한라산 주변에 발생하는 Karman Vortex Street 재현

권지혁(Kwon Ji-hyuk·Lee),이연원(Lee Yeon-won),김영덕(Kim Young-duk),박광열(Park Kwang-yul) 한국풍공학회 2006 한국풍공학회지 Vol.10 No.1

늦가을과 초본 사이 제주도 후면에 Karman vortex street가 발생한다. 이러한 vortex가 발생하기 위해서는 기온 역전층과 5 ~ 13 m/s의 지속적인 바람이 필요하다는 것을 밝히기 위한 많은 연구들이 있었다. 이러한 vortex clouds는 발생 후 주 풍향의 방향을 이동하게 된다. Karman vortex street는 기상학에서 매우 흥미로운 주제이다. 본 연구에서는 LES 난류 모델을 이용하여 Karman vortex street에 관한 해석을 수행하고 수치해석을 통해 얻은 결과와 기상 데이터가 일치함을 보였다. From late autumn to the beginning of the spring, the phenomena of the Karman vortex street have been frequently observed in the wake of Mt. Halla in the Jeju island. Some researches revealed that the necessary conditions for development of these vortex clouds are a strong low-level inversion of temperature and a persistent wind speed of 5 to 13m/s. After the cloud is formed, the vortex clouds are shed from alternating sides of Jeju island and then move downwind with main airflow stream. The Karman vortex street in the wake of the Jeju island was one of the interesting topics in meteorology. In this study, CFD using LES turbulence model was developed to investigate the Karman vortex street and the results of CFD showed a good agreement with weather data.

난소 및 난소 종양 염전의 초음파 소견

오연희,이현경,이원재,이성우,박수성,윤혜원,임문환,심재철,김용탁,김성숙,김정란 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

Acute torsion of the ovary and ovarian mass is a recognized surgical emergency, but rarely has the diagnosis been made preoperatively on the basis of imaging studies. The sonographic findings in 14 cases of surgically proven torsion of the ovary and ovarian mass are described. Mostly cystic ovarian mass, engorged vessel, dilated uterine tube, beak-like echo(torsion site), smooth mass wall thickening an free-fluid collection in cul-de-sac are described. More significant in terms of specificity were the demonstration in 6 cases(42.9%) of the smooth mass wall thickening and in 8 cases(57.1%) of a free fluid in the cul-de-sac. We report the sonographic findings of ovary and ovarian mass torsion that may suggest the preoperative diagnosis of this condition.

Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

8.3% Carbamide Peroxide 함유 펜 형 자가미백제인 BIancTis Forte의 색조개선 및 안전성에 관한 임상연구

이진경,민선홍,홍성태,오소람,정신혜,황영혜,유성엽,배광식,백승호,이우철,손원준,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte(NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks As a control. Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^(*) color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1 Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2 No significant differences were found between the two group (p>0.05) implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2 The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value thus yellow shade than the control(p < 0.05) 3 None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications confirming the safety of both whitening agents 8.3%의 carbamide peroxide를 함유한 펜형 코팅용 미백제인 BlancTis Forte (NIBEC, Seosul & JinCheon)를 실험군으로, 3% hydrogen peroxide를 함유한글 Whitening Effect Pen (LG. Seoul) 제재를 대조군으로 각각 피험자 20명에게 2시간씩 1일 2회 제조사의 지시대로 치아표면에 4주간 적용하도록 지시하고 색조개선 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 미백 전 및 미백 2주, 4주 및 미백 종료 4주 후에 Shadopilot™을 이용하여 색 변화를 측정하였고, 매 내원시기마다 모든 환자는 치수생활력 검사와 치주 및 치태 검사를 통해 부작용 여부 (치아과민증 및 구감 내 연조직의 부작용)를 기록한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.실험군 및 대조군의 색 변화량 (ΔE)은 2이상으로 인지할 수 있는 색 변화를 보였으며, 두 제품 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 (p > 0.05) 유사한 미백효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2,미백효과는 명도의 개선보다는 주로 a. b값의 변화에 의한 것으로 특히 실험군에서 b값의 변화, 즉 황색조의 개선효과가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p <0.05). 3.치아나 치은의 과민증이나 이상증상을 호소하는 피험자는 없어 두 제품 모두 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다.

