위암 환자에서 절제된 림프절 수의 차이와 관련이 있는 인자

정귀애,박정희,변익건,김경종,장정환,김권천,민영돈 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: By the definition of UICC TNM classification (fifth edition), the nodal stage of gastric cancer is based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes, which is influenced by the number of resected lymph nodes. And individual differences in the number of resected lymph nodes had been observed in patients with gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to verify the factors which are associated with the difference in the number of resected lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We reviewed 613 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative resection and D2 lymph node dissection with 15 or more resected lymph nodes. The number of resected lymph nodes was analyzed according to the characteristics of patients, the types of operation and prognostic factors of gastric cancer. Results: The mean number of resected lymph nodes per patient was 33.0 (median: 31.0, range: 15-88). The number of resected lymph nodes was significantly associated with the types of operation, the location and size of tumor, macroscopic types, depth of tumor invasion and the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Patient's age, gender and the histopathological finding's had no relationship with the number of resected lymph nodes. Conclusions: The number of resected lymph nodes from gastric cancer was different in each patient despite of same D2 lymph node dissection and it was associated with several prognostic factors of gastric cancer.

鈴木 治의 作品에 관한 硏究

원경환,조수정 홍익대학교 산업디자인 연구소 2002 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.7

치료 저항성 환청을 나타내는 만성 정신분열병 환자에서 측두두정부 반복 경두개자기자극의 효과

정경희,최충식,박진수,이규항,함웅,이승환,채정호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : It has been reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which stimulate the focal region of brain may relieve auditory hallucination in patient with schizophrenia. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of rTMS on left and right temporopahetal cortex in schizophrenic patients with treatment-resistant auditory hallucination. Methods : Twenty-six patients with chronic schizophrenia with treatment -resistant auditory hallucination were randomly a1-located to rTMS group on left and right temporoparietal head regions. The rTMS was applied to TP3/4 region by EEG 10-20 international system at 1 Hz for 20 minutes per day for 101reatment days. A Figure of eight TMS coil with a solid core was used for rTMS at 100% of individual motor threshold. Efficacy was evaluated with Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (HRS), Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale on 5 and 10 days of treatment. Results : Ten days administration of l-Hz rTMS to temporopahetal cortex significant improved frequency (p<0.001) and attentional salience (p=0.038) of auditory hallucination, Positive (p<0.001) and negative symptom (p=0.02), and CGI-impro-vement (p<0.001). There were no significant differences between right and left side stimulations. Conclusion : These results suggest that the low frequency rTMS on temporopahetal cortex may be useful in treating Schizo-phrenic patients with treatment-resistant auditory hallucination and it could be a useful novel treatment option.

흰쥐 침샘의 Nitric Oxide Synthase에 관한 면역전자현미경적 연구

이영환,고정식,박대균,박경호 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

산화질소는 생물체내에서 생리적이나 병리학적으로 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있으며, 특히 침샘조직에서 침분비작용과 샘혈류 조절에 중요한 인자의 하나로 관여함이 알려져 있다. 산화질소합성효소 (nitric oxide synthase, NOS)는 동위효소로서 내피산화질소합성효소 (endothelial NOS, eNOS), 신경산화질소합성 효소 (neuronal NOS, nNOS)와 유도산화질소합성효소 (inducible NOS, iNOS)가 있으며, 세포내에서 내인성산화질소를 합성한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 산화질소합성효소의 세포내 분포에 관한 전자현미경적 연구는 매우 드물며, 흰쥐 침샘에서의 산화질소생산효소(NOS)에 대한 전자현미경적 연구는 없었다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 NOS의 세포내 분포를 규명하기 위하여 면역전자현미경방법을 이용한 금입자표지법을 시행하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. eNOS에 양성 면역반응을 보이는 구조는 침샘의 분비세포 중장액세포에 있는 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립이었으며, 점액분비세포의 점액분비과립에서는 비교적 약한 면역반응성이 관찰되었다. 즉 턱밑샘과 혀밑샘을 구성하고 있는 두 종류의 분비세포 중장액세포의 분비과립에 금입자가 비교적 많이 표지되었으며, 점액세포의 분비과립에서는 적은 수의 금입자가 관찰되었고, 침샘의 소엽속관(intralobular duct)의 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립에서도 금입자가 표지된 것이 관찰되었다. 귀밑샘에서도 장액세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 금입자가 표지되었다. nNOS의 양성 면역반응은 턱밑샘에서 점액세포의 분비과립에서만 약간의 금입자가 관찰되었으며, 턱밑샘, 혀밑샘 및 귀밑샘의 분비세포와 분비관세포에서는 iNOS에 대한 양성 면역반응이 관찰되지 않았다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 산화질소합성효소 중 eNOS는 침샘분비세포의 분비과립에 존재하며, 특히 전자밀도가 높은 장액성분비과립에 주로 분포하고 있으며, 분비관 중에서 소엽속관에도 분포하고 있는 것이 관찰되었으나, 다른 동위효소인 nNOS와 iNOS는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 산화질소합성효소가 흰쥐 침샘분비세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 분포하고 있는 것으로 보아 침샘에서 산화질소가 침의 생산과 분비에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 생각된다. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been known to regulate many physiological and pathological processes, especially the glandular secretion and blood flow. However, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) responsible for NO synthesis has not been well studied ultrastructurally in rat salivary gland. The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (endothelial, neuronal, and inducible NOS). Immunoelectron microscopic study, using monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS, anti-neuronal NOS, and anti-inducible NOS, was performed in the salivary gland of rat. Endothelial NOS (eNOS)-positive immunoreactivities were most prominent in the secretory granules of serous cells of the salivary gland of the rat. Immunoreactivities were well concentrated on serous secretory granules in the serous cells. However, weak eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was observed in the mucous secretory granules of the mucous cells. Positive endothelial NOS (eNOS) immunoreactivities were most prominent in the secretory granules of intralobular ducts. Ductal secretory granules and acinar serous secretory granules have a similar pattern of labeling as eNOS suggestings. Neural NOS (nNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was not detected in duct systems or in acinar cells. Inducible NOS (iNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was not seen in acinar and ductal cells. These results reveal the presence of eNOS in the salivary gland of the rat, which may be related with regulation of the glandular secretion and blood flow through the gland.

