무선 온라인 게임을 위한 부하 분산 도구 설계 및 구현

( Son-nyung ),엄남경 ( Nam-kyoung Um ),문형진 ( Hyung-jin Mun ),이상호 ( Sang-ho Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2006 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

네트워크상에서 모바일 게임에 접속하는 사용자들은 서버상에 발생하는 부하없이 끊임없는 실시간 게임을 하기를 원한다. 그러나 기존의 서버부하분산 방식은 게임 사용자의 특성을 고려하지 않아 효율적인 부하 분배 처리가 용이하지 않다. 따라서 본 논문은 해당 접속 요청을 부하분산 알고리즘에 의해 적절한 게임 서버에 배분하도록 하는 무선 온라인 게임서버의 부하 분산을 위한 QoS 기반의 부하 분산기를 설계하고 개발한다. 이를 통해 일정 기간의 부하 관련 정보를 관리자에게 제공하여 능동적인 게임 서버의 증설 등에 대응할 수 있다.

동해 심해 생태계의 수심별 종조성 및 계절변동

손명호 ( Myung Hoo Son ),홍병규 ( Nyung Gyu Hong ),전영열 ( Young Yull Chun ),이해원 ( Hae Won Lee ) 한국어업기술학회 2010 수산해양기술연구 Vol.46 No.4

LS-OPT를 이용한 조수석 안전벨트 최적설계 연구

오은경(Eun-kyung Oh),한재녕(Jae-nyung Han),손창규(Chang-kyu Son),채수원(Soo-won Chae) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.5

According to the recent study, smaller passenger such as women could be damaged from safety belt than male because of differences in physical. So safety belt research focused on female passenger has been conducted. Actual test is both costly and time consuming. Crash simulation using LS-DYNA which was developed in previous study was used to replace actual test. However, generally a large number of the design parameter’s levels cause many numerical cost for direct optimization same as actual test. In this research, in order to avoid those numerical costs, metamodel of LS-DYNA crash simulation was derived using LS-OPT. Furthermore, optimal combination of safety belt’s design parameter was obtained. To derive the metamodel, response surface method was used and the simulation sampling was conducted by central composite.

수술 전 뇌 병변의 201Tl 뇌 SPECT : 양성과 악성 병변을 감별하는데 유용한가? Is It Useful to Differentiate Benign and Malignant Lesions?

김성훈,이연수,손형선,김의녕,정용안,정수교,홍용길 대한핵의학회 2000 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: Thallim-201 (201Tl) brain SPECT, which can represent cellular activity of brain lesions, may provide more useful information in differentiating between benign and malignant brain lesions more so than CT or MRI, that merely represents anatomic changes or breakdown of blood brain barrier. We used 201Tl brain SPECT prospectively to evaluate the utility of 201Tl-indices as an indicator of benign or malignant lesions. Materials and Methods: We studied 28 patients. There were 13 cases of benign lesions (3: nonspecific benign lesion, 3: meningioma, 2: low grade glioma, 1: tuberculoma, central neurocytoma, hemangioblastoma, radiation necrosis, and choroid plexus papilloma) and 15 cases of malignant lesions (6: glioblastoma multiforme, 5: anaplastic glioma, 2: medulloblastoma, 1: metastasis and lymphoma). In all patients, CT and/or MRI were obtained and then 201Tl brain SPECT was obtained with measuring mean 201Tl index and peak 201Tl index. An unpaired t-test was performed to compare the 201Tl-indices and pathologic diagnoses to evaluate the utility of 201Tl-indices as an indicator of benign or malignant lesions. Results: There were no statistically significant difference in 201Tl-indices between benign and malignant brain lesions (P>0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that we could not use 201Tl indices on brain SPECT alone as an indicator of benign or malignant brain lesions.

Mature Cystic Teratoma in Broad Ligament in a Healthy Pregnancy: A Brief Case Report

( In Kyung Oh ),( Han Sung Kwon ),( In Sook Son ),( So Dug Lim ),( Soo Nyung Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-

We report a rare case of mature cystic teratoma of the broad ligament in a healthy pregnancy. Two mature cystic teratomas were encountered during cesarean section, one in the right ovary and the other in the right broad ligament. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of mature cystic teratoma of the broad ligament. Kevwords: Mature cystic teratoma: Broad ligament.