개량제 종류 및 혼합조건이 탈수특성에 미치는 영향

李元鎬,元聖淵 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1999 産業科學論文集 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구에서는 슬러지의 탈수효율을 증대시키기 위한 슬러지 개량시 물리 ·화학적 인자들의 영향을 검토하였다. CST는 슬러지의 탈수성을 측정하기 위한 유용한 도구로 기존 탈수성 측정 방법인 SRF와 상관성이 높아 간단하며 신속하고 경제적인 측정이 가능하였다. 바닷물로 응집된 슬러지는 pH가 중성으로 조정되는 경우 슬러지 입자가 해체되어 재결합하기 위해 요구되는 화학약품 요구량은 증대되었다. 탈수 공정에서 혼합은 매우 중요하며 혼합에 의해 슬러지 입자의 크기가 증대 되었다. 하지만, 매우 큰 혼합강도 및 시간에서는 응집물이 파괴되었다. 양이온성 개량제의 이용시 최적 혼합조건은 약 20,000(Gtd)이하에서 관찰되었으며, 슬러지의 성상 및 개량제 주입량에 따라 차이를 보이고 있다. 바닷물 응집 슬러지의 최적 혼합조건은 개량제의 충분 조건에서는 20,000-100,000이었다. 이는 개량제의 충분 조건이 충분치 못한 조건에서 보다 전단력이 증가되었음을 의미한다. 또한 미세 입자가 증가된 조건에서는 최적 혼합 조건이 50,000-300,000으로 증가되었다. 따라서 혼합 조건은 슬러지 탈수를 위한 개량시 중요한 인자이며, 슬러지 개량은 최적의 혼합조건에서 운영함이 바람직하다. In this study, the effect of physo-chemical variables on sludge conditioning of waste sludge was determined to enhance dewaterability of sludges. The Capillary Suction Time (CST) apparatus was observed to provide the first simple, rapid, and inexpensive means for measuring the dewaterability potential of wastewater sludge. Good correlation was also observed between CST and the specific resistance to filtration(SRF). The dewaterability of seawater flocculated sludge was deteriorated with pH adjustment to neutral. pH adjustment of seawater flocculated sludge seems to cause disaggregation of sludge particles, which increase demand for chemicals that recoagulate the fractured aggregates. The mixing characteristics of both the condition and dewatering steps seem to be important in the optimization of the sludge dewatering process. Mixing enhanced initially to increase particle size. However, floc particles were breakup with high mixing intensity and mixing duration. Optimum Gtd values for the seawater flocculated sludge was below 20,000 with use of cationic polyeletrolytes. Optimum Gtd values were varied with dosage of sludge conditioner with sufficient dosage of sludge conditioner With sufficient sludge conditioner, Optimum Gtd value for seawater flocculated tannery sludge ranged from 20,000 - 100,000. This indicates that sludge strength with sufficient dosage of sludge conditioner was enough to stand higher shear force than that with insufficient dose. Also, it was found that optimum Gtd values were significantly increased for dewatering deflocculated sludge of fine particles. In this case, optimum Gtd was ranged from 50,000 - 300,000. Since Gtd was important parameter to improve the dewaterability of conditioned sludge, sludge conditioning process should be operated at optimum range of Gtd.

