Piezoelectric Materials: All‐Solution‐Processed Flexible Thin Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (Adv. Mater. 45/2012)

Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45

<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>

치위생과 학생들의 B형 간염 바이러스의 표지자와 인지도에 관한 연구

강은주,신상희,장선희 韓國學校保健學會 2002 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

This study is aimed at offering basic data about prevention of Hepatitis B virus and infection control to dental hygiene students who will work mostly at dental offices which are characteristically exposed to a high risk of HBV infection. For this study, surveyed were 188 sophomores and juniors of the dental hygiene department who volunteered to undergo the tests of HBsAg and HBsAb. The examination of the blood collected from the samples and analysis of their perception about hygiene resulted in following conclusion: Positive HBsAg Four was found in 4 testees(2.1%) while 118(62.8%) revealed positive. HBsAb. Juniors showed higher positive rate in HBsAb whereas sophomores had higher positive rate in HBsAb. But such difference has statistically no significance. Generally, students seemed to pay little attention to HBV, judging from the survey of their perception about the present state of HBsAb and HBsAb(p>0.05), conduct of infection(p<0.05), completion of 3 requested vaccination(p>0.05), and formation of antibody(p>0.05). With regard to the infection routes of HBV, most students(92.4%) replied "through blood", which is statistically insignificant, though. Next ratio goes to the reply "through contaminated injectors". This reply came more from sophomores than from juniors, a difference which is statistically significant(p<0.05). The lowest rate of possible infection(29.2%) was thought to be "through breast-feeding of a positive mother"(p<0.05). In general, it turned out that sophomores had more knowledge about the infection routes of HBV than juniors. In terms of clinical history among family members, 6(3.1%) reported that some of their family members are currently suffering from a liver complaint, 3(1.6%) replied their family members were once afflicted, and 4(2.1%) said their members died of hepatitis. Except 10(4.7%), all the surveyees replied that their states of health are better than normal. Generally, sophomores are healthier than juniors except for very health case, a difference which is statistically of no value.

정하중 조건에서 치과용 세라믹의 균열전파 양상 평가

강동진,박주미,배태성 대한치과기재학회 1999 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Fatigue failure of ceramic material occurs with crack propagation while tensile stresses are applied in aqueous environments. dental ceramic materials : A feldspathic porcelain of VMK68, a castable glass ceramic of IPS-Empress and an alumina-glass composite of In-Ceram. Specimens were prepared as 12×3×1 mm in dimensions, and a Vickers-produced indentation crack was made at the center of the tensile surface with loads of 9.8 N and 49.0 N. Test specimens were stored in distilled water at 37℃, which were broken under a statically loaded state and a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min by 3-point bend test. The radical cracks produced with Vickers indentation and fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Half-penny type crack, bordered by small, radially shaped ridges, was examined at the fracture origin containing the Vickers-produced indentation crack. 2. Fracture surfaces of the VMK68 and IPS-Empress showed the tendency of cleavage hackle and the toughening mechanism of crack bridging by the dispersed leucite crystals. 3. Fracture surface of the In-Ceram indicated the frictional interlocking of jogs having the tendency of toughening by crack deflection, rather than by crack bridging.

진행성 비소세포폐암의 이차항암화학요법으로서 Docetaxel 단독요법의 성적

강현모,이정은,장필순,이연선,권선중,안진영,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암연구소 2006 암연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.-

Background : The survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for second -line chemotherapy, for which Docetaxel (Taxotere^(?)) has proven efficacy in both settings. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods : Thirty one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, who had failed first line platinum-based chemotherapy, between March 1999 and August 2003, were enrolled in this study. Patients received intravenous docetaxel, either 75 mg/㎡ or 100 mg/㎡, with routine premedication every three weeks. Results : Fourteen patients (45.2%) had a partial response. The median survival and progression- free survival times were 12.5 months (95% CI 7.3-17.6) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.6-4.5), respectively. This study showed 2 factors gave different survival benefits; the age (< 60 years: 20.1 months vs. > 60 years: 6.6 months, p=0.0105) and the histological type (adenocarcinoma: 25.6 months vs. others: 7.9 months, p=0.0055). The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred as WHO grade 3 or 4 in 38.7 % of patients. One treatment related death was also reported. Non-hematological toxicity was minor and easily controlled. There were no significant statistical differences in the survival benefit and toxicity between the two doses. Conclusion : Docetaxel, as second-line monotherapy, was well tolerated and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed first line platinum -based chemotherapy. (Tuberc Respir DiS 2005: 58: 465-472)