201Tl 뇌 SPECT을 이용한 신경교종의 평가

이연수,김성훈,정용안,최보영,손형선,김의녕,홍용길,유이령,정수교 대한핵의학회 2000 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.34 No.6

Purpose: Thallim-201 (201Tl) brain SPECT and proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been used to evaluate tumor grade and viability of glioma. We assessed the correlations between 201Tl brain index or spectrum of metabolites of 1H MRS and grade of glioma or histopathologic findings. Materials and Methods: We studied 17 patients (4 astrocytoma, 7 anaplastic astrocytoma and 6 glioblastoma). On 201Tl Brain SPECT, 201Tl index was measured as the ratio of average counts for region of interest to those for the contralateral normal brain. On 1H MRS, we calculated choline (Cho) /creatine (Cr) ratio and N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr ratio in ROI defined as tumor center. Histopathologic findings were graded by Ki-67 index, cellularity, mitosis, pleomorphism, necrosis and endothelial proliferation. An unpaired t test and statistical correlations were performed to evaluate these data. Results: Tl-index showed the best correlation with Ki-67 index (p<0.01), less correlations with cellularity, mitosis, and endothelial proliferation, but no correlation with results of MRS, pleomorphism, or necrosis. The findings of MRS did not correlate with all of the above. The cases of glioblastoma demonstrated a higher Tl-index, Cho/Cr ratio, Ki-67 index and lower NAA/Cr ratio, albeit without statistical significance. Conclusion: Even though 201Tl brain SPECT did not correlate directly with grade of malignancy, it may still be useful in determining biological aggressiveness of tumor and prognosis of patients because it correlated well with Ki-67 index, a growth fraction of glioma, cellularity, mitosis and endothelial proliferation.

Optimal Localization through DSA Distortion Correction for SRS

Shin, Dong-Hoon,Suh, Tae-Suk,Huh, Soon-Nyung,Son, Byung-Chul,Lee, Hyung-Koo,Choe, Bo-Young,Shinn, Kyung-Sub 한국의학물리학회 2000 의학물리 Vol.11 No.1

신경 외과적 수술의 한분야인 정위적 방사선 수술은 두 개강 내의 병변의 위치 계산 후, 고선량의 방사선을 조사하여 병변을 치료하는 방법이기 때문에, 효과적인 수술을 위해서는 병변의 정확한 위치 정보가 무엇보다도 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 DSA(Digital Subtraction Angiography) 영상이 내재적으로 이미지 왜곡이라는 문제점을 가지고 있기 때문에, 이것의 보정을 통하여 더욱 정확한 target 위치를 계산하였다 이미지 왜곡을 보정하기 위하여 grid 팬텀을 제작하였고, localization 알고리즘의 정확도를 평가하기 위하여, target 팬텀을 제작하였다. Image Intensifier의 앞쪽에 grid 팬텀을 부착하고, target 팬텀을 Leksell Frame에 고정시킨 후, DSA 영상을 얻었다. 본 실험을 위하여 개발된 프로그램을 이용하여, Anterior and Posterior, Left and Right 영상에서 bilinear transform을 적용하여 왜곡을 보정한 후, target 위치를 계산하였다. 그리고, 이와 같은 방법을 통하여 계산된 target 위치 좌표와 target 팬텀의 절대 좌표의 비교를 통하여 localization 오차가 계산되었다. 이번 실험의 결과는 왜곡을 보정하지 않은 경우, localization 오차는 $\pm$0.41mm, 왜곡 보정을 한 경우는 $\pm$0.34mm이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 알고리즘 정밀도가 인정되며, 환자의 치료에 적합한 것으로 사료된다. In Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), there are three imaging methods of target localization, such as digital subtraction Angiography (DSA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Especially, DSA and MR images have a distortion effect generated by each modality. In this research, image properties of DSA were studied. A first essential condition in SRS is an accurate information of target locations, since high dose used to treat a patient may give a complication on critical organ and normal tissue. Hut previous localization program did not consider distortion effect which was caused by image intensifier (II) of DSA. A neurosurgeon could not have an accurate information of target locations to operate a patient. In this research, through distortion correction, we tried to calculate accurate target locations. We made a grid phantom to correct distortion, and a target phantom to evaluate localization algorithm. The grid phantom was set on the front of II, and DSA images were obtained. Distortion correction methods consist of two parts: 1. Bilinear transform for geometrical correction and bilinear interpolation for gray level correction. 2. Automatic detection method for calculating locations of grid crosses, fiducial markers, and target balls. Distortion was corrected by applying bilinear transform and bilinear interpolation to anterior-posterior and left-right image, and locations of target and fiducial markers were calculated by the program developed in this study. Localization errors were estimated by comparing target locations calculated in DSA images with absolute locations of target phantom. In the result, the error in average with and without distortion correction is $\pm$0.34 mm and $\pm$0.41 mm respectively. In conclusion, it could be verified that our localization algorithm has an improved accuracy and acceptability to patient treatment.

