대학생들의 지방 섭취 형태와 에너지 균형 및 활동도에 관한 연구

윤교희 한국식품영양학회 1998 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.11 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate selected nutrient intakes, dietary atherogenesity, energy balance and activity level of college students. One hundred and thirty one students (61 males and 70 females) made their three-day dietary records and one-day activity records along with one-day dietary records. BMI of the surveyed students was 22.33 for males and 20.28 for females. Average calorie intakes of male and female students was respectively 2166.20㎉ and 1793.60㎉. Females had slightly higher fiber intakes than males in terms of fiber g/1000㎉. Carbohyrate, protein and fat ratios in energy composition of males and females were respectively 56.62 : 15.33 : 24.70 and 57.64 : 16.49 : 25.79. Average cholesterol intakes of male and female students were 295.66㎎ and 259㎎ respectively. The male showed higher saturated fat intake, and had higher atherogenic indices of diets such as cholesterol index(CI) and cholesterol-saturated fat index(CSI) than the female. Males spent an average of 1039.00㎉/day compared to females of 687.93㎉/day for all physical activities. Most students participated in light(100% of males and females) and moderate(33% of males and 3% of females) activities level. Few students spent time at severe and very severe activity level. Seventeen of the 131 students were in positive energy balance whereas 83% were in negative balance. Both genders with positive energy balance tended towards smaller weight and BMI, and larger food intakes than those with negative energy balance. Students with positive energy balance had higher saturated fat intakes and dietary atherogenic scores of CI and CSI than the counterparts with negative energy balance. Males with positive energy balance had decreased physical activity and daily energy expenditure whereas increased food and saturated fat intakes. Females with positive energy balance had significantly increased food, saturated fat and sugar intakes.