인공 치아우식 발생 모델에서 디지털 방사선 공제술을 이용한 인접면 치아우식증의 진단

박정훈,최용석,황의환,이기자,최삼진,박영호,김경숙,진현석,홍경원,오범석,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of the experiment was to evaluating the diagnostic ability of dental caries detection using digital subtraction in the artificial caries activity model. Materials and Methods : Digital radiographies of five teeth with 8 proximal surfaces were obtained by CCD sensor (Kodak RVG 6100 using a size #2). The digital radiographic images and subtraction images from artificial proximal caries were examined and interpreted. In this study, we proposed novel caries detection method which could diagnose the dental proximal caries from single digital radiographic image. Results : In artificial caries activity model, the range of lesional depth was 572-1,374 μm and the range of lesional area was 36.95-138.52mm². The lesional depth and the area were significantly increased with demineralization time (p<0.001). Furthermore, the proximal caries detection using digital subtraction radiography showed high detection rate compared to the proximal caries examination using simple digital radiograph. Conclusion : The results demonstrated that the digital subtraction radiography from single radiographic image of artificial caries was highly efficient in the detection of dental caries compared to the data from simple digital radiograph.

이성 경뇌막외농양 : Two Cases Report

김정배,권현오,오경균,김중환 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1984 한국의과학 Vol.16 No.4

자기평가 활동이 초등학생의 말하기 능력에 미치는 영향

이경은,김정환 한국교원대학교교육연구원 2006 敎員敎育 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 자기평가 활동이 초등학생의 말하기 능력에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 첫째, 자기평가 활동이 학생들의 말하기 능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 자기평가 활동이 학생들의 말하기 능력 수준별로 어떠한 차이를 보이는가? 라는 연구문제를 설정하였다. 이 연구문제를 해결하기 위하여 K시 소재 4학년 2개 학급 62명을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 실험 처치는 본 연구자가 4주간 8회기에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 실험에 투입한 자기평가 도구는 자기점검식 평정방법과 학습 일지 방법을 혼합하여 본 연구자가 제작하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 말하기 능력 측정 도구로는 말하기 능력 4가지 하위요소에 대해 3점 척도의 자기점검 평정표로 제작한 자기평가지로 동일하게 사용하였다. 말하기 능력은 교사 채점자 3인이 말하기 내용선정, 말하기 내용조직, 표현 및 전달, 자신감 있게 말하는 태도의 각 요소에 대하여 3점 척도의 분석적 평가를 한 후 그 결과를 평균하였다. 말하기 능력은 실험 전인 사전검사와 8회기 자기평가를 적용한 정보를 전달하는 말하기 실험 후의 사후검사, 그리고 4주 후의 지연검사를 통해 측정되었다. 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 첫째, 자기평가 활동이 학생들의 말하기 능력을 향상시켰으나 지속적인 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 자기평가는 말하기 능력 상, 중, 하위 집단간 비교에서 상위집단의 말하기 능력을 향상시켰으나 지속적인 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 자기평가 활동이 장기적으로 이루어진다면 학생들의 수행능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 바람직한 교육적 대안이 될 수 있를 것이다. The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of self-assessment on speaking ability for elementary school students. The research question were as follows ; (1) Self-assessment affect speaking ability? (2) Self-assessment show the difference according to the level of speaking ability? Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this research. Sixty two 4th grade children(actually two classes) were selected for performing experiment. One group was the self-assessment group(n=31) and the other was the control group(n=31). These treatments administered 8 times for 4 weeks in the classroom situation. It took for 40 minutes to complete each experiments. The used instruments were speaking ability test which was scored by three teacher assessors. Means and standard deviations obtained from these tests were analysed with Independent Samples t-test, One-way ANCOVA, MANOVA, MANCOVA. On the basis of the findings of the present study, the following conclusions were made: (1) Self-assessment was effective for the improvement of speaking ability. But the effect of self-assessment did not continue. (2) Self-assessment showed the signifiant difference in accordance with the level of speaking ability. The self-assessment improved speaking ability more positively in high level class than medium level class and low level class. But the effect of self-assessment in high level class did not continue. Consequently, Self-assessment made positive influences on increasing speaking ability. But it is required for improving speaking ability to need the more time training.

