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Development of Carrot Medium Suitable for Conidia Production of Venturia nashicola
Choi, Eu Ddeum,Kim, Gyoung Hee,Lee, Young Sun,Jung, Jae Sung,Song, Jang Hoon,Koh, Young Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2017 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.33 No.1
The causal fungus of pear scab, Venturia nashicola, grows slowly and rarely produces conidia on artificial media in the laboratory, but it produced conidia on the Cheongah medium containing Cheongah powder. V. nashicola grew too slow to produce conidia until 15 days after cultivation but produced conidia with $4{\time}10^4$ conidia/plate 30 days after cultivation on the Cheongah medium containing 1% Cheongah powder. V. nashicola showed a peak production of conidia with $4.5{\times}10^5$ conidia/plate 60 days after cultivation on the carrot medium containing 2% carrot powder, one of the constituents of Cheongah powder. The carrot medium is considered to be the best medium to obtain conidia of V. nashicola in the laboratory until now. This is the first report on the development of a suitable medium for conidia production of V. nashicola, as far as we know.
Genetic Diversity of the Pear Scab Fungus Venturia nashicola in Korea
( Eu Ddeum Choi ),( Gyoung Hee Kim ),( Sook-young Park ),( Jang Hoon Song ),( Young Sun Lee ),( Jae Sung Jung ),( Young Jin Koh ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.1
Scab disease caused by Venturia nashicola is of agroeconomic importance in cultivation of Asian pear. However, little is known about the degree of genetic diversity in the populations of this pathogen. In this study, we collected 55 isolates from pear scab lesions in 13 major cultivation areas in Korea and examined the diversity using sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, b-tubulin (TUB2), and translation elongation factor-1a (TEF-1a) genes as molecular markers. Despite a low level of overall sequence variation, we found three distinctive subgroups from phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, TUB2, and TEF-1a sequences. Among the three subgroups, subgroup 1 (60% of isolates collected) was predominant compared to subgroup 2 (23.6%) or subgroup 3 (16.4%) and was distributed throughout Korea. To understand the genetic diversity among the subgroups, RAPD analysis was performed. The isolates yielded highly diverse amplicon patterns and none of the defined subgroups within the dendrogram were supported by bootstrap values greater than 30%. Moreover, there is no significant correlation between the geographical distribution and the subgroups defined by molecular phylogeny. Our data suggest a low level of genetic diversification among the populations of V. nashicola in Korea.
Biological Management of White Root Rot in Pear Orchards
Shailesh Sawant,Eu Ddeum Choi,Janghoon Song,Ho-Jin Seo 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10
The current need for eco-friendly approaches for farming, while ensuring the health and productivity of crops is increasing rapidly. Research on the biological control of white root rot disease caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix is limited in pears compared to that in apple and avocado. The severity of the disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix makes it the most harmful fungal pathogen infecting the economical fruit tree species and is one of the main limiting factors in pear farming. To control this disease growers have to depend on chemical treatments. However, rising public concern about environmental pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals in humans and animals has facilitated the search for novel and environmentally friendly disease control methods. Most of the biocontrol agents have been tested in other plant system along with that most of the studies have been focused in vitro or in confined greenhouse experiments, and verification of their potentials under field conditions is still remains an another question. Soil solarization fulfills the requirements for successful control of a soilborne pathogen in existing orchard as: there is no damage to trees, the inoculum is controlled to a considerable depth and delayed soil reinfestation. Hot water treatment can be used in established orchard or to disinfect plant material used for propagation and to kill the pathogen within the rhizosphere. Weeds on the floors of pear may serve as reservoirs to alternative hosts for pathogens and their vectors.
Production and Important Pests of Pear in India
Shailesh Sawant,Eu Ddeum Choi,Janghoon Song,Ho-Jin Seo 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10
Pear is one of the most important commercial crops of India and is grown in different parts of the country. India is one of the main pear producers in the world, and its cultivation area is almost doubled in the last 20 years. Pear cultivation in India is mainly occurred from foothills to high hills experiences about five hundred to thousand five hundred chilling hours throughout the year. The pear is mainly grown in northern states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, and in south India Tamilnadu state. The north-eastern hills region, comprising of the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya, and Sikkim also grows on a limited scale. Overall northwestern and eastern hills part of India provide a favorable climatic condition for growing a wide range of pears and their cultivation. India import different variety of pears from 14 countries around the word. India primarily imports green and red-skinned Anjou pears varieties from the United States with Green Anjou the favored variety. However, the production of pear in India remained challenging may be due to the attack of pests and disease incidence. The important insect and mite pest of Indian pear orchards are codling moth, pear psylla, mites, and borers.
An Alternative Method to Evaluate Resistance to Pear Scab (Venturia nashicola)
Kyungho Won,Eu Ddeum Choi,Keumsun Kim,Hae Won Jung,Il Sheob Shin,Seongsig Hong,Cécile Segonzac,Young Jin Kim 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.2
Two pear cultivars with different degrees of resistance to Venturia nashicola were evaluated on the basis of a disease severity rating for pear scab resistance under controlled environmental condition. Two inoculation techniques were tested: the procedure for inoculation by dropping conidia suspension of V. nashicola; the procedure by deposition of agar plug on the abaxial surface of pear leaves. All tested cultivars resulted in blight symptoms on the inoculated leaves and became spread to uninoculated region or other leaves. Although both methods provide satisfactory infection of V. nashicola on pear leaves, the mycelial plug method of inoculation was more reliable than the spray inoculation method for the evaluation of pear scab disease resistance. The incubation period of V. nashicola in the resistant pear cultivar, Greensis was longer than that in the susceptible cultivar, Hwasan.
김경희,김광형,손경인,Eu Ddeum Choi,이영순,정재성,고영진 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.6
A bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae(Psa), is a causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial cankerworldwide. Psa biovar 3 (Psa3) was first detectedin 2011 at an orchard in Dodeok-myeon, Goheunggun,Jeonnam Province in Korea. In this study, wepresentthe results of an epidemiological study regardingPsa3 occurrence on kiwifruit orchards in Koreafor the period of 2013 to 2015. Since the first detectionof Psa3 in 2011, there was no further case reported by2013. However, Psa3 was rapidly spreading to 33 orchardsin 2014; except for three orchards in Sacheonsi,Gyeongnam Province, most cases were reportedin Jeju Island. Entering 2015, bacterial canker byPsa3 became a pandemic in Korea, spreading to 72orchards in Jeju Island, Jeonnam, and GyeongnamProvinces. Our epidemiological study indicated thatthe first Psa3 incidence in 2011 might result from anintroductionof Psa3 through imported seedlings fromChina in 2006. Apart from this, it was estimated thatmost Psa3 outbreaks from 2014 to 2015 were causedby pollens imported from New Zealand and China forartificialpollination. Most kiwifruit cultivars growingin Korea were infected with Psa3; yellow-fleshedcultivars (Yellow-king, Hort16A, Enza-gold, Zecygold,and Haegeum), red-fleshed cultivars (Hongyangand Enza-Red), green-fleshed cultivars (Haywardand Daeheung), and even a kiwiberry (Skinny-green). However, susceptibility to canker differed among cultivars;yellow- and red-fleshed cultivars showed muchmore severe symptoms compared to the green-fleshedcultivars of kiwifruit and a kiwiberry.