두 세대간의 지방 섭취형태 및 영양소 섭취량의 비교 연구

윤교희 한국식품영양학회 2000 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

2년제 대학에 재학 중인 대학생 72명과 그들의 부모 72명을 대상으로 3일-식이기록을 작성시켜 두 세대간의 영양소 섭취형태, 지방, 설탕 및 식이섬유 섭취량과 지방 섭취형태의 차이를 분석하였다, 조사대상자의 평균연령은 학생이 19.8세였고 부모가 48.2세였다. 평균 BMI는 학생이 20.9, 부모가 23.8이었으며, BMI 25이상을 비만으로 볼 때 학생의 9.7%와 부모의 29.2%가 비만으로 나타났다. 3일-식이기록으로 조사한 일일 열량섭취량은 학생이 1,881.5kcal, 부모가1,866.4kcal이며 이는 한국인 영양권장량의 85.0%와 85.9%로서 두 세대 모두 권장량에 미달되는 것으로 나타났다. 지방은 학생이 55.8g로서 48.0g인 부모보다 많이 섭취하고 있으며, 단백질은 부모가 학생보다 많이 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다(86.5 g과 75.2 g). 당질, 단백질 및 지방을 열량구성비율로 환산해 보면, 당질은 학생과 부모가 각각 57.6%와 59.4%, 단백질은 16.4%와 18.3%, 그리고 지방은 26.4%와 22.5%로서 바람직한 한국인의 열량구성비와 비교할 때 당질은 학생이 약 7%, 부모는 약 6% 적게, 단백질은 학생이 약 1%, 부모는 약 3%가 많게 섭취하고 있었으며, 지방은 학생은 약 1% 많이, 부모는 약 3% 적게 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. 학생과 부모의 단백질 섭취량은 각각 한국인의 영양권장량의 110.5%와 132.1%로서 모두 권장량보다 많았으며, 부모가 학생보다 훨씬 높았다. 칼슘섭취량은 학생과 부모 모두 권장량에 못 미치는 75.2%와 81.0%였으며, 철분섭취량은 학생들은 권장량의 93.3%로 약간 부족한 반면에 부모들은 133.4%로 권장량 이상 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 섭유질의 섭취량은 부모들이 15.3 g으로서 학생들의 11.0 g보다 많았고 설탕의 섭취량은 학생이 부모보다 많았으며(28.6과 20.7g). 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 두 세대간에 차이가 없었다. 섭취한 식품을 식품교화군으로 환산해 보면 곡규군, 지방군 및 과일군은 두 세대간에 차이가 없었으나 어육류군과 채소군은 부모들이 학생들보다 많은 양을 섭취하고 있었으며, 우유군은 학생들이 0.52로서 0.19인 부모들에 비해 많은 양을 섭취하고 있었다. 포화지방은 학생이 부모보다 많이 섭취하고 있었고(15.75 g과 12.42 g), 다가 불포화지방은 두 세대간의 섭취량이 차이가 없었으나 이것을 지방 섭취량에 대한 백분율로 환산하면 부모가 학생보다 훨씬 많았다(23.37%와 20.02%). 포화지방산을 섭취에너지에 대한 백분율로 환산하면 학생이 부모보다 높게 섭취하고 있었으며(7.42%과 5.74%). P:S 비는 부모가 학생보다 높았다(1.13과 0.75). 콜레스테롤은 학생이 부모보다 많이 섭취하는 경향을 보였으나(263.3g 과 224.0g) 유의적인 차이가 없고, 미국 영양사협회와 미국 심장협회가 권장하는 300mg을 넘지는 않았다. 식이 동맥경화원성을 나타내는 콜레스테롤지표(CI)와 Keys score 및 Hegsted score 모두 학생이 부모보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. We assessed dietary patterns of 72 college students and 72 parents. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in selected nutrient intakes and dietary atherogenicity between young and old generations. Three-day dietary records were used as a tool in collecting data and the diets were analyzed by the computer program Nutritionist Ⅳ.Average calori intakes of students and parents were 1,881.5kcal and 1,866.4kcal. Fat intakes were higher for students than those of parents, but protein intakes were higher for parents than those of students. Carbohydrate, protein and fat ratios in energy composition of students and parents were respectively 57.6:16.4:26.4 and 59.4:18.3:22.5. Students had slightly higher calcium intakes and consumed more milk exchanges than did parents, but students had lower values than parents when expressed as %RDAs for calcium. Our findings of higher consumptions of fat and sugar, lower fiber intakes, and higher atherogenic scores of diets such as cholesterol index, Keys score and Hegsted score in students than in their parents, would place our students at a higher risk for obesity and cardiovascular diseases.

쥐간 Cytosol에 있는 Dolichol 의 결합인자에 관한 연구

윤교희,( Kyo Hie Yoon,Shidoji Yoshihiro,Takai Katsuji ) 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.24 No.6

This paper describes an approach to search cytosolic binding component(s) for dolichol in rat liver. The contents of endogenous dolichol were estimated to be 13.5 ㎍/g liver (132 ng/㎎ protein) in the homogenate, 8.8 ㎍/g liver (692 ng/㎎ protein) in the microsome, and 1.8 ㎍/g liver (19 ng/㎎ protein) in cytosol indicating that about 13% of the hepatic dolichol stayed in the pool of cytosol. With respect to the chain distibution, dolichol-18 and -19 were found predominate in cytosol alike in homogenate. When rat liver cytosol was incubated with [³H]dolichol and applied to a column of Sephacryl S-300, 40% of total radioactivity appeared at the void volume. On the same chromatography of aqueous dispersion of [³H]dolichol as a blank, approximately 10% of the radioactivity appeared was eluted at the void volume indicating that the binding assay with gel filtration was not acceptable. When cytosol labeled with [³H]dolichol was applied to a column of DEAE-Sephacel, a single peak of radioactivity (about 10%) was eluted centered at around 0.3 M NaCl behind a peak of major proteins. On the same ion-exchange chromatography of [³H]dolichol dispersed in the buffer, no radioactivity was found in a linear gradient of NaCl concentration. When cold dolichol in 400-fold molar excess over [³H]dolichol was added upon labeling the cytosol, 75% of [³H]dolichol in 0.3 M NaCl fraction disappered indicating that the binding site(s) are saturable. These results appeared likely that certain acidic and macromolecular component(s) in the cytosol exhibited the specific binding activity with [³H]dolichol.

