콩 단백 성분 및 연령이 암컷 흰쥐의 혈장 지질 농도와 인지질 지방산 패턴에 미치는 영향

정은정(Eun-Jung Chung),김수연(Soo-Yeon Kim),김지영(Ji-Young Kim),안지영(Ji-Young Ahn),박정화(Jung-Wha Park),차명화(Myung-Hwa Cha),이양자(Yang-Cha Lee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2003 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

혈중 지질농도는 식이단백질 종류보다는 연령의 영향을 많이 받아, young군보다 old군의 총 콜레스테롤, TG, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL+VLDL-콜레스테롤 및 AI 모두 높았다. 한편 콩 단백질군에서 HDL-콜레스테롤 수준이 증가하고, LDL+VLDL-콜레스테롤와 AI는 감소하여, 심혈관질환에 대한 콩 단백질의 유익한 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 식이단백질에 의해 유의한 영향을 받은 혈장 인지질의 지방산조성중 22:0, 18:1ω9, ∑MUFA 조성은 카제인군에서 콩 단백질군 보다 높았으며, 반대로 ∑SFA 조성은 카제인군에서 낮았다. 연령에 의해 혈장 인지질 지방산 조성에 있어 유의한 차이를 보인 지방산 중 22:0, 18:1ω9, 22:1, 18:3ω3 및 22:4ω6는 young군에서 높은 반면에, 22:6ω3, ∑ω3, 18:2ω6, 20:4ω6, ∑ω6 및 ∑PUFA의 조성비율은 old군에서 높게 나타났다. 이와 같이 식이 단백질의 종류보다 연령의 영향력이 더 많이 나타난 것은 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 식이 단백질보다는 연령의 영향을 더 크게 받았기 때문으로 생각된다. 혈장 인지질 지방산의 대사지표 중 Δ7-desaturation index(16:0⇒16:1ω7)와 Δ9-desaturation index(18:0⇒18:1ω9)가 식이 단백질의 영향을 받아 카제인군에 비해 콩 단백질군에서 유의하게 낮았다. Δ7- 및 Δ9-desaturation index만이 식이 단백질의 영향을 받은 것은 식이 단백질보다 desaturase 활성에 더 큰 영향력을 미치는 콜레스테롤이 식이에 첨가되었기 때문이라 생각된다. Δ-4 desaturation index (22:4ω6⇒22:5ω6)는 young군에 비해 old군에서 높았으며, elongation index(20:4 ω6⇒22:4ω6)는 old군에서 낮았다. 대부분의 elongation과 desaturation 단계는 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였으나, ω3계 지방산의 전체적인 elongation-desaturation 단계를 나타내는 ∑products-fatty acid(ω3)/α-LNA(ω3) 비율이 old군에서 young군보다 유의하게 높아, 연령에 따른 PUFA 대사의 변화가 관찰되었다. 이상에서와 같이, 콩 단백질의 섭취로 흰쥐 혈장 인지질의 ∑MUFA 조성은 낮고 ∑SFA 조성은 높아 다른 지질 강화성분의 섭취와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 높은 old군에서 체내 막조직의 유동성을 유지하기 위해 PUFA의 합성 특히 ω3계 지방산의 elongation-desaturation이 증가하여 총 PUFA 조성이 young군보다 높았다. 연구결과로 이소플라본을 포함한 콩 단백질의 혈중 지질저하 기전에 대해 체계적인 설명은할 수 없지만, 콩 단백질이 혈장 지방산의 조성을 변화시킴으로써 간접적으로 심혈관계 질환에 대해 유익한 효과를 미침을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 이러한 혈관의 건강과 관련된 콩의 유익한 효과는 이소플라본과 같은 콩의 특정 성분의 단독효과라기보다는 콩 단백질과의 복합효과에 의한 것이라는 주장은 매우 설득력 있다고 생각된다. Effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) containing isoflavone and casein diets on plasma phospholipid (PLs)-fatty acid patterns were investigated in 7- & 40- wk old female rats. Diets containing 16% SPC (soy/young: SY, soy/old: SO) and casein (casein/young: CY, casein/ old: CO) supplemented with 0.5% cholesterol were fed for 4 wks. Fatty acid compositions of plasma PLs were determined by TLC and GLC. Compared to the dietary protein effects, age effects on serum lipids were more profound. The levels of total cholesterol (Chol.), triglyceride, HDL-Chol., (LDL+VLDL)-Chol. and atherogenic index (AI) were higher in older groups (OC & OS) than younger groups (YC & YS). Soy groups had higher HDL-Chol. level and lower (LDL+VLDL)-Chol. and AI, compared with casein groups. The compositions of C22:0, C18:1ω9 and sum of MUFA in plasma PLs were significantly higher in casein group (CY & CO) than soy group (SY & SO), but those of sum of SFA were higher in soy group. The compositions of C22:0, C18:1ω9, C22:1, C18:3ω3 and C22:4ω6 were higher and those of C22:6ω3, sum ofω3, C18:2ω6 C20:4ω6, sum ofω6 and sum of PUFA were lower in plasma PLs of younger rats. The average P/S and ω3/ω6 ratio in older group was higher. The Δ-7 desaturation index (16:0⇒16:1ω7) and Δ-9 desaturation index (18:0⇒18 : 1ω9) were lower in soy group than casein group, while Δ-6 and Δ-5 desaturation index were not affected by dietary protein. The Δ-4 desaturation index (22:4ω6⇒22:5ω6) were higher and, elongation index (20:4ω6⇒22:4ω6) were lower in older group. The ratio of the products of ω3 fatty acid series/precursor of ω3 fatty acid series (C18:3) was significantly higher in older group, which in- dicated that age affected the plasma PUFA metabolism. On the other hand, older rats had higher serum cholesterol level compared with younger rats. Taken together, these changes in fatty acid composition might cause minimal changes in the membrane fluidity induced by the increase serum cholesterol level.

