65-nm CMOS 공정을 이용한 MOM 캐패시터 설계 및 분석

박광원,전상근 한국전자파학회 2019 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.30 No.10

Three types of metal–oxide–metal capacitors fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process are compared. The HPP structure utilizing only the vertical electric field exhibits a higher capacitance density of 0.2, 0.64, and 0.76 fF/μm2 as the number of stacked metal layers increase to four, six, and eight, respectively. The VPP structure, which utilizes only the horizontal electric field, exhibits a relatively small capacitance density of 0.27 fF/μm2. In contrast, the PW structure using the vertical and horizontal electric fields exhibits the highest capacitance density of 0.88 fF/μm2. In the given CMOS process, it is observed that the HPP structure with many metal layers and the PW structure are advantageous at millimeter-wave frequencies, offering a suitable replacement for metal–insulator–metal capacitors.

임산부에서 1 분간 무호흡에 동맥혈 가스분압에 미치는 영향

박광원,윤소영,윤덕미,임옥순 대한마취과학회 1981 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.14 No.2

Recent studies(Rorke et al., 1968: Moir 1970; Baraka, 1970; Fox and Houle, 1971) have demonstrated that the maternal arterial oxygen tension during Cesarean section is an important determinant of fetal oxygenation and consequently of the clinical condition of infant at birth for oxygen is transferred by simple diffusion across the placenta to the fetus. Fetal blood oxygen tension is affected by the arterial oxygen tension and concentration of the mother, and also is affected by uterine blood flow(Fox and Houle, 1971). The enlarged uterus pushes the diaphragm upward. This results in a change in position of the heart which is lifted upwards, shifted to the left and anteriorly, and a change in the thoracic cage, and heart rate is increased about 10~12 beats above normal. There is a significant increase in cardiac output which reaches a peak 30~50% above normal until term, and in respiratory rate, so that it follows that oxygen consumption increases but its direct cause is the metabolic need of the uterus, placenta and fetus (Atkinson et al., 1977). As well as increased oxygen consumption in parturients hypoxia may occur in situations of difficult intubation, laryngoscopy for intubation, extubation and during endotracheal suctioning. Because of the markedly decreased oxygen tension, these procedures are more dangerous than for non-parturients. Therefore sufficient oxygenation is recommanded (Archer and Marx, 1974). We selected at random 78 adult female patients who had received Cesarean section and other surgical procedures under general anesthesia with intubation at Severance Hospital from September to November, 1980. They were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was ventilated with 100% oxygen for e minutes. followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 2 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea. Group 3 was ventilated with 50% oxygen for 5 minutes followed by 1 minute of apnea with endotracheal suction. We analysed the decrease in oxygen tension between parturients and nonparturients. The results were as follows: 1) During apnea, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater (p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 100% oxygen group. 2) During apnea, the decreases in arterial blood oxygen tension were significantly greater (p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 50% oxygen group. 3) During apnea, the decreases in oxygen tension were significantly greater (p<0.05) in parturients than in non-parturients in the 50% oxygen and endotracheal suction group. These results indicate the importance of preoxygenation prior to endotracheal intubation and endotracheal suction and also of prompt reoxygenation following endotracheal intubation, extubation and endotracheal suction.

인공기도 관리에 따른 합병증에 대한 연구

박광원,강정완,정경숙,고신옥 대한마취과학회 1991 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.24 No.6

Artificial airways have been widely used to keep patency of airway and apply respiratiory care, however those airways may cause frequent and severe complications. Many etiologic factors have been implicated in the development of these problems with the exact reasons being as yet unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, evolution and long-thrm effects of complications following artificial airways and to evaluate the effect of complications following artificial airways and to evaluate the effect of factors in the genesis of those complications. 332 consecutive patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Shinchon Severance Hospital over a 6-month period from March to August, 1990 were studied who had been intubated or tracheostomied. 1) Complications following artificial airways occurred in 58 patients among 332 patients and the rate of complication was 17.5% and the total number of complication was 63 cases. 2) There was no significant relationship between the rate of complications and patient's demographic factors, such as age and sex. 3) There was statistic significance between the rate of complications and factors such as frequencies of intubation and drugs used for intubation such as sedatives and muscle relaxants. 4) As frequency of intubation increased once, the rate of complication increased about twice. 5) The rate of complications in the patients without sedatives and muscle relaxants at intubation was 2.34 times greater than in those administered either medications.

