정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

멀티미디어 PC를 활용한 '지층과 화석' 단원 자료개발

서승조,손창익 晋州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2000 初等敎育硏究 Vol.10 No.-

돈분과 톱밥의 혼합비율이 지렁이 생존에 미치는 영향 : Eisenia foetida

황보순,조익환,박창일,손장호 대구대학교 생명과학연구소 2002 생명과학연구 Vol.1 No.2

본 연구는 톱밥의 혼합비율을 달리한 돈분을 대상으로 부숙기간별 이화학적 변화를 측정하고 이를 바탕으로 생존율을 조사하여 가축분의 효율적인 vermicomposting의 기초자료로 이용하고자 실시하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 부숙이 경과함에 따라 지렁이가 생존하기 시작하여 8주부터 A구(돈분 100%)를 포함한 모든 구에서 지렁이의 생존이 가능하였다. C/N비는 부숙이 경과함에 따라 낮아졌으며, 톱밥혼합 비율이 높을수록 C/N비가 유의하게 높아 톱밥첨가 40인 E구가 다른구 보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 지렁이가 생존하기 시작한 C/N비는 10.8~16.0으로 나타났다. 톱밥 혼합비율을 달리한 돈분의 pH 변화는 부숙이 경과함에 따라 점차 pH 7.5에 가까워지는 경향을 보였으며 지렁이가 생존하기 시작한 pH는 7.5~8.0으로 나타났다. Ec의 변화는 부숙 경과에 따라 거의 없었으며, 처리구간에서는 톱밥첨가가 많을수록 낮아졌으며 지렁이가 생존하기 시작한 Ec는 2.2~4.7mS/㎝으로 나타났다. This study was performed to investigate the effect of different mixture ratio of the sawdust and swine manure and to measure C/N ratio, ph, Ec of the ripening of that and investigate on survival of earthworm with that and to use to efficient vermicomposting of swine manure as basic information. The results are summarized as follows. According as ripening of different mixture ratio of the sawdust and swine manure, earthworm begins to exist and survival of earthworm is possible in all including A(swine manure 100%) since 8 weeks. According as ripening, C/N ratio became low and sawdust mixing ratio is high. C/N ratio is significantly higher in E(sawdust 40%) than A, B, C and D(P< 0.05). C/N ratio that earthworm begins to exist appeared by 10.8∼16.0. pH value change of looked tendency that approach to pH 7.5 gradually according as ripening. pH value that earthworm begins to exist appeared by 7.5∼8.0. Electrolytic conductivity became low sawdust addition ratio is high. Electrolytic conductivity that earthworm begins to exist appeared by 2.2∼4.7mS/㎝.

태권도 품새 수련이 아동의 심박수, 심근산소소비량, 에너지 대사에 미치는 영향

정성태,전태원,박익렬,정덕조,우재홍,이광희,이동기,강현주 서울대학교 체육연구소 2000 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.21 No.1

The Taegeuk Poomse 1 through 8 of Taekwondo are based upon eight major branches of philosophical theories. The propose of this study was to investigate the nfluence of Taekwondo poomse trainning on heart rate, MVO2, energy metabolism in primary school students. Subjects for this study were eight male the fifth∼sixth grades students who participated in exercise program consist of Taekwondo poomse trainning in dojang which is located in Shinlim-2dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul(12.7± 0.5years, 150.8 ±4.6cm, 45.1 ± 9.4kg, 24.9 ± 9trainning length). The results of thet this study are as follows: 1) The average of heart rate was Taegeuk Poomse 1 through 8 of Taekwondo 90.57± 4.gbeats/min in rest and 139.7 ± 17.5beats/min in exercise. The minimum heart rate was 89.0±2.8, peak heart rate was 167.1 ±6.4 in exercise. It was ranged from 42% to 80% 2) of the max heart rate and ranged 42 to 65%HRmax. Taegeuk 1 Jang was differenced with others Jangs significantly(p<0.05), 2) The time of the Taegeuk 1 through 8 Jang of Taekwondo was 5minutes 12seconds. Heart rate was ranged from 90.6 ± 7.85beats/min to 171.8 ±8.Ibeats/min and increased linearly. 3) The average of the MVO2 was 11.1 ±0.78mmHg · bpm-3 in rest and 19.1 ± 1.2mmHg ㆍbpm-3 in exercise. MVO2 was ranged from 10.5mmHg · bpm-3 to 20.3mmHg · bpm-3. There were not difference between Taegeuk Poomses(p<0.05). 4) The energy metabolism was as follows: Mean VO2 Respiratory exchange ratio, energy consumption were 0.51(V02L/min),0.71(RQ),2.32Ckca1/min) in rest respectively. but In exercise Mean VO2 Respiratory exchange ratio, energy consumption were 0.89 ± 0.18( V 02L/min), 0.79±0.08(RQ), 4.26±0.51(kcal/min) respectively . The difference was only between Taegeuk 1 Jang and Taegeuk 3 Jang(p<0.05). This study showed that the Taekwondo Poomse trainning was proper exercise for fitness, body composition and weight control in normal, abnormal(obese) children because the Taekwondo trainning are dynamic and exciting sport.