정조(正租)의 화성행차(華城行次)에 나타난 의장(儀仗)과 복식(服飾)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이혜영 ( Hye Young Lee ),심하진 ( Hwa Jin Shim ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2002 패션 비즈니스 Vol.6 No.2

Honor guards` dress represented by royal carriage parade. This thesis studies the ceremonial dress worn by the ceremonial troops during the Hwa-sung Hang-hang Ban-cha drawing (華城幸行班次圖) in the Chosun dynasty of King Jung-jo. The purpose of this study is to understand the national level ceremony by closely looking into the traditional ceremonial dress and the various signs that were used at these events thereby enhancing the cultural status of the Jung-jo King period. The Hwa-sung Hang-hang Ban-cha drawing(華城幸行班次圖) has its characteristics and also has commonality between the garments worn at these ceremonies. These garments are a traditional heritage brought down from many ages before and is a reflection of the changes that have occurred within our everyday life. Among these many records the Bancha-do(班次圖) is a representation of records that show what was worn by both nobles down to the ceremonial troops. The uniforms of the ceremonial troops were not only huge in size but also very diverse according to rank and grade. They used strong true colors with colorful flags, ceremonial items and musical instruments. These all added to the grandeur of the ceremony. The ceremonial flag was itself a symbol and was the core of the whole ceremony and parade. These ceremonial flags represented the heaven, sun, moon, hill and animals as well as supernatural gods. All these showed change in shape, color and content by age and time. Also the Yongmun Gichi(Dragon flag: 龍紋旗幟) is a supernatural being representing the power and wish of the ruler. The Chunsang-mun represents the indivisible relationship between man and heaven and also a metaphor for absolute power. A close look at ceremonial instruments show a direct representation towards power such as an axe, spear and sword and integrated with other large ceremonial items not only provided a shade but was also a representation of worship. These all were a more or less representation of authority. The musical instruments expressed the absolute authority of the ruler and maintained the marching order and also added grandeur to the parade. A summary of the ceremonial troops in the As seen above, these national ceremonies were a representation of the present power of authority and the will to rule. These ideas and the philosophy of ruled by heaven is represented here in the uniforms and the ceremony itself. The Bicentennial anniversary of the Nung - hang of February 1795 will be an excellent opportunity to show and inherit the tradition and recreation of our heritage. In this view we must look at the color and shape of traditional dress to be able to inherit and learn from our ancestors.