누비공신티그라피를 이용한 기능적 누도폐쇄의 진단

김성훈,정용안,임현욱,손형선,김의녕,정수교 대한핵의학회 2000 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.34 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the value of dacryoscintigraphy in the assessment of patients with a clinical diagnosis of functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Materials and Methods: Dacryoscintigraphy was performed in symptomatic 35 lacrimal drainage systems in 18 patients (age range: 37∼76, 8 males, 10 females) that were patent on syringing. Results: Abnormalities were detected with dacryoscintigraphy in 75.8% of systems. The positive scintigrams were subdivided into those demonstrating prelacrimal sac delay (31.8%), delay at the lacrimal sac/junction (40.9%), or delay within the duct (27%). Conclusion: Dacryoscintigraphy is noninvasive useful technique in the assessment of the functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction and very sensitive at detecting abnormalities in patients with lid laxity caused by senile change and facial nerve palsy.

Interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in children with febrile seizures

Ha, Jongseok,Choi, Jieun,Kwon, Aram,Kim, Kyungmin,Kim, Soo-Jin,Bae, Sun Hwan,Son, Jae Sung,Kim, Soo-Nyung,Kwak, Byung Ok,Lee, Ran Elsevier 2018 SEIZURE Vol.58 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>The pathophysiology of febrile seizures remains unclear. Cytokines have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. We compared TNF-α and IL-4 levels in patients with febrile seizure (FS) with those in controls and identified the relationship between cytokines and various other factors.</P> <P><B>Method</B></P> <P>Fifty FS patients who visited Konkuk University Hospital from December 2015 to December 2016 were included. Thirty-nine patients who had fever without seizures were enrolled as the control group. Serum samples from febrile patients with a history of febrile seizures without present seizures (FPH) (N = 12) and from the afebrile seizure (AF) group (N = 13) were also analyzed. In the FS group, we compared cytokine levels among patients stratified by sex, family history, seizure recurrence, duration of seizure and serum lactate levels.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The median serum TNF-α level in the FS group (19.54 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in the control group (15.86 pg/mL). Higher median serum IL-4 levels were detected in the FS group (3.38 pg/mL) than in the control group (3.30 pg/mL). In the FS group, the serum IL-4 and TNF-α levels correlated with seizure recurrence and serum lactate levels, but they did not correlate with family history, duration of seizures or sex.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Our study supports the hypothesis that TNF-α production is involved in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. IL-4 is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. The number of seizures and lactate levels were correlated with IL-4 and TNF-α levels.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The pathophysiology of febrile seizure (FS) is not yet defined. </LI> <LI> Cytokines have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of FS. </LI> <LI> TNF-α and IL-4 levels were associated with the pathogenesis of FS in the present study. </LI> </UL> </P>

Height-Based Formula Predicting Renal Length in Korean Children derived from Technesium-99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scan

Cho, Myung Hyun,Yoo, Ha Yeong,Kwak, Byung Ok,Park, Hye Won,Chung, Sochung,Kim, Soo Nyung,Son, Jae Sung,Kim, Kyo sun Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology 2015 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish a simple formula to predict renal length in children using a Technesium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan data, and to compare it with the formula derived from ultrasonography, which is widely accepted. Methods: Children who underwent a DMSA scan and ultrasonography were reviewed retrospectively, and those who had anatomical urinary tract abnormalities or urinary tract infections were excluded. Results: A total of 230 children (84 males and 146 females; age, 1 month to 16 years; mean age, $16.8{\pm}27.4$ months). Mean renal length measured by DMSA scan was longer than that by ultrasonography ($6.38{\pm}1.16$ vs. $6.02{\pm}1.14cm$; P < 0.001). Renal length was correlated with age, weight, height, and body surface area on the DMSA scan and ultrasonography, and showed the strongest positive correlation with height. The following formulae were established to predict renal length: mean renal length (cm) = 5.433 ${\times}$ height (m) + 2.330 (R2, 0.833) using the DMSA scan data, and mean renal length (cm) = 5.367 ${\times}$ height (m) + 2.027 (R2, 0.853) using ultrasonography data. Conclusion: We propose a simple height-based formula to predict renal length in children using a DMSA scan data, and validate it by comparing with ultrasonography formula.