폭염처리에 의한 감자의 수량성과 품질 변화

이규빈,최장규,박영은,정건호,권도희,조광룡,천충기,장동칠,진용익,Lee, Gyu-Bin,Choi, Jang-Gyu,Park, Young-Eun,Jung, Gun-Ho,Kwon, Do-Hee,Jo, Kwang-Ryong,Cheon, Chung-Gi,Chang, Dong Chil,Jin, Yong-Ik 한국농림기상학회 2022 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Due to abnormal weather conditions caused by climate change, natural disasters and damages are gradually increasing around the world. Global climate change as accompanied by warming is projected to exert adverse impact on production of potato, which is known as cool season crop. Even though, role of potato as a food security crop is expected to increase in the future, the climate change impacts on potato and adaption strategies are not sufficiently established. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the damage pattern of potatoes due to high temperature treatment and to evaluate the response of cultivars. T he high temperature treatment (35~38℃) induced heat stress by sealing the plastic house in midsummer (July), and the quantity and quality characteristics of potatoes were compared with the control group. T otal yield, marketable yield (>80 g) and the number of tubers per plants decreased when heat treatment was performed, and statistical significance was evident. In the heat treatment, 'Jayoung' cultivar suffered a high heat damage with an 84% reduction in yield of >80 g compared to the control group. However, in Jopung cultivar, the decrease was relatively small at 26%. Tuber physiological disturbances (Secondary growth, Tuber cracking, Malformation) tended to increase in the heat stress. Under heat conditions, the tubers were elongated overall, which means that the marketability of potatoes was lowered. T he tuber firmness and dry matter content tended to decrease significantly in the heat-treated group. T herefore, the yield and quality of tubers were damaged when growing potatoes in heat conditions. T he cultivar with high heat adaptability was 'Jopung'. T his result can be used as basic data for potato growers and breeding of heat-resistant cultivars.

Review : Cost-of-illness studies: concepts, scopes, and methods

( Ik Jo Chang ) 대한간학회 2014 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.20 No.4

Liver diseases are one of the main causes of death, and their ever-increasing prevalence is threatening to cause significant damage both to individuals and society as a whole. This damage is especially serious for the economically active population in Korea. From the societal perspective, it is therefore necessary to consider the economic impacts associated with liver diseases, and identify interventions that can reduce the burden of these diseases. The cost-of-illness study is considered to be an essential evaluation technique in health care. By measuring and comparing the economic burdens of diseases to society, such studies can help health-care decision-makers to set up and prioritize health-care policies and interventions. Using economic theories, this paper introduces various study methods that are generally applicable to most disease cases for estimating the costs of illness associated with mortality, morbidity, disability, and other disease characteristics. It also presents concepts and scopes of costs along with different cost categories from different research perspectives in cost estimations. By discussing the epidemiological and economic grounds of the cost-of-illness study, the reported results represent useful information about several evaluation techniques at an advanced level, such as cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and cost-utility analysis. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2014;20:327-337)

