This study reveals that the quality of ripened hardy kiwifruit can be maximized by controlling har- vest maturity.

영어의 Be- 수동구문과 Get- 수동구문의 차이점 분석: 경동사를 활용하여

박효원,장경철 현대영미어문학회 2017 현대영미어문학회 춘계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

Exploring digital literacy in the context of remote education for Korean elementary school teachers: Challenges, efforts, and demands

박효원 한국교육개발원 2023 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.20 No.1

This study aims to investigate the challenges, efforts, and demands faced by Korean elementary school teachers responsible for lower-grade students in developing digital literacy skills during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of remote education. It also aims to provide support strategies to enhance teachers’ digital literacy. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study identified five components of teachers’ digital literacy: (a) understanding and utilizing technology tools and digital media; (b) exploring and managing information and data; (c) digital ethics and safety; (d) relationship building; and (e) teaching and evaluation. A semi-structured interview methodology was then employed to uncover the challenges, efforts, and demands experienced by teachers regarding their digital literacy. The study’s findings are categorized based on the components of teachers' digital literacy and lead to four recommendations for enhancing their digital literacy. First, creating a supportive infrastructure and environment that encourages teachers to prioritize their digital literacy improvement is crucial. Second, providing diverse training programs, manuals, and tailored guidelines for each component of digital literacy is essential. Third, fostering collaborative support networks among teachers, both online and offline, to facilitate information and resource sharing is vital. Lastly, considering a long-term perspective, integrating digital literacy-related content into the curriculum for pre-service teacher preparation is recommended.

Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4/Epoxy Composite for High Thermal Conductivity and Interfacial Property

박효원,성동기 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.1

여격구문과 처소구문의 경동사와의 유사성

박효원,구지연,배윤영 새한영어영문학회 2017 새한영어영문학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

거접법을 이용한 호두나무 유경접목

박효원,이욱,오성일,조용성,김철우 한국산림과학회 2020 한국산림과학회지 Vol.109 No.2

This study investigates bench grafting (BG) and field grafting (FG) in walnut by comparing the graft take rate, grade ratio, and simple earning rate using a conventional method. The mean grafting-take rate of the BG was 30.3% while that of FG was 77.1%. The quality of grafted seedlings is classified as good, fair, and poor. The quality grade ratio of FG seedlings is 3:4:3 (good:fair:poor) while the grade ratio of BG seedlings is 2:3:5. Field grafting resulted in 20% more good and fair seedlings than the BG method. As a result of calculating the earning rate with the sales income versus the input cost, FG has 1.5 times higher earning rate than BG. In summary, FG could be an alternative to conventional epicotyl grafting because it produced high-quality seedlings and increased productivity due to its high graft-take rate and earning rate. 본 연구는 기존의 양접법(field grafting) 기반 유경접목법과 개선된 거접법(bench grafting) 기반 유경접목법의묘목 활착률 및 각각 생산된 묘목의 등급(상ㆍ중ㆍ하품) 비율과 묘목 생산 시 단순 수익률을 비교·분석하여 효율적인 접목방법을 제시하기 위해 실시되었다. 2년 간 평균 접목활착률은 각각 기존 유경접목법 30.3%, 개선 유경접목법 77.1% 로 나타나 개선방법의 묘목활착률이 2배 이상 높았다. 생산된 묘목 등급은 기존 유경접목법의 경우, 상ㆍ중ㆍ하품의 비율이 2:3:5, 개선 유경접목법은 3:4:3으로 나타나 개선방법의 ‘상품’ 및 ‘중품’ 묘목 비율이 20% 가량 증가한 것으로 확인되었다. 투입비용 대비 판매수익으로 효율성을 계산한 결과, 기존 유경접목법 1.08, 개선 유경접목법 1.59로 개선방법의수익률이 약 1.5배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 개선된 거접법 기반 유경접목법은 적은 비용으로 고품질의 접목묘 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단됨에 따라 효율적인 묘목생산 및 보급으로 고품질 과실생산을 통한 생산자의 소득향상에 크게 기여될 것으로 사료된다.