닫힌 그루브를 갖는 외부가압 공기 패드 베어링의 동특성 해석

박광원,박상신 한국트라이볼로지학회 2017 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.33 No.6

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the dynamic characteristics of externally pressurized air pad bearings with closed loop grooves. These grooves are made on the surface of bearings to reduce the number of supply holes so that manufacturing costs can be reduced. The semi-implicit method is applied to calculate the time varying pressure profile on the air bearing surface owing to the advantages of numerical stability and fast time tracing characteristics. The static pressure of the groove bearings is much higher than that without grooves, so the groove bearings can provide high load carrying capacity. The equation of motion considering vertical motion and tilting motion are also solved using the Runge–Kutta 4th order method. By combining the semiimplicit method and the Runge–Kutta method, fast calculations of the dynamic behavior of the air bearing can be achieved. The variations of bearing reaction force, air film reaction moment, height, and tilting angle are investigated for the step force input, which is 20% higher than the bearing reaction, when the nominal clearance is 6 mm. The effect of the groove width and the groove depth are investigated by calculating the dynamic behavior. The possibility of the air hammering with the depth of the groove is found and discussed.

FSO(Free Space Optics) 연구 동향과 기술 확보의 필요성

박광원,조수형 대한전자공학회 2019 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.6

제왕절개술 마취의 임상적 고찰

박광원,이희전,전용애,정순미 대한마취과학회 1979 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.12 No.1

To provide optimal obstetric anesthetic care, it is essential for the anesthetist to know well the maternal physiological alterations produced by pregnancy, labor and paturition, physiology and pharmacology of the fetal placental complex and how these are altered by analgesics and anesthetics (Bonica, 1972). Recently, the tendency to cesarean section has increased; the cesarean section rate was 8.1. (Lee et al., 1974) and 15% (Dripps et al., 1977). Choice of regional or general anesthesia for cesarean section depends on many factors. As, the paturient is considered to have a full stomach, regional anesthesia is advantageous. However, if the indication is fetal distress or maternal hemorrhage, the necessity for rapid delivery overrides all other considerations. For elective cesarean section the choice of anesthesia largely relates to patients condition and physicans preference, although the somewhat. longer time required for delivery in a repeated cesarean section may indicafes regional rather than general anesthesia (Dripps et al., 1977; James et al., 1977). The problem of anesthetic management of cesarean section was fetal depression due to sedatives, analgesics and anesthetics during delivery. In emergency cesarean section, the major problem in general anesthesia is aspiration of gastric contents and in regional anesthesia it is hypotension. Regarding fetal and neonatal depression associated with anesthesia, the effects of general or regional anesthesia or. the neonatal neurobehavioral status have been reported by many authors (Standley et al., 1974; Tronick et al., 1976; Hollmen et al., 1978). Thus we have made a clinical analysis of anesthesia for 300 cases by random sampling among 1725 cesarean sections. including emergency and elective operations, performed from July 1973 to June 1978 in Severance Hospital at Yonsei University College of Medicine. Clinical analysis was made of frequency of cesarean section, age distribution, parity, indication of cesarean section, physical status (A.S.A. classification), premedication, anesthetic method, relationship between Apgar seore and the type of anesthesia, relationship between induction to delivery time and one minute Apgar score, time to initial blood pressure drop after spinal anesthesia, blood loss, the methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation of the newborn, perinatal mortality and neonatal neurobehavioral states. The result are as follows: 1) The incidence of cesarean aection was 18.4 percent of total deliveries and the tendency is increasing. 2) One minute Apgar score in spinal anesthesia is better than in general anesthesia (0. 01 $lt;p $lt;0 025). 3) Blood loss in spinal anesthesia (566±146ml) is less than in general anesthesia (796 ± 388ml). 4) Blood pressure showed a drop within ten minutes in 83 percent of cases after induction of spinal anesthesia. 5) Perinatal mortality of general anethesia (3. 9%) is more than spinal aneathesia (1.9%) Even tbough clinical results of spinal anesthesia seem to be more favorable than those of general anesthesia, from the above obrvation it may be concluded that choice of anesthesia for cesarean section depends on each maternal condition and only one anestbetic method should not be exclusively used.