Clinical Importance of Work-Exacerbated Asthma: Findings From a Prospective Asthma Cohort in a Highly Industrialized City in Korea

Jo Woori,Seo Kwang Won,Jung Hwa Sik,Park Chui Yong,Kang Byung Ju,Kang Hyeon Hui,Ra Seung Won,Jegal Yangjin,Ahn Jong Joon,Park Soon Eun,Jung Moon Sik,Park Ju Ik,Park Eun Ji,Sim Chang Sun,Kim Tae-Bum,Le 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: Work-related asthma (WRA) occupies about 10%–30% of all asthma cases. Among 2 subtypes of WRA (occupational asthma [OA] and work-exacerbated asthma [WEA]), the rate of WEA has been reported to increase recently. WRA is described as having worse characteristics than non-WRA (NWRA), while WEA is known to show similar severity to OA in terms of symptoms and exacerbations. However, these data were mainly based on indirect surveys. Ulsan is a highly industrialized city in Korea; therefore, it is estimated to have a high incidence of WRA. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of WRA in the city. Methods: This was a prospective asthma cohort study of individuals diagnosed with asthma and treated at Ulsan University Hospital between Jan 2015 and Dec 2016. Baseline characteristics and work-related inquiry (9 questionnaires) were investigated at enrollment. Various severity indices and job change were then investigated for the longitudinal analysis at 12 months after enrollment. Results: In total, 217 asthma patients completed the study. WRA accounted for 17% (36/217), with an equal number of WEA and OA (18 patients each). Before the work-related survey, only 33% (n = 12) of WRA patients (22% [4/18] of WEA and 44% [8/18] of OA) were diagnosed with WRA by the attending physicians. Compared to the NWRA group and the OA subgroup, the WEA subgroup had more outpatient visits, more oral corticosteroids prescriptions, and trends of low asthma control test scores and severe asthma. The rate of job change was markedly lower in the WEA subgroup than in the OA subgroup (20% vs. 5%). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of WRA (17%) was similar to those of previous studies, but the share of WEA was high (50% of WRA). WEA was more severe than OA or NWRA. The possible reason for this severity is ongoing workplace exposure.

Effect of Trimebutine and Rifaximin on Breath Hydrogen and Methane by Glucose Breath Test in Patients With Functional Bloating: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

( Ik Hyun Jo ),( Chang-nyol Paik ),( Ji Min Lee ),( Do Seon Song ),( Yeon-ji Kim ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2024 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.30 No.2

Background/Aims Drugs that stabilize intestinal motility may improve the efficacy of nonabsorbable antibiotics, such as rifaximin, against small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). We compared the efficacy of rifaximin alone with that of its combination with trimebutine maleate against SIBO. Methods We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (https://cris.nih.go.kr, no. KCT0004836) that included patients with functional bloating, no constipation, and SIBO using the hydrogen (H₂)-methane (CH₄) glucose breath test (GBT). Patients were randomized into 2 groups in a 1:1 ratio, namely rifaximin (1200 mg/day) + trimebutine maleate (600 mg/day) group and rifaximin + placebo group, for 2 weeks. Patients completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent a GBT at baseline and at 1 month after treatment withdrawal. The primary outcome was SIBO eradication. The secondary outcomes included changes in the concentrations of exhaled gases, symptoms, and presence of adverse events. Results The complete eradication rate of SIBO was 35.9% (14/39) in the rifaximin group, and 34.1% (14/41) in the combined group with no significant differences. In both groups, no significant differences were observed in GBT profiles before and after the treatment, respectively. However total breath H₂ and CH₄ concentration were conspicuously decreased in the combined group after treatment. The combined group exhibited substantial relief of bloating. The adverse events were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusion While the combination therapy was not superior over rifaximin alone for SIBO eradication, it improves the symptom of bloating with numerically reducing the concentration of breath H₂/CH₄. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024;30:220-228)