Search for Dolichol-Binding Component(s) in Rat Liver Cytosol

윤교희,Yoon, Kyo-Hie,Shidoji, Yoshihiro,Takai, Katsuji 생화학분자생물학회 1991 한국생화학회지 Vol.24 No.6

쥐간 dolichol의 함유량을 순상 HPLC로 측정한 결과, homogenate가 132 ng/mg protein, rnicrosome에 692 ng/mg protein, cytosol에는 47 ng/mg protein으로서 cytosol 중의 dolichol 총량은 homogenate의 약 13%에 이르는 것을 확인하였다. Cytosol dolichol의 chain distribution의 패턴은 역상 HPLC로 측정한 결과, homogenate의 dolichol과 유사하였다. Cytosol 에 $[^3H]dolichol$을 첨가하고 Sephacryl S-300 column으로 gel filteration을 행하면, 거의 모든 radioactivity가 void volume에 용출되었다. 그러나 유리형의 $[^3H]dolichol$도 일부 같은 fraction에 용출되는 점으로 보아서 종래의 방법으로는 $[^3H]dolichol$의 결합형과 유리형의 분리가 불완전함을 알 수 있었다. 한편, DEAE-Sephacel을 사용한 이온교환 크로마토그래피로는 결합형 $[^3H]dolichol$이 0.3M NaCl 근방에 용출되고 유리형 $[^3H]dolichol$은 전혀 용출되지 않는 점으로 보아 결합형과의 분리가 완전하였다. 또한, 40배 molar excess의 비표식(cold) dolichol을 공존시켰더니 0.3M 근방에 용출되는 $[^3H]dolichol$ peak는 25%로 감소되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 cytosol에는 음이온교환수지에 흡착되고, dolichol에 대해 포화형의 결합활성을 나타내는 인자가 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. This paper describes an approach to search cytosolic binding component(s) for dolichol in rat liver. The contents of endogenous dolichol were estimated to be $13.5{\mu}g/g$ liver (132 ng/mg protein) in the homogenate, $8.8{\mu}g/g$ liver (692 ng/mg protein) in the microsome, and $1.8{\mu}g/g$ liver (19 ng/mg protein) in cytosol indicating that about 13% of the hepatic dolichol stayed in the pool of cytosol. With respect to the chain distibution, dolichol-18 and -19 were found predominate in cytosol alike in homogenate. When rat liver cytosol was incubated with $[^3H]dolichol$ and applied to a column of Sephacryl S-300, 40% of total radioactivity appeared at the void volume. On the same chromatography of aqueous dispersion of $[^3H]dolichol$ as a blank, approximately 10% of the radioactivity appeared was eluted at the void volume indicating that the binding assay with gel filtration was not acceptable. When cytosol labeled with $[^3H]dolichol$ was applied to a column of DEAE-Sephacel, a single peak of radioactivity (about 10%) was eluted centered at around 0.3 M NaCl behind a peak of major proteins. On the same ion-exchange chromatography of $[^3H]dolichol$ dispersed in the buffer, no radioactivity was found in a linear gradient of NaCl concentration. When cold dolichol in 400-fold molar excess over $[^3H]dolichol$ was added upon labeling the cytosol, 75% of $[^3H]dolichol$ in 0.3 M NaCl fraction disappered indicating that the binding site(s) are saturable. These results appeared likely that certain acidic and macromolecular component(s) in the cytosol exhibited the specific binding activity with $[^3H]dolichol$.

