식품 기준·규격의 합리적 관리 ·운영에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 두부,식용유지, 전분의 분말상 원료에 관하여 Powdered marerials of Tofu, Edible oil, Starch

김희연,홍진환,박혜경,한상배,박종석,이은주,이정성,송경희,최은희,최영준,소경아,성영제,이주엽 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 분말상 원료(전분, 대두분)의 저장유통시 품질변화를 건전성과 안전성 측면에서 검토하여 식품의 기준 ·규격 설정f.」 합지적으로 반영하고자 하였다. 전분과 패두분의 이물을 검사하고, 2종 대두분(중국산, 미국산)을 ?0일간 IS'c와 30t에 저장하면서 성상, 수분, 산가, 과산화물가, 지방산 조성,아플라톡신 BB의 생성여부를 분석하였다. 중국산 대두분 30'』 저장군에서 50일 이후 곰팡이가 발생한 것 이외에 모든 시료에서 양호한 성상을 나타내었고, 전분과 대두닥 모든 시료에서 이물은 검출되지 않았다. 산가는 중국산과 미국산 시료간에 편차를 보여 증국산 30"C, 50일 저장시료에서 약 10배끙도 증가하였고, 과산화물가는 저장 90일후 15'E 저장군은 약 2.3배, 30'c 저장군은 3배정도 증가하였다. 대두분의 주요 지방산은 linoleic acidf18. 2), oleic acid(18 : 1), palmitic acid(16 : 0)이었으며, 3개월 저장에 따른 지방산 함량의 변화는 미미하였다. 아플라톡신 B₁은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. The objective of this study was to investigate auality changes of type raw materials(starch, soy flour) during various storage conditions. Starchflour(source of China, U.S.A) were slfred under two temperature(15'C, 30'c) forSensory evaluation, (o.reign material test, moisture content, acid value, peroxide ualue,composition, aflatorin Bi were analyzed. China soy flour(stor·ed 30'f) was contaminated by fungj on 50 days. Except for soy flour contardnated by fungi, sensory characteristics were not changed and foreign mater;als were notdetected. Acid value of China soy flour(stored at 30'C, 90 days) was about 10 times higherlevel before storage and acid value was more influenced by source(China, USA). Peroxide valuewas in proportion with the storage period slightly. The major fatty acid of soy flour waslinoleic acid(18 . 2), an(3 the change of fatty acid composition was not observed. Aflatoxlrl Blwas not detected.

Helicobacter pylori의 생육과 각종 유기산의 식품 보존료로서의 효과

송재철,조은경,박현정,신완철,최석영 울산대학교 2002 생활과학논문집 Vol.3 No.2

Helicobacter pylori의 생육과 각종 유기산의 식품보존료로서의 효과를 검토하였다. 우선 보존료로 현재 식품첨가물로 사용되고 있는 소르빈산(sorbic acid), 프로피온산(propionic), 안식향산(benzoic acid) 등의 H. pylori에 대한 항균능력을 검토한 결과 소르빈산, 프로피온산, 안식향산의 H. pylori에 대한 항균효과가 관찰되었으며 안식향산은 소르빈산이나 프로피온산과 비교했을 때는 별로 큰 효과를 나타내지 못하였다. 보존료의 조합에 대한 H. pylori의 생육억제효과는 0.5% 소르빈산과 0.5% 프로피온산을 조합하는 경우 나타났으며 다른 조합군과 비교할 때 큰 차이를 나타내지 못하였다. 유기산과 H. pylori의 생육관계에서는 단독 첨가시에는 항균력이 크게 나타나지 않고 조합하는 경우에만 좋은 항균력을 나타내었다. 유기산, 보존료와 H. pylori 생육관계는 유기산류는 어떤 보존료와 혼합하여도 항균력에 상승효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 구연산의 경우 소르빈산과 조합한 경우에는 H. pylori생육이 많이 억제되었으며 그 다음이 구연산+안식향산, 구연산+프로피온산 순으로 균에 대한 항균력이 감소되었다. 또 사과산과 숙실산은 구연산과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various organic acids as food preservatives on the growth of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylor). The antimicrobial effects of sorbic acid, propionic acid and benzoic acid currently used as food preservatives were examined in light of the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Each of them was observed to have positive antimicrobial effect on Helicobacter pylori. However, benzoic acid wasn't higher than sorbic acid and propionic acid in antimicrobial effect. As for the combination of preservatives, antimicrobial activity of H. pylori was shown in the combination of sorbic acid(0.5%) and propionic acid(0.5%). However, its effect was not significantly different in comparison with other combinations. In the relationship of organic acids and H. pylori's growth, organic acid had no effect on antimicrobial activity when it was used alone, whereas antimicrobial effect was shown to be better in case of combination. If intermix of organic acids and preservatives and addition to the medium for suppression of H. pylori growth were achieved, organic acid exhibited synergistic effect on suppression of H. pylori's growth, even in combination of any other preservatives. In particular, in combination of citric acid and sorbic acid, the growth of H. pylori was shown to be remarkable suppression. And the effectiveness on suppression of H. pylori's growth was lowered in order of citric acid + bezoic acid and citric acid + propionic. acid. It was also found that the antimicrobial effects of malic acid and succinic acid were similar to those of citric acid.

