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발작성 상실성 빈맥 환자의 응급실 내 치료 결과 및 재발 인자에 관한 분석
전병조,문정미,위준선,정경운,김현창,정승태,허탁,민용일 대한응급의학회 2002 대한응급의학회지 Vol.13 No.4
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the factors predicting recurrence and the characteristics of patients who recurred after the treatment of spontaneous paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) with adenosine. Methods: From January 1999 to December 2001, 62 patients with PSVT were enrolled in this study. The conversion group included patients who had had a therapeutic response, which was defined as the occurrence of a change in the sinus rhythm after adenosine administration. The recurred group consisted of all patients who had not had a therapeutic response. Clinical features, the results of treatment, ECG findings, and the hemodynamic statuses were analyzed. Results: The treatments were vagal maneuver (5 pts, 7.5%), adenosine 6 ㎎ (37 pts, 55.2%), adenosine 12 ㎎ (14 pts, 20.9%), verapamil 5 ㎎ (9 pts, 13.4%), and cardioversion (2 pts, 3.0%). Twenty-five of the 62 patients failed to have a therapeutic response, yielding a recurrence rate of 40.3%. Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) was more prevalent in the recurred group. The most common symptom at presentation was chest pain. The recurred group had increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure. When patients were monitered after adenosine, unifocal premature ventricular complex was the most common rhythm encountered in the conversion group, but atrial fibrillation, and multifocal premature ventricular complex was the most common rhythm encountered. Conclusion: Age, heart rate, difference in systolic blood pressure from presentation to discharge, previous history of heart disease, and rhythms encountered after adenosine administration ere factors predicting recurrence.
Lee, Byeong Ryong,Goo, Ji Soo,Kim, Yong Woon,You, Young-Jun,Kim, Hyeok,Lee, Sang-Kwon,Shim, Jae Won,Kim, Tae Geun Elsevier Sequoia 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the indoor performance of flexible organic photovoltaic devices utilizing quasi-amorphous ZnO/Ag/ZnO as the transparent conducting electrode. A ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrode with specific thickness values of 40/9/50 nm provides excellent transparent conducting electrode properties with transmittances up to 92% in the visible region, a sheet resistance of 4.8 Ω/sq, and a root-mean squared surface roughness value of 2.1 nm. In addition, the micro-cavity effect and quasi-amorphous structural properties of the ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrode allow further enhanced light absorption and mechanical stability, respectively. Poly (3-hexylthiophene):indene-C<SUB>60</SUB> bisadduct photoactive layer-based inverted organic photovoltaics with the ZnO/Ag/ZnO (40/9/50 nm) electrode yield an averaged power-conversion efficiency of 12.3% under a light-emitting diode lamp with a luminance of 500 lux, which is 20% greater than the power-conversion efficiency value of the reference organic photovoltaics with an indium tin oxide electrode. Furthermore, the same organic photovoltaics on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates exhibit excellent mechanical stability (i.e., 92% of the initial power-conversion efficiency value is maintained even after 400 bending cycles with a bending radius of 9.55 mm), with averaged power-conversion efficiency values of 10.2% under the 500-lux light-emitting diode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> OPVs with clear and flexible ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes are fabricated. </LI> <LI> Quasi-amorphous ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes provide excellent mechanical flexibility. </LI> <LI> Micro-cavity effects via ZnO/Ag/ZnO enhance light absorption into OPVs. </LI> <LI> ZnO/Ag/ZnO-based OPVs show a 12.3% conversion efficiency under a 500 lux LED. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Lee, Byeong Ryong,Park, Gi Eun,Kim, Yong Woon,Choi, Dong Hoon,Kim, Tae Geun Elsevier 2019 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.235 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Considerable effort has been directed at improving the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics, using oxide/metal/oxide multilayers as transparent electrodes, because of their numerous advantages including lower sheet resistance, higher transmittance, and higher flexibility in comparison to typical indium tin oxides. However, to date, most organic photovoltaics based on oxide/metal/oxide electrodes exhibit a lower conversion efficiency than indium tin oxide-based organic photovoltaics, without any clarification. In this investigation, we identify crucial factors that influence the power conversion efficiency of oxide/metal/oxide-based organic photovoltaics to fully exploit the potential of these devices, based on the correlation between the optical cavity and the transmittance. For this purpose, we fabricate five sets ofinverted organic photovoltaics using poly({4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-<I>b</I>:4,5-<I>b</I>′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-<I>b</I>]thiophenediyl}) and [6,6]-Phenyl C<SUB>71</SUB> butyric acid methyl ester-based active layers and ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes with top ZnO layers of varying thicknesses, with reference organic photovoltaics using indium tin oxides, on both rigid and flexible substrates. The highest power conversion efficiency of 8.71% and 7.53% is obtained from single-junction organic photovoltaics with 40/9/8-nm-thick ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes on each substrate, due to strong micro-cavity effects between the top and bottom Ag layers, despite the relatively low transmittance of the electrode. This result is supported by the relation between the electric-field intensity and the transmittance curves of the ZnO/Ag/ZnO/solution-based ZnO/active bulk optical stacks based on simulation results. Furthermore, flexible organic photovoltaics with the ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes demonstrate much better performance in mechanical bending tests in comparison to the performance of standard indium tin oxide-based organic photovoltaics, and the previously reported oxide/metal/oxide-based organic photovoltaics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Structure for organic photovoltaics with ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes is optimized. </LI> <LI> Crucial factor dictating power conversion efficiency is identified in these devices. </LI> <LI> High power conversion efficiency (8.71%) is achieved from organic photovoltaics. </LI> <LI> Excellent mechanical flexibility is also observed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>We display a crucial factor that dictates the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OMO-based OPVs by investigating the effect of photon fields in the active region and the transmittance of the electrode on the PCE of ZnO/Ag/ZnO-based OPVs with top ZnO layers of varying thicknesses. One of the optimized OPVs exhibit record-high PCE and mechanical flexibility in these devices.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>