신체활동이 암에 미치는 영향 : 대장암, 유방암, 전립선암에 대한 역학(疫學)연구를 중심으로

이상원,김연수 서울대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2007 스포츠과학리뷰 Vol.1 No.1

Many efforts have been carried out to cure and treat cancer, but there are still a constant increase in death ratio due to cancer. The prevention of cancer is the most important thing because cancer is the fatal disease. There are many ways to prevent cancer, physical activity is one of them. Many studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and cancer. The results of these studies are as follows; there is around 40-50% less chance of getting colon cancer, 30-40% for breast cancer, and 10-30% for prostate cancer. Even with all these studies it was hard to find Korean studies investigated the relationship between physical activity and cancer. The prevalence rates of cancer are hugely variable due to the difference of gender, ethics, diet habit and physical activity. So it is needed that studies should be done for each ethical group. The variation of physical activity is huge and it depends on many various factors: intensity, frequency, duration, and type. For this reason, it is hard to estimate the total physical activity accurately with large population in a long term study. The inconsistent results could be attributed, in part, to methodological issues, including crude assessment of physical activity. Therefore further studies should be performed to develope more precise methods of estimating total physical activity and investigate the relationship between physical activity and cancer for reducing cancer with Koreans.

청신경종의 크기에 따른 어지러움의 양상 및 전정기능 검사의 특징

정원호,홍성화,조양선,김성민,장병찬,최재연,이승진 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.1

축대칭 선회류의 수치해석을 통한 비등방 K-ε모델의 비산형항에 나타나는 C₂계수의 최적화

李蓮源 釜山工業大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

To overcome weak points of the standard k-εturbulence model when applied to complex turbu-lent flows, various modified models were proposed. But their effects are confined to special flow fields. They have still some problems. Recently, an anisotropic k-εturbulence model was also pro-posed to solve the drawback of the standard k-εturbulence model. This study is concentrated on the optimization of the coefficient of C₂appearing in nonlinear terms of an anisotropic k-εturbule-nce model by the analysis of axisymmetric swirling flow.

논에 있어서 포장정보 공간변이의 공간통계학적 해석

이충근,손연규,성제훈,정인규,김상철,박우풍,박원규 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

논에 있어서 정밀농업을 위한 기초자료수집과 분석을 하기 위해서 토양의 특성, 포장면 고저차, 생육상태 그리고 수량에 관한 포장정보를 조사한 결과 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 가. 기본통계값을 살펴보면 유효태 규산의 경우는 한 포장내 14배 이상의 변이차이를 보였으며, 생육정보 중 분얼수는 3배, 수량은 4배 이상의 차이를 보였다. 나. 포장정보의 변이계수를 살펴보면 5.45∼51.3%의 공간변이를 보였다. 토양특성 중에 pH를 제외한 나머지가 10%이상의 공간변이를 보였다. 포장면 고저차는 51.3%, 생육정보는 7.32∼23.2%, 그리고 수량에 있어서도 변이계수가 22.5%를 보였다. 다. 포장정보를 공간통계학을 이용해 해석한 결과, 포장정보의 공간구조 발달여부를 표시하는 Q값이 0.24∼1로서 공간구조가 포장정보에 따라서 발달되어 있었으며, 공간변이의 의존거리를 나타내는 랜지는 8.1∼147.9m를 보였다. 그러나, 실질적인 랜지는 토양특성값이 15∼50m 정도, 생육정보는 15m 전후, 포장면 고저차는 30m 정도, 수량은 8.1m를 보였다. 이것을 기초로 하여 크리깅 방법으로 데이터를 보간하여 지도화 시킨결과, 공간변이를 이해하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있는 포장정보 지도를 얻을 수 있었다. Soil properties, relief of field surface, growth information, grain yield were investigated in a 1ha paddy field in 2001 to obtain basic field information for precision agriculture. The field information were analyzed to examine their within field variability using descriptive statistical method. Semivariograms and Kriged maps of geostatistical analysis were also adopted to examine their within field spatial dependence. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Nutrient distribution difference of available SiO_2 was seemed 14 times overs, 3 times overs at tiller number, 4 times overs at grain yield from within a paddy field. 2) Descriptive statistics of field information showed that the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.45∼51.3%. 3) Field information showed a high spatial dependence within a paddy field. The Q values ranged from 0.24∼1, the ranges of spatial dependence were from 8.1∼50m, respectively. 4) Kriged maps enable the visualization and comparison of the spatial variability of field informaton.