Partial Purification and Characterization of Dolichol-Binding Component(s) in Rat Liver Cytosol

윤교희,Yoon, Kyo-Hie,Shidoji, Yoshihiro,Takai, Katsuji 생화학분자생물학회 1991 한국생화학회지 Vol.24 No.6

본 연구에서는 쥐간 cytosol에 있는 dolichol 결합인자의 부분정제를 행하였으며, 부분정제품의 특성을 밝혔다. 결합활성의 측정을 위하여 고속이온교환 크로마토그래피(FFLC)법을 새로이 개발하였다. 이 FFLC법은 30분 이내에 분석이 가능하며, 재현성이 양호하였다. 쥐간 cytosol의 dolichol 결합인자는 $80^{\circ}C$ 5분간의 열처리와 DEAE-Toyopearl 650M column 크로마토그래피에 의해 약 60배로 정제되었다. 부분정제된 결합인자와 $[^3H]$dolichol과의 복합체는 DEAE-Toyopearl column에 흡착되는 음이온 성질을 보였으며, 단백질 분해효소인 Pronase 처리에 의해 그 결합능이 상실되는 점으로 보아 단백질의 가능성을 시사하였다. Scatchard 분석에 의해 부분정제품에는 높은 친화력 $(K_d=1.25{\times}10^{-7}M)$과 낮은 용량(242 pmol/mg protein)의 결합부위와 낮은 친화력과 큰 용량의 결합부위가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 부분정제품의 ligand 결합 특이성을 검토한 결과, 부분정제품은 dolichol과 dolichol 유도체에 대하여 친화력을 보였으며, palmitic acid, oleic acid, retinol에 대하여는 친화력을 보이지 않았다. 한편, squalene, ubiquinone, cholesterol에 대해서도 부분적으로 친화력을 보였다. The present study describes the partial purification and characterization of dolicholbinding component(s). $[^3H]dolichol$ binding was assessed by a newly developed binding assay of fast flow liquid chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M (1 ml). The binding component(s) for dolichol in rat liver cytosol was purified about 60-fold by heat treatment ($80^{\circ}C$, 5 min) and DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M column chromatography. $[^3H]dolichol$ complex of the partially purified component(s) behaved as an anionic entity on DEAE-Toyopearl and the binding was abolished by Pronase proteolysis. Scatchard analysis revealed that the partially purified binding component(s) possessed a high affinity $(K_d=1.25{\times}10^{-7}M)$ and low capacity (242 pmol/mg protein) binding site, and also a low affinity and high capacity site(s). By competitive binding assay, the partially purified binding component(s) showed an affinity with dolichol and its derivatives, but not with palmitic acid, oleic acid and retinol. Though not dolichol congeners, squalene, ubiquinone and cholesterol were partially competitive. No lipid binding (carrier) proteins so far described accounted for the dolichol binding activity in our preparation, and the total binding capacity estimated herein comparable to the amounts of dolichol in rat liver cytosol.

서울 지역 주부들의 건강과 관련된 식생활 의식구조

오혜숙,윤교희 한국식생활문화학회 1995 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.10 No.3

In this survey, we investigated the way of thinking about meal management of housewives including the sincerity to meal preparation, the eating practices and cronic degenerative diseases related dietary behaviors, and studied the effects of above factors on the real food intakes. We also investigated the trends of health-foods and nutrient supplements usage. The results obtained from 506 housewives in Seoul were summarized as follows. Although our subjects prepared their meals habitually without special concern, they did not prefer the use of convenient foods. The food preference of housewives who had more child and refered higher life status was similar with other family members. The dietary attitudes were good in large family, the higher income and the more child group. The highly educated group skipped breakfast more frequently. The mealmanagers with better education career and good living status considered for the restriction of salty foods, sweet foods, animal fats and pungent foods, and for the nutritionally balanced diet. The high income group showed great concerns about weight gain at meal times. The nutritional qualities expressed by the frequency of food group intakes were high in the better educated and living status groups, and their eating frequencies of animal protein foods and calcium sources were significantly high. Mealmanagers who had no job intaked vegetable oils through frying foods frequently. The use of health-foods and nutrient supplements was influenced by age, educational and economic level and self-estimated living status, but the trends in prevalence of both were not consistent. Health-foods were prefered by the groups of high educational career, affluent income and advanced living status, and low educational career, low income and low living status groups favored the nutrient supplements. The restrictive intake of animal fat and the use of health-food were positively correlated, which seemed that the subjects used health-foods as supplements in compensation for nutritional unbalance caused by the avoidance of animal protein foods.