대수층 특성화를 위한 관측정 분포 최적화

박광원,최종근 한국자원공학회 2004 한국자원공학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Heterogeneous aquifers can be characterized by various geostatistical methods and inverse modeling methods with limited core and well data. In this paper, simulated annealing method is applied to find the permeability field that satisfies hydraulic head and breakthrough data obtained from the monitoring wells. For an effective forward modeling, flow is simulated by a finite difference method with conjugate gradient solution method, and tracer transport by streamline simulation. In comparison with simple Kriging, this approach gives more reliable permeability distribution and consequently better results on predicting the contaminant transport. Distribution of monitoring wells is one of very important factors for aquifer characterization. For an effective aquifer characterization, monitoring wells should be placed to cover as much as flow area rather than uniform distribution in the system of interest. Multiple wells on the same streamline path would not help for a better aquifer characterization. 불균질한 대수층을 특성화하기 위하여 제한된 시추 코어 자료, 정호 자료들로 지구통계 기법 및 역산 모델링 등의 방법을 적용한다. 본 연구에서는 여러 개의 관측정에서 측정한 수두 자료와 반응성 없는 추적자의 농도 변화를 바탕으로 담금질 모사법을 통해 참조필드의 투수율을 추정하였다. 효과적인 전위 모델링을 위하여 CG(conjugate gradient)법을 이용하여 행렬방정식을 풀어 유동 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 반응성 없는 추적자의 거동 모사를 위해 유선 시뮬레이션 기법을 사용하였다. 크리깅에 의한 결과와 담금질 모사법으로 추정한 결과를 비교하면, 대수층에서의 오염물 거동을 예측하는데 있어서 담금질 모사법이 더 신뢰성 있는 결과를 도출함을 알 수 있었다. 동적 특성을 재현할 수 있는 대수층 특성화를 위해서는 관측정의 분포가 큰 영향을 미친다. 관측정이 공간적으로 균일하게 분포하는 것보다 많은 유량이 관측정을 통과하도록 분포하는 것이 더 중요한 인자이다. 동일 유선 상에 여러 개의 관측정을 분포시키는 것은 역산 결과의 개선에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다.

氣管內揷入麻醉의 臨床經驗

朴光遠,李昉遠 육군의무장교단 1955 육군의무장교단잡지 Vol.2 No.1

일과 대칭되는 일상적 여가 체험에 관한 분석

박광원,박찬민,이철원 여가문화학회 2016 여가학연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 일과 대칭되는 의미를 지닌 일상적 여가 경험의 요인들을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 진지한 여가 경험 단계가 아닌, 일상적 여가 경험을 하고 있는 연구참여자들을 선별하여 이들로부터 그들이 경험하는 여가에 대하여 이야기를 들었다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 세 가지 결론이 도출되었다. 첫째, 일상적 여가참여자들은 일과는 다르게 시간적인 경험을 하고 있었다. 이들은 여가 시간을 부담없는 자유시간과 시간에 대한 기대감을 높게 가지고 있다는 것이 나타났다. 둘째, 일상적 여가 참여자는 일과는 다른 몰입과 재미를 경험하고 있었다. 셋째, 일상적 여가 참여자들은 여가를 통해 타인에 대한 상호 이해와 관계 구축이 가능했다고 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 일과는 다른 일상적 여가를 경험하는 사람들의 여가 경험의 요인을 이해하고, 그 가치를 파악하도록 도움을 준다. 또한 상대적으로 여가학 분야에서 간과되었던 일상적 여가 경험의 중요성을 이해하도록 한다. This study was to explore the lived experiences of casual leisure as reversed meaning of work and studying. For this purpose, the selected participants experiencing in casual leisure were recruited, and in-depth interviews were performed. Three conclusions were suggested. Firstly, casual leisure participants experienced different time from work. Secondly, they experienced different psychological involvement and interest from work. Thirdly, the participants experienced different social relations from work in terms of understanding other leisure participants and social bonding. These results suggest that experiencing casual leisure makes it possible to understand the value of leisure for the people suffered from leisure time constraints. In addition, this leads to new research direction related to the supporting significant casual leisure experience different from work experience.

외래수술환자의 마취

박광원 의학교육출판사 1987 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.8 No.9