웅천천의 대형 저서 무척추동물의 분포와 다양성에 관하여

金鍾煥,趙京和,鄭寓碩 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.23 No.2

To investigate the distribution pattern of the benthic macroinvertebrates in Ungchon stream, this study was carried out at the six selected stations from August to October, 1994. The relationship of macrobenthos to environmental factors was also discussed and the results are summarized as follows: 1. The macrobenthos collected in this study was classified into 4 phyla, 6 classes, 15 orders, 25 families and 38 species, in which auquatic insect larvae were 26 species (68.4%), molluscs 8 species (21.1%), annelids 3 species (7.9%), and plathyhelminthes 1 species (2.6%). 2. It seemes to be few differences in species composition of the macrobenthos with monthly fluctuation or the stations. At station 3, more number of species(20 sp.) were collected than other stations, however less individuals were observed, especially the August, insect larvae would have collected. 3. Based on dominant indices, richness index and evenness index, Semisulcospira libertina and Ecdyonurus yosidae predominated at all stations, while Corbicula papyracea shows at the 3 station. 4. The relationship between collected species and water quality, Limnodrius gotoi which the lower 4th rank species occurred at 1, 2 stations. Hirudo nipponia, Caenis Kua, Chironomus sp.(white), Cloeon dipterum, Cercion calamorim, Orthetrum albitylum speciosum which the 3rd rank species, occurred at the same stations. Phagocata vivida which the 1st rank species were collected at 5 station. The evaluation between evenness and richness indices indicated some relationships, particularly the highest richness and evenness indices showed at station 3. 5. Considering the macrobenthos with the stream structure, Pleuroceridae and Heptageniidae larva predominated in the upper and middle stream at 4, 5, 6 were the stream surface was covered with medium sand. Corbicula papyracea species occurred at 1, 2 stations where the down stream surface was covered with fine sand and clay.

活性슬럿지法에 의한 炭化水素 함유 廢水의 淨化

고정삼,김재하,강경수,고영환 濟州大學校工科大學附屬産業技術硏究所 1991 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Activated sludge process which has been widely applied to the treatment of waste-water was slightly modified to remove hydrocarbons from wastewater. The process of wastewater treatment consisted of two consecutive reactors. Cells of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were first cultivated in synthetic wastewater containing 3%(W/V) of hydrocarbons. The resulting culture was then exposed to acclimatized active sludge. Hydrocarbon concentrations of the effluent from the process were 0.19-0.21%(W/V). The contents of suspended solid were reduced to 17-53 ㎎/l. The data imply that A.calcoaceticus can be used for the treatment of wastewater containing hydrocarbons.

활성슬럿지법에 의한 탄화수소 함유 폐수의 정화

고영환,강경수,김재하,고정삼 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.2 No.-

Activated sludge process which has been widely applied t o the treatment of waste-water was slightly modified to remove hydrocarbons from wastewater. The process of wastewater treatment consisted of two consecutive reactors. Cells of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were first cultivated in synthetic wastewater containing 3% (W/V) of hydrocarbons. The resulting culture was then exposed to acclimatized active sludge. Hydrocarbon concentrations of the effluent from the process were 0.19-0.21% (W/V). The contents of suspended solid were reduced to 17-53 ㎎/l. The data imply that A. calcoaceticus can be used for the treatment of wastewater containing hydrocarbons.