공공보건의료제도의 강화 인식에 대한 연구: 의료취약지역 지원의 조절효과

조창익(Chang-Ik Jo),이종석(Jong-Seok Lee),정득(Deuk Jung) 한국보건복지학회 2020 보건과 복지 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 우리나라 국민이 인식하고 있는 보건의료제도의 변화 필요성에 대한 인식 요소가 공공의료의 강화 인식에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 ‘의료취약계층 지원’에 대한 인식이 ‘공공의료의 강화’ 인식에 미치는 영향은 ‘의료취약지역 지원’의 인식 수준에 따라 달라지는지 조절효과를 함께 분석하였다. 이 연구를 위해 우리나라 전국민을 대상으로 설문조사한 「2018 의료서비스 경험조사」를 활용하였고, 연구대상은 4,346명이었다. 연구결과 보건의료제도의 변화 필요성에 대한 인식 요소(본인부담금 감소, 대형병원 쏠림 억제, 의료취약계층 지원, 의료취약지역 지원) 모두 공공의료의 강화 인식에 정(+)의 영향을 나타냈으며, 의료취약지역 지원에 대한 인식은 상대적으로 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 요인이었고, 의료취약계층 지원에 대한 인식이 공공의료의 강화 인식에 미치는 영향력을 조절하는 변수였다. 이것은 의료취약계층 지원을 위한 정책이나 사업은 의료취약지역 지원에 대한 인프라로서 공공병원과 의료시설 및 의료진 등이 동시에 마련될 때 공공의료의 강화에 대한 인식이 크게 향상될 수 있음을 시사한다. Using the “2018 Medical Service Experience Survey” data of KIHASA, this study empirically analyzes whether the factors the Korean people recognize for change in health care system have impacts on enhancing public health care. The moderating effect of ‘support for medically vulnerable areas’ is additionally carried out on the causal relation between ‘support for medically vulnerable people’ and ‘enhancement of public health care.’ The study presents that all the factors for change in health care system (reduction of out-of-pocket cost, reduction of concentration on tertiary hospitals, support for medically vulnerable people, and support for medically vulnerable areas, etc.) show positive effect on the enhancement of public health care, while the variable of ‘support for medically vulnerable areas’ has the biggest effect in line with the moderating effect in the causality. These results imply that when central or local governments design and implement policies or projects to support the medically vulnerable people, public hospitals and facilities along with medical staff need to be concurrently reinforced as infrastructure to support medically vulnerable areas.

결혼과 비만의 상관관계에 관한 실증적 연구

조창익 ( Chang Ik Jo ) 한국보건경제정책학회(구 한국보건경제학회) 2006 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.12 No.2

1980년대 이후 급격히 증가한 비만의 문제는 여러 가지 사회경제적 요소에 따라 좌우된다고 알려져 있다. 결혼 상태와 비만의 逆 인과관계 (reverse causality)까지를 고려한 상관관계를 이해하기 위하여 본 논문은 NLSY 79 자료를 바탕으로 OLS 및 bivariate probit 등의 여러가지 계량모형을 도입하여 분석한다. 이러한 분석 등을 통하여 결혼상태가 비만에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알 수 있는데, 결혼한 남자의 경우는 그렇지 않는 결혼상태를 가진 남성의 경우에 비해 비만 내지 체중이 늘어날 가능성이 더 높으나, 여성의 경우는 결혼상태에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. The prevalence of obesity varies with socioeconomic and marital status. The relationship between marital status and obesity, however, is not well established. In order to explore the origin of these associations, this study is designed to investigate the effects of marital status and an expanded set of socioeconomic covariates on obesity and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). At the same time, we allow for reverse causality from obesity to marital status. To obtain consistent estimates of these effects, we apply ordinary least squares (OLS) models and bivariate probit models with correlated errors to data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY 79), which is originally designed to represent the entire population of American youth in 1979. The results reveal that married men have statistically significantly larger values of BMI and are more likely to be obese than men who never married or divorced, even when demographic and socioeconomic variables are held constant. By contrast, marital status is not significantly associated with obesity of BMI among women. These findings, which take account of reverse causality from weight to marital status, suggests that marital status appears to influence obesity among men, but not among women.