Helicobacter pylori의 생육에 영향을 미치는 성분과 식품첨가물에 관한 연구

송재철,정혜진,박현정,조은경,신완철 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.5

본 연구에서는 일반적으로 섭취하고 있는 식품재료나 음식 중에 공통적으로 함유한 성분 또는 가공중에 많이 첨가되는 성분을 선정하여 이들이 Helicobacter pylori 생육에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 검토하였다. 첫째, 일반식품의 주요 성분인 탄소원, 질소원, 무기질을 대상으로 Helicobacter pylori 생육에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 식품성분 중 탄소원의 종류에 따라 균일 생육활성은 다르게 나타났다. 우선 단당류가 이당류나 다당류에 비교하여 생육을 촉진하였고 특히 단당류 중 포도당은 가장 균의 생육에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 만노오스는 균의 생육을 오히려 억제시키는 것으로 나타났다. 당알코올류인 솔비톨, 만니톨, 말티톨, 크리시톨 등은 균의 생육에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 질소원과 Helicobacter pylori의 생육과의 관계는 평소 식생활에서 많이 섭취된다고 생각되는 일반 음식에 많이 함유되어 있는 유기형 아미노산 성분고 무기형 질소화합물을 대상으로 균의 생육 정도를 비교하였다. 리신, 메티오닌, 시스테인, 트립토판 등은 균의 생육을 촉진하고 아르기닌, 황산암모늄, 염화암모늄 등은 균의 생육에 도움이 되지 않고 암노니아, 요소등은 균의 생육에 도움이 되지 않고 암모니아, 요소 등은 균의 생육에 조금 영향을 미침을 관찰할 수 있었다. 특히 리신과 메티오닌은 가장 균의 생육에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 무기염류의 영향에서는 황산마그네슘, KH-2PO_4, 염화마그네슘 등은 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였고 황산철, 염화제일철, 염화제이철은 생육을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 식품첨가물의 Helicobacter pylori의 생육 정도를 검토한 것으로, 그 다음이 질화나트륨, 염화나트륨 순이었으며 토코페롤은 전혀 생육에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. The purpose of this study was to choose principal food components contained in diet foods and food additives used for manufacturing processed foods, and elucidate their in vivo effects on the growth pattern of Helicobacter pylori. To do this, the antibacterial effects of various sources of carbon, nitrogen and mineral as an effect agent on Helicobacter pylori were first assessed based upon bacterial growth degree. Results show that the source of carbon tested had different effects on bacterial growth of Helicobacter pylori. It was revealed that a promotional effect of monosaccharides resulted in enhanced growth of Helicobacter pylori compared with disaccharides and polysaccharides. In particular, glucose was observed to be most effective in growth of Helicobacter pylori among monosaccharides tested, whereas mannose to hinder the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Polyols such as sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol and xylitol was, however, observed to show no promotion or suppression effect on growth of Helicobacter pylori. Apart from these, the sources of amino acid and inorganic nitrogen were chosen and tested to assess the promotion or suppression effect of nitrogen sources on growth of Helicobacter pylori. It was found that amino acid such as lysine showed its promotion effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori, while arginine, (NH_1)_2SO_4 and NH_4Cl showed no effect on its growth. Ammonia and urea were, however, observed to have a positive effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Among these effect agents, lysine and methionine were revealed to show the most positive effect on growth of Helicobacter pylori. Minerals such as MgSO_4, KH_2PO_4, and MgCl_2 appeared to exert their positive growth effects, whereas CaCl_2, and CaSO_4 had a little effect. In addition FeSO_4, FeCl_2, and FeCl_3 brought suppression on the growth of Helicobacter Pylori. In studies of the growth of Helicobacter pylori by food additives, ascorbic acid showed extreme suppression on its growth. Sodium nitrate and sodium chloride were also found to be of negative effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori in order of degree, whereas tocopherol had nothing to do with microbial growth.

