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洪性化 건국대학교 1988 學術誌 Vol.32 No.1
The Anglo-French Continental Shelf Case(1977∼1978) is the only the second cont mental shelf boundary disput to have been settled by judicial means arid the first between parties to the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf. Recognising the decisions of the court of arbitration as an important landmark in the development of continental shelf law. This article presents a detail analysis and assessment of the Court's decision in the light of the earlier judgement of the International court of Justice in the Northsea Continental Shelf Case(1969) and the third Conference of Law of the Sea.
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홍성화 동아시아고대학회 2019 동아시아고대학 Vol.0 No.55
The objective of this article is to study the emergence and the transition of the name ‘Jungwon’. First of all, we could read that ‘Jungwon’ appeared in the later years of King Munmu and period of King Shinmun in the Unified Silla period. Therefore we could analyze that ‘Jungwon-small capital’ was renamed ‘Jungwon-capital’ of ‘History of the Three Kingdoms’ during the reign of King Gyeongdeok. Also we could read that the name ‘Jungwon-Bu’ appeared at the end of the Silla Dynasty and at the early of Goryeo Dynasty and the name ‘Jungwon-Do’ and ‘Jungju’ emerged during the Goryeo Dynasty. And expression of ‘Jungwon’ did not appear as an official name during the Joseon Dynasty. After the establishment of the Republic of Korea government, 12 sections near Chungju were renamed ‘Jungwon-Gun’ in 1956 and the old name Jungwon was restored. However, the name Jungwon is not currently used as the name of the administrative region as ‘Jungwon-Gun’ were merged into ‘Chungju-City’ following the consolidation of the city and gun in 1995. 본고는 ‘中原’이라는 명칭의 등장과 변천에 대해 고찰한 논문이다. 우선 중원이라는 명칭은 통일신라기 문무왕 말엽에서 신문왕대에 걸쳐 5소경 체제가 성립되면서 등장했던 명칭으로 판단된다. 이때에 國原京에서 中原小京으로 개칭되었던 것으로 보이며 『三國史記』 지리지에 보이는 中原京이라는 명칭은 경덕왕 때 중원소경이 중원경으로 개칭되었던 사실을 기록한 것으로 보인다. 이후 중원이라는 표현은 나말여초에 中原府라는 명칭에서 나타나고 고려시대에 中原道와 中州라는 명칭으로 등장하기도 한다. 중원이라는 표현은 성종 때 중원도로 불린 이후 조선시대에도 공식 명칭으로는 나타나지 않는다. 대한민국 정부 수립 이후 지방자치가 실시되면서 1956년 충주읍이 충주시로 승격되었고 이때 12개면이 中原郡으로 개칭되면서 중원이라는 옛 명칭이 부활되었다. 그러다가 1995년 시군 통폐합에 따라 충주시와 중원군이 충주시로 통합되면서 현재 중원이라는 명칭은 사용되지 않고 있다.
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2006년 해사노동협약 국내 수용을 위한 주요 쟁점사항에 관한 연구 -선원 근로조건 관련 규정을 중심으로-
홍성화 한국해양수산개발원 2009 해양정책연구 Vol.24 No.11
Maritime Labour Convention, 2006(MLC, 2006) was expressly designed to be a globally applicable, easily understandable, readily updatable and uniformly enforced legal instrument that, once it enters into force, will be the fourth pillar of the international regulatory regime for quality shipping, complementing the key Convention of the IMO (SOLAS, STCW, MARPOL). Effective national implementation of the MLC, 2006 will necessary contribute to the achievement of decent employment and social conditions for seafarers and will also support the safety, security and environmental protection objectives of these other important international Conventions by improving shipping operations in the industry worldwide and helping to eliminate substandard shipping operations. These ambitious objectives will be archived through the rapid ratification of the Convention by a majority of countries active in the maritime section. Accordingly, this study purposed to examine required conditions of employment provided in Title 2 of the Maritime Labour Convention in 2006 focused on major issues in accepting the convention as a national law, and then to propose improvements.
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청대 강남 농민의 소득 구조 ― 송대와의 비교를 중심으로 ―
홍성화 명청사학회 2020 명청사연구 Vol.0 No.54
No farmers at any time and any region would not want to have more revenue and more stable benefits. To achieve this goal, various conditions such as stable agricultural conditions and the development of rural markets were essential. In the Song Dynasty, intensive agricultural methods have already emerged but the conditions for land have not been met to realize them and the rural markets have not developed either. Therefore, under these conditions, benefits from farming were inevitably high in general. After that time, through the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the rural markets have been developed with the incorporation of the silver economy and the conditions for farming began to be equipped to handle the flood damage as well. This enabled farmers to increase agricultural production in a way of intensifying agricultural work. Farmers not only have been doing diverse works from planting and weeding to harvest according to their agricultural power but also trying to plant various species in a way of distributing family labor forces to equalize the labor demands for farming season evenly and avoid to hire external labor forces. Further to this, members of the small farming were engaged in the cotton textile industry (that is, the Proto industry) using surplus labor during the agricultural off-season. In other words, farmers in the Jiangnan in the Qing Dynasty were to able to overcome the limitation of natural resources, especially limits of the area of land, through technological and institutional efforts to fully make use of the family labor forces and reach the goal of the continuous population growth and a gradual rise of living standards. As such, the continuous improvement of labor intensity has led to a significant increase in the absorbency of labor forces (annual working days per person and working hours per day), and with this regard, the industrial revolution took place in the Jiangnan region in the Qing Dynasty.
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