박영진가 개성부기 장부의 분석과 특징: 제1기 거래를 중심으로

정기숙 ( Key-sook Jung ),노병탁 ( Byung T. Ro ),김영화 ( Young-hwa Kim ),임상종 ( Sang-jong Lim ) 한국회계학회 2023 회계저널 Vol.32 No.3

It is well known that the ancestry of Park Young-jin's family was one of the Kaeseong merchants in the area of Goryeo (AD 918-1392) and the descendants of the family still keep an almost complete set of the original books of Kaeseong bookkeeping. Collectively, these books cover a vast volume of records on the business transactions of the family over a period of 24 years and eight months(AD 1887. 8.15. ~ 1912. 4.15.). They consist of Ilgee Jang, Jangchaek, Ju Hoegye, and Kagin Hoegye, among others. All these books are the genuine and original books of Kaeseong bookkeeping. The records in Ilgee Jang are prepared according to the double entry principle or, more generally, the duality of business transactions and the balancing feature of debits and credits. The journal entries are made largely in line with the cash basis of accounting and the principles of bank accounting today. As such, Ilgee Jang is more like a ledger for cash transactions. The increase (decrease) in assets and expenses is recorded and indicated by the letter 去(入). And the increase (decrease) in liabilities, equity, and revenues is recorded and indicated by the letter 入(去). One thing of particular interest, which may be a potential limitation of the Park family books, is that the entry to record interest revenue on loans is not made clear. That is, the interest revenue on loans is computed in advance as the loan is made yet the record thereof is not found in Ilgee Jang but found in Jangchaek later. Because of this, a period-end general trial balance, if prepared, does balance the debits and credits. Another ambiguity is that the entry of interest revenue is not made consistently between Dojung (or Chain) versus other business customers. In the case of the Dojung Hoegye, for example, the term Chaegeup is used to indicate the interest revenue on loans, while another term Daegeo is used in other cases. And In the case of Chaegeup, the entry of the interest revenue is recorded at the time when the loan is made. In the case of Daegeo, however, the interest revenue is recorded when the loan is paid off at the end of the accounting period. The accounting period of the Park Young-jin family business typically ends September 15 each year. However, the books are not closed at each period-end but still left open for the next period. This is somewhat confusing or contrasting to the book (1916) of Hyeon Byeoing-ju on Kaeseong bookkeeping. In his book, Hyeon shows how to close the books at year-end. For example, he shows that the Janchaek of each year is closed and a new Jangchaek is used for the next year. In cases where the same Jangchaek continues to be used in the next period, the individual accounts are marked with the symbol O called Kwonjeom. And if there is any transfer transaction between individual accounts, it is recorded only in Jangchaek, indicated by the word Eerok or Eerae. In summary, the recording of interest revenue on loans in books and the lack of the year-end closing procedures for books in general are the most notable limitation of the Park family books. Other than this, the Park family books are the most complete set of accounting books on Kaeseong bookkeeping in existence, prepared largely according to the double entry principle we use today.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

GASKET LIFE CRITERIA AT LOW TEMPERATURES ADOPTING PROPORTIONAL COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OF FLEXIBILITY AND CONFORMABILITY

Young-Doo Kwon,Seong-Hwa Jun,Jin-Sik Han,Dong-Jin Lee 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.1

In the automobile industry, the service life of gaskets is defined as the time until which a released gasket recovers 60 % of the original compression. It was observed that the recovery curves of gaskets were highly nonlinear at high temperatures, and relatively nonlinear at temperatures above the room temperature. However, it was also noted that the recovery curves of the gaskets at temperatures below room temperature exhibited linearity with respect to the ln(time). Automotive manufacturers demand gasket life criteria that exceed a specific time or the entire life of a car. In the case of gaskets used at lower temperatures, since materials encounter losses in its flexibility and conformability, the definition of service life specifying a 60 % recovery may not be sufficiently safe to eliminate possible leakages. In this study, new gasket life criteria that could be used at low temperatures were proposed. The new criteria were proposed based on the change in Young’s modulus of the gasket material in order to conserve the sealing capability.