알코올리즘 환자에서 뇌교외수초용해증과 연관된 주기교대눈떨림과 주기교대주시편위

강성원,이명제,정주리,김영진,양현덕 원광대학교 의과학연구소 2009 圓光醫科學 Vol.24 No.1

주기교대눈떨림와 주기교대주시편위는 이상안구 운동에서도 흔히 관찰되지 않는다. 이런 안구운동은 뇌교와 소뇌에 병변이 있을 때 나타난다고 보고되고 있다. 50세 남자 환자가 과음을 하고 난 이후 심하게 구토를 하여 입원하였다. 다음날 아침에 의식이 없었으며 주기교대눈떨림과 주기교대주시편위가 관찰되었다. 뇌자기공명영상에서는 뇌교나 소뇌에 병변없는 교뇌외수초용해증에 합당한 소견을 보였다. 저자는 아마도 교뇌외수초용해증이 소뇌와 전정신경핵의 경로중에 GABA 시스템에 이상이 발생하여 주기교대눈떨림과 주기교대 주시편위가 나타났을 것으로 추정한다. Background; Periodic alternating gaze deviation(PAGD) and periodic alternating nystagmus(PAN) are rare forms of abnormal eye movement. Multiple lesions in the cerebellum and brainstem have been reported with PAN and PAGD. Case Report; A 50-year-old man presented with severe vomiting after binge drinking. The next morning he. became vegetative state and showed PAGD and PAN. Brain MRI showed findings compatible with extrapontine myelinolysis(EPM) without any brainstem or cerebellar lesions. Conclusions; We postulate that the disturbed GABAnernic system in the pathway from the cerebellum to vestibular nuclei caused probably by EPM developed PAGD and PAN.

양식장 배출물 발효물의 어류 사료 첨가에 따른 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 혈액학적 변동에 미치는 영향

강주찬,지정훈,송승엽,문상욱,강지웅,이영돈,김세재 한국어병학회 2004 한국어병학회지 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 양식어류인 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus를 대상으로 육상수조식양식장 배출물 발효물의 어류 사료 첨가에 따른 혈액학적 변동에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 젖산균 및 효모를 사용하여 발효한 양식장 배출물의 이화학적 분석을 실시하였고, 발효물을 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 및 5.0% 농도로 8주간 투여하였다. 투여 4주째 및 8주째에 각 투여 구간별로 혈액학적 항목을 중심으로 그 차이를 확인하였다. 배출물 발효농도별 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았지만, 분석시기에 따른 적혈구수, 혈색소 농도 및 혈색소 지수가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 주요 혈청 무기 및 유기성분은 배출 발효물 농도별로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 혈청 효소학적 조사에서는 조사시기별로 변동은 나타났지만, 동일 조시시기에서 각 구간별 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 이러한 육상 약식장 유래의 배출물 발효산물에 대한 다양한 방면의 연구가 진행되어야겠다. Effects of oral administration with fermented product from sewage in land-based seawater fish farm on haematological disturbance in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus was investigated. After 4 weeks of conditioning with a basal diet, fish were divided into 4 groups and provided experimental diet (0.1,0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) supplement of fermented sewage for 80 days. Proximal analysis was performed for the product of sewage which was fermented by lactic acid and yeast. RBC count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were increased according to the treated periods, however, no statistical difference was observed between control and treatment groups. There were no significant difference in serum organic, inorganic compounds and enzyme activities between control and treatment groups. This study hypothesized that the supplement of fermented product from sewage in land-based seawater fish farm might be an additive sup plement for source of fish diet in view of haematological examination. Recycling of the sewage may be an economic artificial sources of diet for fish aquaculture practices.