소리내어 읽어주기 활동이 아동의 언어 이해력에 미치는 영향

송은경,이성은 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 소리내어 읽어주기 활동이 초등학교 중학년 아동의 언어이해력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 초등학교 3학년 두 학급을 선정하여 한 학급은 실험 집단으로 소리내어 읽어주기 활동을 적용한 국어 학습을 실시하였고, 또 다른 학급은 비교 집단으로 교사가 소리내어 책을 읽어주는 대신 아동 스스로 묵독을 통한 국어 학습을 8주 동안 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 소리내어 읽어주기 활동을 적용한 실험집단의 언어 이해력(듣기·읽기 이해력)이 비교집단보다 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보여 소리내어 읽어주기 활동을 적용한 국어 학습이 아동의 언어이해력 증진에 긍정적인 변화들을 가져왔음을 알고 있다. 후속 연구로는 고학년의 아동들을 대상으로 소리내어 읽어주기 활용 방안을 개발하고 그에 따른 학습의 효과를 다양한 측면에서 검증할 수 있는 평가 방안에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지도록 제언하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reading aloud on the language comprehension-listening and reading- with elementary school students(3rd graders). For this purpose, subjects were chosen; 2 classes of 3rd grade in S elementary school, Dobong-gu in Seoul. Pre and test was developed to evaluate the ability of the language comprehension based on the 3rd grade Korean curriculum. The experimental group studies for 8 weeks 16 period by using Reading Aloud, the comparative group studied by using silent reading. As a result, these results pointed out that reading aloud help elementary school students(especially, 3rd grades) to improve their listening and reading comprehension. This means that Reading Aloud can be a good method for teaching the students that has poor in perceiving letters, as well as attaining comprehension<.001). In listening comprehension, the achievement of the experimental group shows significant difference from the comparative group. In conclusion, this study suggested that necessary to provide many literary works and to support and develop lots of reading aloud methods for enhancing comprehensibility.

비만을 동반한 위암 환자에서 두 병을 같이 수술 치료한 경험(증례)

최경현,윤기영,문형환,신연명,서경원,안수미,송윤미,석정희,정경연,이은하 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.3

Obesity is growing problem in Korea. We had a case of bariatric surgery during gastric cancer operation. Patient was 29 year old Korean lady with early gastric cancer located in the lesser curvature side of the middle 1/3 of the stomach. Her body weight was 89 kg, height 163 cm, and thus body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2. Preoperative blood pressure was 130/90 mmHg, hemoglobin 12.9 g/dL, total lymphocyte count 3,280/mL, serum albumin 4.3 g/dL, CEA 1.1 ng/mL, CA 19-9 9.1 ng/mL, and alpha fetoprotein 2 ng/mL. Another associated disease was right thyroid follicular neoplasm. The chest X-ray was normal. After IM injection of 2,500 units of heparin 30 minutes before the induction of general anesthesia, she received curative subtotal gastrectomy and Roux en Y gastrojejunostomy when a malabsorption loop of 120 cm jejunum was incorporated between the Treitz ligament and the end to side jejuno-jejunostmy site at May 29th 2006. Her postoperative course was uneventful except a minor wound seroma and the elevations of serum amylase(up to 4 folds) and lipase(up to 2 folds). She lost her body weight 9 kg in 5th, 21 kg in 7th, and 27 kg in 10th postoperative months to became 61.5 kg. On follow up exams in July 2008, she gained 4 kg to overcome her weakness and fatigue. From the above result, the incorporation of a malabsorption loop during reconstruction phase of gastric cancer operation was a good option for obese gastric cancer patients especially in cases of early gastric cancer.