학령전 아동의 정신적 현상에 대한 이해

김영환,이동화 경북대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this investigation was to see whether preschoolers(children of 3, 4, and 5 years of age) understand the fundamental ontological distinction between the internal mental world and objective physical reality. Real physical objects can be distinguished from mental entities on the basis of three criteria. (1) Behavioral-sensory evidence → whether the entity can be seen, touched, and physically acted upon. (2) Public existence→ whether other persons experience the entity. (3) Consistent existence→ whether the entity consistently exists over time. In consistent with previous research findings which tested Western children, the results demonstrated that even 3-year-olds were able to judge real and mental entities appropriately on the basis of the three criteria. The findings are discussed briefly in relation to the Piaget's characterization of young children as realists and recent researches on children's understanding of the mind.

지역사회에서 형성된 사회적 지지와 근로자의 사회심리적 스트레스간의 관련성

임화영,김형수,최영환,장성훈,이건세,정최경희,오원기,최재욱,정춘화 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Objective: This study was performed to examine the relationship between community-based social support and psychosocial distress in workers. Methods: The study subjects were 596 workers recruited from 11 companies in Chungju city. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job characteristics, job stress, work-based social support, community-based social support and level of psychosocial distress. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that workers with no chronic disease, exercise and sufficient sleep had a higher score of psychosocial distress than those with chronic disease, no exercise, and not enough sleep. Coworker's work-based social support and community-based social support were negatively associated with psychosocial distress. The R square value of total independent variables on psychosocial distress was 0.409, and that of community-based social support on psychosocial distress was 0.052. Conclusion: This study showed that community-based social support served as a protective factor against psychosocial distress in some workers. We recommend the establishment of a worksite stress reduction program in occupational level as well as community-based social support.

암환자가 지각한 사회적지지, 희망과 삶의 질과의 관계

태영숙,강은실,이명화,박금자 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2002 전인간호과학학술지 Vol.1 No.-

The Relationship among Percieved Social Support, Hope and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Tae, Young Sook. Kong, Eun Sil. Lee, Myung Hwa. Park, Geum Ja The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among percieved social support, hope and Quality of life of the cancer patients and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. The design of this study was a cross sectional correlational survey. The subjects were 220 out and in-cancer patients in 5 general hospitals in Pusan The data were collected from July 2 to August 1,2001. The instruments were the Percieved social support scale(16 items, 5 point scale) had developed by Tae(1986), Hope scale(12 items, 4point scale) developed by Nowotny(1989) and Quality of life scale(31 items, 10 point scale) developed by Tae et. al(2000). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency & percentage, item mean & standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study was as follows : 1) The item mean score of quality of life was 6.05±1.16 (range 0-10) .The heighest score of subarea of the quality of life was the spiritual wellbeing area (7.09±1.63) and the lowest score was social wellbeing area(5.53±1.65). The mean score of perceived social support was 52.65±10.32 (최고 1, 최저 80). The mean score of family support was32.71±6.66 (range 1- 40) and the mean score of medical team support was 19.93±5.95 (range 1- 40). The mean score of Hope was 37.02±5.64 (range 1-48). 2) There were statistically significant difference in the score of quality of life according to the life effect of religion (F=3.97, p=0.00), treatment method(F=2.94, p=0.01), area of diagnosis (F=3.48, p=0.01), stage of disease (F=13.74, p= 0.00). 3) There was significant correlation between perceived social support(r=0.44, p= 0.000 ; family support: r=0.334, p=0.000, medical support; r=0.395, p=0.000), hope(r=0.563, p= 0.000) and quality of life. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship among perceived social support, hope and quality of life. Therefore perceived social support, hope intervention programs should be developed to improve the quality of life in cancer patients.

유가증권시장 상장기업의 선택적 회계처리에 관한 실태 분석

이병화 ( Lee Byung-hwa ),윤우영 ( Yun Woo-young ),정원일 ( Jung Won-il ) 한국세무회계학회 2017 세무회계연구 Vol.0 No.52