광범위 베타 락탐계 항생제 분해 효소를 생성하는 폐렴간균에 의한 균혈증이 발생한 환자에서 감영의 위험 인자 및 치료 결과

강철인,김성한,방지환,김홍빈,박상원,최영주,오명돈,김의종,최강원 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.2

목적 : 본 연구는 ESBL을 생성하는 K. pneumoniae에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 감염의 위험 인자 및 치료 결과를 알아보고자 시행하였다. 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 2002년 4월까지 혈액 배양 검사에서 동정된 K. pneumoniae를 대상으로 NCCLS guidelines과 이중 디스크 확산법(double-disk diffusion test)을 이용하여 ESBL 생성 여부를 확인하였다. ESBL 생성 균주에 의한 균혈증 환자 60명(환자군)에 대해 ESBL을 생성하지 않는 균주에 의한 균혈증 환자들(대조군)을 연령, 성별, 균혈증 발생 시점을 고려하여 1:2 또는 1:3으로 배정하였다. 총 159명의 대조군을 선정하였고 후향적인 환자-대조군 연구를 시행하였다. 결과 : 환자군과 대조군 사이에 연령, 성별, APACHE Ⅱ score, 주된 감염 부위의 유의한 차이는 없었다. ESBL을 생성하는 K. pneumoniae에 의한 균혈증이 발생할 독립적인 위험 인자에는 요관 삽입, 균혈증 발생 이전 72시간 동안 침습적인 시술을 받은 경우, 균혈증 발생 이전 30일 동안 투여받은 항생제 개수가 있었다. 초기 항생제 치료 72시간 후의 반응을 평가하였을 때, 완전 반응(complete response)은 대조군에서 더 많았고(13.3% vs. 40.3%, P<0.001), 치료 실패(treatment failure)는 환자군에서 더 많았다(33.3% vs. 11.9%, P<0.001). 7일 사망률은 환자군에서 20% (12/60), 대조군에서 15.6% (25/159)이었고(P=0.451), 30일 사망률은 환자군에서 30% (18/60), 대조군에서 24.5% (39/159)이었다(P=0.410). ESBL 생성 균주에 의한 균혈증이 있는 환자들에서 최종 항생제 치료가 부적절했던 환자들을 제외하고 30일 사망률을 분석하였을 때 효과적인 항생제 치료의 지연은 사망률을 높이지 않았다(11.1% vs. 9.1%, P=1.000). 결론 : ESBL을 생성하는 K. pneumoniae에 의한 균혈증이 있는 환자에서 초기 항균제 치료 72시간 후의 치료 반응률은 낮지만 사망률은 유의하게 증가하지 않았다. 원인균이 동정된 후 최종 치료 항생제의 선정이 적절하다면 초기에 효과적인 항생제 투여의 지연은 사망률을 유의하게 증가시키지는 않았다. Background : This study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for infection and treatment outcome of bloodstream infection due to extended spectrum β-lactamases(ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae. Methods: ESBL production was evaluated by NCCLS guidelines and/or double-disk synergy test in K. pneumoniae blood isolates stored from January, 1998 to April, 2002. Sixty patients with bloodstream infection due to ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (case patients) were compared with 159 matched control patients with bloodstream infection of non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Retrospective case-control study was performed. Results : There were no significant differences in age, sex, APACHE Ⅱ score, and the primary site of infection between the case and control groups. In multivariate analysis, significant independent risk factors associated with bloodstream infection due to ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were urinary catheterization, invasive procedure within previous 72 hours, and the number of antibiotics administered within previous 30 days. In clinical response at 72 hours after initial antibiotic treatment, complete response rate was higher in the controls (13.3% vs. 40.3%, respectively, P<0.001), however, treatment failure rate was higher in the cases (33.3% vs. 11.9%, respectively, P<0.001). Overall 7-day mortality rates in the cases and the controls were was 20% (12/60) and 15.7% (25/159) (P=0.451), respectively, and overall 30-day mortality rates were 30% (18/60) and 24.5% (39/159), respectively (P=0.410). When the patients with bloodstream infection of ESBL-producing organism were evaluated and the patients who received inadequate definitive antibiotic treatment were excluded, delayed effective antibiotic treatment was found to be not associated with higher mortality. Conclusion : In patients infected with ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae bacteremia, clinical response rate at 72 hours after antimicrobial therapy was lower, but the increase of mortality rate was not significant. Delayed effective antibiotic treatment was not associated with higher mortality, when definitive appropriate antibiotic treatment was prescribed.