Multifunctionalization of Indoles: Synthesis of 3-Iodo-2-sulfonyl Indoles

박효원,배준렬,손수빈,장혜영 대한화학회 2019 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.40 No.11

The selective multifunctionalization of indoles by using thiosulfonates, trimethyl sulfoxonium iodide (Me3SOI), and H2O2 was studied. The reaction of thiosulfonates with Me3SOI and H2O2 produced sulfonyl radicals and an iodination reagent, both of which were incorporated in indoles to form 3-iodo-2-sulfonyl indoles under carefully controlled conditions. The related reaction mechanism and the substrate scope of 3-iodo-2-sulfonyl indoles are presented.

영어의 Be- 수동구문과 Get- 수동구문의 차이점 분석

박효원 한국영미어문학회 2016 한국영미어문학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.3

예천지역 천일건조 곶감의 품종별 품질특성 비교

박효원,오성일,조문경,김철우,이욱 한국산림과학회 2018 한국산림과학회지 Vol.107 No.4

본 연구는 천일건조법으로 제조된 품종별 곶감의 품질특성을 비교·분석하여 품종 간 차이를 확인하고자 실시하였 다. 천일건조한 4품종 곶감(고종시, 고동시, 상주둥시, 갑주백목)의 물리적 특성(수율, 경도, 당도, 수분함량, 수분활성도, 색도)과 관능적 특성(외관, 맛, 식감, 전반적기호도)을 조사한 결과, 수율은 갑주백목이 29.4%로 가장 높았고, 경도는 모든 품종에서 6.11∼9.62 N 범위로 갑주백목(9.62 N)이 가장 높았다. 반면 당도는 고종시(27.3 °Brix)가 가장 높았으며 품종 간 통계적 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 수분활성도는 0.784∼0.819 범위로 나타났으며, 고종시(0.784)가 매우 낮았다. 수분함 량은 갑주백목(37.51%)이 가장 높았으나 상주둥시(35.32%)가 가장 낮았다. 색도(L, a, b)는 상주둥시(34.56, 9.24, 17.07) 가 모든 항목에서 높은 반면, 갑주백목(29.17, 5.68, 13.59)은 낮은 경향을 보였다. 관능평가 결과, 전반적 기호도는 고종 시(5.16), 고동시(5.16)가 가장 높았으며 상주둥시(4.26), 갑주백목(3.95) 순인 것으로 분석되었다. 천일건조한 품종별 곶감 의 물리적 및 관능적 특성은 그 차이가 뚜렷한 것으로 확인되었다. This study was performed to determine quality characteristics of solar-dried persimmon for each cultivar. The physical and sensory characteristics of 4 cultivars of solar-dried persimmons (Gojongsi, Godongsi, Sangjudungsi, Koshuhyakume) were investigated. As a result, yield rate and firmness was highest in Koshuhyakume (29.5%, 9.62 N). Meanwhile, the soluble solid content (SSC) was the highest in Gojongsi (27.3 °Brix) and it has a significant difference between 4 cultivars (p<0.05). The water activity was range from 0.784 to 0.819 and Gojongsi (0.784) was significantly lower than others. The water contents value was the highest in Koshuhyakume (37.51%), while Sangjudungsi (35.32%) was the lowest. In case of Hunter’s value, ‘L’, ‘a’ and ‘b’ were the highest in Sangjudungsi (34.56, 9.24, 17.07), whereas Koshuhyakume (29.17, 5.68, 13.59) has generally low value. In sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was the highest in Gojongsi and Godongsi (5.16), while Koshuhyakume (3.95) was the lowest. The results showed that the quality characteristics of dried persimmon manufactured by solar drying method have distinct difference according to cultivars.