본 연구는 한국거래소 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업의 유형자산과 재고자산의 선택적 회계처리에 관한 실태 분석이다. 유형자산의 평가모형 및 감가상각방법 분석결과 유형자산의 평가모형 중 원가모형을 적용하고 있는 회사는 전체 728개 중 659개(90.5%), 64개(8.8%)가 원가모형과 재평가모형을 함께 적용하고 있다. 재평가모형을 적용하는 유형자산은 대부분 토지로 나타나고 있으며, 재평가모형만을 적용하는 회사는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 유형자산의 감가상각방법 중 정액법을 적용하고 있는 회사는 전체 728개 중 709개(97%), 정액법과 정률법을 함께 적용하는 회사는 11개(1.5%), 정액법과 생산량비례법을 함께 적용하는 회사는 2개, 정률법만 적용하는 회사는 1개 회사로 나타났다. 그리고 3개 회사는 유형자산 계정과목이 없으며, 2개 회사는 감가상각방법에 대한 내용이 주석에 공시되지 않고 있다. 재고자산의 수량결정방법과 가격결정방법을 분석한 결과 재고자산의 수량결정방법으로 계속 기록법과 실지재고조사법을 함께 적용하고 있는 회사는 728개 중 68개(9.3%), 실지재고조사법만 적용하는 회사는 3개, 계속기록법만 적용하는 회사는 1개 회사이다. 나머지 548개(75.3%) 회사는 주석에 수량결정방법을 공시하지 않고 있다. 재고자산의 가격결정방법은 회사들이 기업의 환경에 맞게 재고자산의 유형에 따라 다양하게 적용하고 있으며, 업종의 특성에 따라 금융업과 서비스업 중 지주회사에 해당하는 기업에서는 재고자산 계정과목이 재무상태표에 나타나지 않고 있으며, 유통업에서는 소매재고법(매출가격환원법)을 적용하는 회사가 9개 회사로 나타났다. 유형자산의 경우는 업종 특성에 관계없이 대부분의 회사가 평가모형으로 원가모형, 감가상각방법으로 정액법을 사용하고 있으며, 이와 달리 재고자산의 경우는 기업의 상황과 업종 특성을 반영하여 다양한 가격결정방법을 사용하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. This study is an analysis on the realities on the selective accounting of property, plant and equipment and inventories of listed firms in KOSPI. As a result of analyzing the evaluation model and depreciation method of property, plant and equipment, 659 firms(90.5%) out of the total 728 firms that applied cost model. and 64 firms(8.8%) applied cost model and revaluation model. Most of the property, plant and equipment applying the revaluation model are shown as land, and no firm applies the revaluation model. Among depreciation methods of property, plant and equipment, 706 firms(97%) of the total 728 firms that apply the straight-line method, 11 firms(1.5%) to apply the straight-line method and the fixed percentage method. There are two firms that apply the straight-line method and activity method, one firm that applies only the fixed percentage method. The three firms do not have a property, plant and equipment account and the two firms do not disclose depreciation methods in the footnotes. As a result of analyzing the method of determining the quantity of inventories and the method of determining the price, 68 firms(9.3%) of the 728 firms that applied perpetual inventory system and periodic inventory system. There are three firms that applies only periodic inventory system, and one firm that applies only perpetual inventory system. The remaining 548 firms(75.3%) do not disclose how to determine the amount in the financial statements footnotes. The method of determining the price of inventories varies according to the types of inventories according to the firm`s environment. According to the characteristics of the industry, firms in the financial and service industries that are holding companies do not show inventory account in their financial statements. In the retail industry, six firms apply the retail inventory method.

도시지역 건축물의 석면슬레이트 지붕재료 분포특성 연구

김영찬(Kim Young-Chan),손병훈(Son Byeung-Hun),박화미(Park Wha-Me),홍원화(Hong Won-Hwa) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.1

Asbestos hazards have been studied by many people. Approximately 10% of slate containing asbestos, and asbestos which was imported in the 1970s was used to construct as building materials. The slate company, Asano which is located in Young-san in 1930's becomes the beginning and the slate is coming to be used until recently. Since 1960 in the aftermath of the Korea Saemaul Movement it was greatly expanded slate industry. Slate containing Asbestos and the surface is likely to drift over time, the government managed the comprehensive plan of 2010 Asbestos slate farmhouse in the National Survey on the usage of the progress and improve farmers slate roof construction. Non-conventional evaluation of the slate there is no index, especially in the concentration of urban population exposure to asbestos is a wide but a range of survey data on an unprecedented situation is urgent so long-term management measures are urgently needed. In this study, slate intergovernmental basic data for comprehensive measures proposed.