창원지역 일부 초등학교 고학년 학생의 전통발효식품에 대한 기호도와 영양지식 조사연구

송양순,허은실,이경화 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate Food Preference and Nutritional Knowledge for Traditional Fermented foods that was basic data to develope nutrition education program and to increase consumption of traditional fermented foods. The questionnaires have been collected from 229 fourth, fifth and sixth grade students of one elementary in Changwon. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 70.1% of students answered that they like ganjang, and that was higher in male compared to female(p<0.05). 82.2% of students answered that they like kochujang, and the hot taste of the kochujang was main reason of their like of kochujang and it was the most important reason for those also dislike of kochujang. 57.4% of students like deonjang, and that was higher in male than female same as ganjang(p<0.05). The reason for favorite deonjang was 'superior taste', 'great nutrient' and 'frequent consumption', and that was significantly defferent between gender. 84.2% of students answered that they like kimchi. The main reason for favorite kimchi was same as that of deonjang, and that dislike kimchi was 'hot taste' and 'inferior taste'. The student's most favorite food cooked with kimchi were stir fried kimchi rice and kimchi stew. The Student wanted taste of kimchi which was mild hot, hot and mild sweet, 85.6% of students prefer sikhe. The main reason for like sikhe was 'superior taste' and that dislike sikhe was 'inferior taste'. Most parents used to traditional fermented foods in meal preparation. The mean of nutrition knowledge was 6.03, and that was not significantly defferent between gender. Consequently these date suggest that education program to increase of nutrition knowledge and consumption of traditional fermented food is required for elementary school students.

귀출파징탕藥鍼의 抗血栓, 抗炎症, 鎭通 및 抗酸化效果

宋炳基,李京燮,宋銀姬 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1999 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.22 No.1

This study was projected to investigate the effects of Kwuichulpajing-tang aqua-acupuncture solution manufactured by water-alcohol method. In vivo, to observe the anticoagulative, antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of Kwuichulpajing-tang aqua-acupuncture at Kwanwon(CV4), the experimental animals were divided into a normal, control and two experimental groups. Each of them had 6 animals. As the normal group was untreated, the control group was injected with normal saline(0.1㎖/100g) at Kwanwon(CV4) s.c., and then injected with induction medicine. One of the experimental groups (Sample I group) was injected with 25.0 ㎎/㎖ Kwuichulpajing-tang aqua-acupuncture solution(0.1㎖/100g) at Kwanwon (CV4) s.c., and then injected with induction medicine. The other experimental group(SampleⅡgroup) was injected with 50.0 ㎎/㎖ Kwuichulpajing-tang aqua-acupuncture solution (0.1㎖/100g) at Kwanwon(CV4) s.c., and then injected with induction medicine. The results of the experimental groups were compared with that of the control group. In vitro, the effects of Kwuichulpajing-tang aqua-acupuncture solution on hyaluronidase activity, hydrolysis of casein by trypsin, heat-induced hemolysis and the antioxidative effect were observed. The results were as follows : 1. The effects of Kwuichulpajing-tang aqua-acupuncture at Kwanwon on the intravascular coagulation in rats induced by endotoxin(0.5㎎/㎏) i.v. were that the blood platelet and white blood cell counts were significantly increased in both experimental groups. the blood fibrinogen content was significantly increased in SampleⅡgroup and the prothrombin, the activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin times were significantly shortened in both experimental groups. 2. The carrageenin-induced mice paw edema was significantly decreased in both experimental groups. 3. The histamine-induced mice paw edema was significantly decreased in both experimental groups. 4. The histamine-induced vascular permeability was significantly decreased in SampleⅡgroup. 5. The writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was significantly decreased in SampleⅡgroup. 6. The response time of mice on 70℃ heat plate was significantly prolonged in SampleⅡgroup. 7. The hypnotic duration induced by pentobarbital-Na was significantly increased in both experimental groups. 8. Kwuichulpajing-tang aqua-acupuncture solution had antioxidative effect and inhibited hyaluronidase activity, trypsin activity on hydrolysis of casein and heat-induced hemolysis in vitro.