쥐간 Cytosol 에 있는 Dolichol 의 결합인자의 부분정제와 특성

윤교희,shidoji Yoshihiro,takai Katsuji ( Kyo Hie Yoon ) 생화학분자생물학회 1991 BMB Reports Vol.24 No.6

The present study describes the partial purification and characterization of dolicholbinding component(s). [³H]dolichol binding was assessed by a newly developed binding assay of fast flow liquid chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M (1 ml). The binding component(s) for dolichol in rat liver cytosol was purified about 60-fold by heat treatment (80℃, 5 min) and DEAE-Toyopearl 650 M column chromatography. [³H]dolichol complex of the partially purified component(s) behaved as an anionic entity on DEAE-Toyopearl and the binding was abolished by Pronase proteolysis. Scatchard analysis revealed that the partially purified binding component(s) possessed a high affinity (K_d=1.25 × 10^(-7) M) and low capacity (242 pmol/㎎ protein) binding site, and also a low affinity and high capacity site(s). By competitive binding assay, the partially purified binding component(s) showed an affinity with dolichol and its derivatives, but not with palmitic acid, oleic acid and retinol. Though not dolichol congeners, squalene, ubiquinone and cholesterol were partially competitive. No lipid binding (carrier) proteins so far described accounted for the dolichol binding activity in our preparation, and the total binding capacity estimated herein comparable to the amounts of dolichol in rat liver cytosol.

엽차용 녹차 추출물 및 분획물의 항균효과

정숙현(Sook Hyun Chung),윤교희(Kyo Hie Yoon) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.11

9월에 수확하여 엽차용 녹차로 시판되는 보성산 녹차를 상온수, 80℃ 열수, 70% ethanol 용액으로 추출하고, 70% ethanol 추출물을 다시 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol로 분획한 다음 녹차 추출물과 분획물의 그램 양성균과 그램 음성균 8종에 대한 항균활성에 대하여 조사를 하였다. 녹차의 추출 수율은 70% ethanol 추출물은 33.0%, ethyl acetate 분획물은 11.2%를 보였다. 8종의 세균에 대한 녹차추출물 간의 항균활성은 70% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 수 추출물에 비하여 Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V. parahaemolyticu) 및 Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)에 대하여 가장 높았다. 70% 에탄올 추출물로부터 여러 가지 용매를 달리하여 분획한 분획물 간의 항균활성은 70% ethanol 추출물에 비하여 ethyl acetate 분획물의 경우 Klebsiella pneumoniae, V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis) 및 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans)와 같은 5종의 세균에 대하여 높았다. 70% ethanol 추출물 유래 ethyl acetate 분획물의 MIC는 B. subtilis의 경우 5 μL/disc이었고, S. aureus와 S. mutans의 경우 3 μL/disc이었으며, V. parahaemolyticus의 경우 3 μL/disc 이하로 아주 낮았다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 첨가 농도에 따른 항균효과는 B. subtilis와 S. mutans 두 균종에서 확연히 나타났고 B. subtilis는 0.05% 이상의 첨가로 24시간 증식시켰을 때 control에 비하여 균증식이 90% 이상 억제됨을 보였으며, S. mutans는 동일한 균증식 억제 효과를 얻기 위하여 0.1% 이상의 ethyl acetate 분획물 농도가 요구되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 열처리(121oC, 20분)는 균종에 따라 10%정도의 항균활성을 감소시켰다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합할 때 9월에 채엽된 저렴한 녹차로 천연항균제 혹은 식품보존료의 개발은 충분한 잠재력이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. Antimicrobial activities of green tea extracts used for coarse tea were investigated by disc diffusion method using eight different bacteria. Among the green tea extracts, the 70% ethanol extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activities against Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and thus was further fractionated. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against V. parahemolyticus, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). These activities exceeded that of all extracts and fractions tested in this study. Interestingly, although green tea extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), once fractionated, the ethyl acetate fraction did not show any antimicrobial activity against M. luteus. MICs of the ethyl acetate fraction were 5 μL/disc against B. subtilis and 3 μL/disc against S. aureus, S. mutans and V. parahaemolyticus. 90% inhibition of B. subtilis was observed with 0.05% ethyl acetate fraction but S. mutans needed over 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction to exhibit the same inhibition as B. subtilis. Antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate fractions were reduced around 10% by thermal treatment at 121℃ for 20 min. All the results suggest that the 70% ethanol extract as well as the ethyl acetate fraction from green tea used for coarse tea could be further developed into a natural antimicrobial agent.