측두엽 간질 환자에서 언어 우성 반구의

이주헌,강중구,이상암 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

공기 싸이클론 분리 장치의 분체 분리 효율

姜錫浩,朴永孝,金珠浩,朱星浩 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1985 연구보고 Vol.13 No.1

The collection efficiency of the Lapple's standard-type cyclone separator was determined in order to investigate the effects of the particle size of the dust samples, the dust loading, and the air inlet velocity to the cyclone under the ambient conditions. The experimental conditions are in the following ranges; the air inlet velocity; 5 to 14.7 m/s, the particle sizes of the mono-dispersed system; 14 to 280 ㎛, the dust loading; 17.8 to 58.6 g/㎥, respectively. The collection efficiencies determined were compared with those predicted by the semi-empirical equations proposed earlier by Strauss (³) and by Licht et al, (⁴) and those are shown to be increased, as the particle size of the sample dusts and the air inlet velocity increase, respectively. However, the effect of the dust loading in the air could not be recognized, but slightly increased. For the poly-dispersed particulate samples, having a wide particle size distribution, the grade or separation efficiency curve was experimentally determined to specify more exactly the cyclone separation performance, and the result was discussed with the statistical analysis previously worked by Herrmann.(??)

사범대학 영어 강의에 대한 학생들의 인식 및 만족도 조사

강순희,서혁,신상근,이종원,이현주,최진영 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2007 교과교육학연구 Vol.11 No.2

이 연구는 교사교육의 국제화를 지향하는 사범대학 특성화 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 조사 차원에서 2007학년도 1학기에 146명의 사범대학 학생들을 대상으로 전공 영어 강의에 대한 인식과 만족도 등에 대해 설문조사의 방법으로 이루어졌다. 학생들의 영어 능력에 대한 자기 평가 결과, 대부분의 학생들이 자신의 영어 능력이 영어 강의 수강에 부족하고, 영어 강의에 대한 심리적 부담이 크다는 반응을 나타냈다. 또 영어 강의가 한국어 강의에 비해 전공 지식을 쌓는 데 도움이 되었다는 반응은 이공계를 중심으로 한 기존의 연구 결과보다 상대적으로 낮게 나타나는데, 이는 사범대학 영어 강의의 운영과 관련하여 좀 더 다양하고도 효과적인 방안이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. 영어 강의 수강 시 어려움을 묻는 질문에서 과제 발표하기, 질문하기, 보고서 작성하기의 순으로 어려움을 호소하고 있는데, 이 역시 영어 강의를 위해서는 전반적인 영어 표현 및 이해 능력 향상 이 전제되어야 하며 무엇보다도 말하기, 듣기의 구어 능력 신장이 우선되어야 함을 재확인해 준다. 영어 강의 개선안에 대한 의견으로는 평가 방법의 다양성 및 융통성 확대, 영어 강의 수강을 돕는 전공 교재의 개발, 영어 강의 내에서의 교수-학생 상호 작용 증대, 국제교류의 기회 확대 등의 순으로 높은 반응을 보였다. 이는 향후 사범대학 영어 강의와 관련한 프로그램 개발에 시사하는 바가 크다. 즉, 영어 강의 평가를 결과 중심의 평가뿐만 아니라 과정평가와 수행평가에 초점을 두고, 영어 표현이 어려운 복잡한 사고 과정이 요구되는 경우 제한적으로 국문 반응을 허용하는 방안도 고려할 만하다. 또한 학습자들에게 좀 더 상세화된 강의 교재를 제공하고, 온·오프라인을 모두 활용하여 교수와 학생의 상호작용을 활성화할 수 있는 방안을 적극적으로 탐색할 필요가 있다. 아울러 학생들이 실질적인 국제교류가 가능하도록 다양한 교류 방안 함께 구체적인 강좌 개설도 요구된다.