K대학 여대생을 대상으로 한 치아우식활성검사 비교조사 연구

최은미,송윤신,장희경,최정이 경복대학 2002 京福論叢 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 치아우식증 발생요인 중 타액요인을 집중적으로 분석하고자 타액분비율, 타액점조도, 타액완충능, 스나이더, 구강내 포도당잔류검사를 조사하였으며, 특히 20내 남성의 치아우식증 발생요인에 대한 연구자료와 타액분비율과 타액내 pH 변화에 대한 조사 및 스나이더검사 간의 임상적 비교 조사 등의 연구를 통하여 자료를 비교 분석할 수 있었다. 또한 구강내 포도당잔류검사를 조사한 결과 등 수종의 실험연구의 경험적 연구 결과를 가지고, 한국의 여대생들과 상호관계를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 조사대상은 여대생 160명을 대상으로 하였으며, 수집된 자료는 빈도, 백분율 분석으로 유의성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 전체 조사대상자의 우식치아 수는 평균 3.23개로 조사되었고, 발거치아는 0.22개로 조사되었으며, 충전치아는 5.06개로 나타났다. 2. 전체 조사대상자의 평균 영구치 우식경험치아는 8.52개로 조사되었고, 평균 완충능력은 10.54로 나타났다. 3. 구강내 포도당잔류시간을 측정한 결과 평균 12.36 분으로 조사되었다. 4. 스나이더 검사방법 결과 조사대상자의 평균 치아우식활성 정도는 35.43 시간으로 판정기준에 의하여 중등도 활성으로 나타났다. 5. 자극성 타액분비량 및 타액점조도와 진행중인 치아우식증 보유집단과 집단간의 비교에서는 차이가 있음을 볼 수 있었다(P<0.01). 6. 비자극성 타액분비량, 자극성 타액분비량 및 구강내 포도당잔류시간 측정검사와 치아우식활성집단간에는 유의한 수준으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 7. 타액점조도에서도 치아우식활성집단간에는 유의한 수준으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 이와 같은 절과를 볼 때, 향후 연구논제에 세계보건기구(WHO)에서 기초조사로 조사되는 연령군인 12세 아동의 치아우식증과 치아우식활성과의 관계를 규명하고자 하는 노력이 있다면 치아우식증 발생요인을 구체적으로 제시할 수 있으리라 사료된다. This study was performed to investigate saliva flow rate, saliva buffer capacity, snyder test, glucose residuum test in the oral cavity in order to analyze 'saliva factor' intensively among the causing factor of dental caries. Especially through study data on causing factor of dental caries in male twenties, examination on pH changing rate in the saliva and saliva flow rate, clinical comparative study between Snyder tests, we have made a comparative analysis. Also, based on many kinds of exparimental study results from examination on glucose residuum test in the oral cavity, etc, we have intention to analyze comparatively interactive relationship of korean female college students. The subject of this study is 160 female college students, and we verified the confidence of our study data by the frequency, centesimal analysis. The results were as follows ; 1. Among the total subjects, the average of caries teeth were 3.23, extracted teeth 0.22, filling teeth 5.06. 2. Among the total subjects, the average of permanent teeth with experience of dental caries were 8.52, average buffering capacity 10.54. 3. The average minutes of glucose residual time in the oral cavity were examined 12.36 minutes. 4. On the result of Snyder examination method, the average activative degrees of dental caries were 35.43 hours rated medium level by the standard of decision. 5. There are some differencies between stimulative saliva flow, saliva adherence degree and the group of dental caries in progress. 6. There are significant results between non-stimulative saliva secretion, stimulative saliva flow, glucose remaining time test in the oral cavity and the group of dental caries in activation. 7. There are significant results between groups of dental caries in activation about saliva adherence degree. According to the results, if there is any effort in the future study theme to investigate the relationship between 12 year-old children's dental caries whose age WHO has made a basic surveying subject and activation of dental canes, we can present the causing factor of dental caries concretely.

심근 허혈-재관류 백서 모델에서 mitogen-activated protein kinase 활성화에 대한 α-lipoic acid의 효과

김연경,박은미,최준호,윤경호,유남진,이은미,김남호,정진원,김민선,박병림,오석규 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2006 圓光醫科學 Vol.21 No.1

청소년의 스마트폰 중독과 우울 및 불안과의 관계

김경은,김필송,민주연,박수경,신서인,이지은,정해인,조호정,최정원,최정인 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the degree of smart phone addiction among adolescents and their depression and anxiety levels. Method: In this study, 379 high school students were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments used for this study were smart phone addiction measure, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for smart phone addiction was 40.45±17.27, depression was 36.56±9.58, state anxiety was 44.00±9.61, and trait anxiety was 45.70±9.75. There were significant differences between the degree of smart phone addiction and the following variables: gender (t=-4.953, p<.001), hours of smart phone use per day (F=12.259, p<.001), types of frequently used features (F=3.485, p=.008), and satisfaction level for smart phone (F=5.18, p<.001). There were statistically significant relationships (p<.001) among degree of smart phone addiction, depression level, and state and trait anxiety levels. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that there was a significant relationship between smart phone addiction and mental health, specifically, depression and anxiety among adolescents. Further research is needed to develop nursing strategies to provide care for adolescents who frequently utilize smart phones.