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MIN 모듈을 갖는 Hidden Markov Model의 학습 방법에 관한 연구
김대극,이정주,정호균,이상희 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2001 정보통신논문지 Vol.5 No.-
In this paper, we propose the HMM with the MIN module. Because initial and re-estimated variance vectors are important elements for performance in HMM recognition systems, we propose a method which compensates for the mismatched statistical feature of training and test data. The MIN module is an element of the generalized learning vector quantization (GLVQ) network, which generalizes learning conditions of LVQ and minimizes errors of the cost function given to generate optimized reference vectors. The proposed hybrid HMM/MIN module is a unified network in which the observation probability in the HMM is replaced by the MIN module neural network. Two kinds of experiments were performed to compare the performance of the proposed HMM and the conventional HMM.
전사 인쇄에 의한 3D와 다층의 Pt 전극의 CO가스 흡착
정윤서 ( Yoon-seo Jeong ),최유정 ( You-jeong Choi ),신정희 ( Jeong-hee Shin ),정영훈 ( Young-hun Jeong ),박종후 ( Jong-hoo Paik ),윤대호 ( Dae-ho Yoon ),조정호 ( Jeong-ho Cho ) 한국센서학회 2020 센서학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Three-dimensional (3D) multilayered Pt electrodes were fabricated to develop a porous electrode using a pattern-transfer printing process. The Pt thin films were deposited using a transferred sputtering pattern having a 250 nm line width on the substrate, and the uniform line patterns were efficiently transferred using our proposed method. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) analyses were used to evaluate the porosity of the electrodes. It was possible to distinguish between two resolved maxima at 168 and 227 ℃, which could be described in terms of desorption reactions on the Pt (111) planes. The results of the TPD analysis of the 3D and multilayered Pt electrodes prepared through transfer printing were compared to those of an electrode fabricated through screen printing using a commercial Pt-carbon paste commonly used as porous electrodes. It was confirmed that the 3D multilayered electrodes exhibited a desorption concentration approximately 100 times higher than that of the Pt-carbon composite electrode, and the desorption concentration increased by approximately 0.02 mg/mol per layer. The 3D multilayered electrode effectively functions as a porous electrode and a catalyst.
CD21-independent Epstein-Barr virus entry into NK cells
Lee, Jeong Hoo,Choi, Jahyang,Ahn, Yong-Oon,Kim, Tae Min,Heo, Dae Seog Elsevier 2018 Cellular immunology Vol.327 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is an aggressive malignant disease that is associated with Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) infection. To date, the mechanism of viral entry into NK cells remains uncertain. Here, we investigated this mechanism using human NK cells <I>in vitro</I>. CD21 mRNA expression, an EBV-entry receptor, was transiently detected in NK cells after exosome treatment, and levels decreased after further culture. CD21 protein expression was also transiently transferred to NK cells after co-culture with an EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma cell line (Raji) via trogocytosis. However, EBV did not infect NK cells through CD21-mediated trogocytosis. Unexpectedly, when NK cell leukemia cells, as well as primary NK cells, were treated with viral supernatant, EBV genes, but not RNA, were detected in the NK cells, at latency stage 0. Therefore, these results suggest that EBV-NK cell infection results from the direct transfer of viral episomes, independent of EBV-positive B cells.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Transfer of EBV RNA in exosomes from the EBV-infected B cells to NK cells is transient. </LI> <LI> Trogocytosis of CD21, an entry receptor for EBV is not an NK infection mechanism. </LI> <LI> EBV viral episomes can be transferred into NK cells, without EBV-positive B cells. </LI> </UL> </P>
Magnesium sulfate 와 Ritodrine hydrochloride의 조기진통 억제효과 및 안정성에 대한 비교연구
박후철(Hoo Chul Park),왕중서(Joong Seo Wang),최은주(Eun Ju Choi),정지영(Ji Young Jeong),이동규(Dong Gyu Lee),박정석(Jeong Seok Park),강상대(Sang Dae Kang) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.10
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride in the management of preterm labor. Methods: This study was undertaken to assess the clinical efficacy & safety of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride on 120 patients admitted with preterm labor from Jul. 1, 1996 to Dec. 31, 1998. Results: 1. The incidence of preterm labor was showed 6.0∼7.7% of total number of delivery. 2. The risk factors of the preterm labor were premature rupture of membrane, severe preeclampsia, previous preterm delivery, twin pregnancy, placenta previa, fetal anomaly, incompetent cervix, placental abruption, and uterine myoma in order, but 28.6% of preterm labor had no apparent risk factors. 3. The days gained in uterus was not statistically different between the magnesium sulfate group and the ritodrine group (p<0.05) but longer in the two groups than the control group. And the delivery time was also not statistically different between the magnesium sulfate group and the ritodrine group (p<0.01) but significantly increased in the two groups than the control group. 4. The rate of complete and incomplete success was similar as 12.5% and 35% (total success rate 47.5%) in the magnesium sulfate group, 7.5% and 45% (total success rate 52.5%) in the ritodrine group but only 2.5% and 27.5% (total success rate 30%) was showed in the control group. 5. The side effects were much more in the ritodrine group than the magnesium sulfate group. The patients requiring second-line therapy were similar in the both groups but the main cause was uncontrolled uterine contraction in the magnesium sulfate group, and intolerable side effects in the ritodrine group. 6. The pulse rate was not statistically different in magnesium sulfate group but markedly increased in ritodrine group (p<0.05). After managements of preterm labor, the serum potassium and ionized calcium level was significantly decreased in the two groups (p<0.05, p<0.01). Conclusion: There was not significantly different efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate and ritodrine hydrochloride in the management of preterm labor.