비타민 D₂ 강화 표고버섯과 해조칼슘 첨가 냉면의 저장성 예측 - 연구노트 -

정숙현,오혜숙,윤교희,Chung, Sook-Hyun,Oh, Hae-Sook,Yoon, Kyo-Hie 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.9

비타민 $D_2$ 강화한 표고버섯(3%)과 해조칼슘을 첨가하여 비살균 제품이며 숙면에 속하는 냉면을 제조한 후, 편의식 개발을 목적으로 저장성을 예측하고자 하였다. $5^{\circ}C$에서 8일간 냉장저장하면서 미생물 및 관능적 품질 변화를 관찰한 결과, 냉면의 초기 세균 수는 2.54 log CFU/g 정도였으며, 냉장 조건에서 6일까지는 세균수가 5 log CFU/g 이하로서 식용에 적합하다고 판단되었다. 버섯냉면을 8일간 냉장저장 중에는 이취를 인식하지 못하였고 육안으로는 곰팡이 발생여부를 확인할 수 없었다. 표고버섯 첨가냉면을 총 8주 동안 냉동저장$(-18^{\circ}C)$하여 검사한 결과, 총세균수는 $770{\sim}160$ CFU/g 정도로 저장기간 중 유의적 차이를 보였으나 전 기간에 걸쳐 숙면의 저장가능 조건인 $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/g 이하로서 8주까지는 유통 및 저장 조건이 잘 유지된다면 미생물적 품질은 비교적 안전할 것으로 여겨진다. 윤기, 버섯 향, 쌉쌀한 맛, 씹힘성 및 탄력성의 관능특성은 8주간의 냉동저장 기간 동안 제조 직후와 비교할 때 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 이 결과는 미생물검사 결과와 함께 저장 안정성이 매우 큼을 시사하는 것으로 여겨진다. Cold buckwheat noodles with 3% vitamin D2 enriched Siitake mushroom and seaweed derived calcium (Aquacal) added as functional ingredients were developed. For the prediction of shelf-life of these cold buckwheat noodles, classified as unsterilized cooked noodles, bacterial counts and sensory evaluations were examined during 8 days under refrigerated conditions (5oC) and 8 weeks of storage under frozen conditions $(-18^{\circ}C)$. Results of bacterial count showed that cold buckwheat noodles were microbiologically safe within 6 days at the storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and the shelf-life of these noodles could be extended to 8 whole weeks when stored at $-18^{\circ}C$. Apparent qualities (off-flavor and fungi development) of cold buckwheat noodles kept in $5^{\circ}C$ were not decreased within 8 days. Sensory characteristics (gloss, mushroom flavor, bitterness, chewiness and elasticity) of noodles were not changed during 8 weeks at $-18^{\circ}C$.