http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
강국희,김혜란,고애경,김경민,최선규 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1994 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.1 No.2
We have investigated the distribution of bacteria in kimbab and its materials. The total bactria counts were over 3×10 exp(6)/g(n=30) when the kimbabs were delivered to restaurant and it exceeded the prieliminary legal level 1 × 10 exp(6)/g even though it should be negative for coliforms. In order to look into the cause of bacterial contamination in kimbabs, we examined the content materials of kimbabs. The bacterial counts were founded 10^4-10^8/g for Kim, 10^4-10^8/g for sausage, 10^4-10^6/g for spinach, 10^3-10^7/g for carrot, and 10^3-10^6/g for danmugi, respectively. From these results it could be concluded that the bacterial contamination in Kimbabs are due to kim, spinach, carrot, and sausage. Therefore, so as to reduce the bacterial contamination for kimbab, the sanitary manufacture and storage of kim and the refrigeration of content materials should be went abreast.
Influence of the Duration of Diabetes on the Outcome of a Diabetes Self-Management Education Program
Ko, Seung-Hyun,Park, Sin-Ae,Cho, Jae-Hyoung,Ko, Sun-Hye,Shin, Kyung-Mi,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Song, Ki-Ho,Park, Yong-Moon,Ahn, Yu-Bae Korean Diabetes Association 2012 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.36 No.3
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Diabetes education and lifestyle modification are critical components in controlling blood glucose levels of people with type 2 diabetes. Until now, available data on the effectiveness of education with respect to the duration of diabetes are limited. We investigated whether adherence to lifestyle behavior modification prompted by diabetes education was influenced by the duration of diabetes.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Two hundred and twenty-five people with type 2 diabetes were recruited for an intensive, collaborative, group-based diabetes education program with annual reinforcement. We divided the patients into two groups based on the duration of their diabetes prior to the education program (≤1 year [≤1Y] vs. ≥3 years [≥3Y]). Dietary habits, physical activity, and the frequency of blood glucose self-monitoring were evaluated with a questionnaire prior to education and at the follow-up endpoint.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The mean follow-up period was 32.2 months. The mean hemoglobin A1c (A1C) value was significantly lower in the ≤1Y group. Self-care behaviors, measured by scores for dietary habits (<I>P</I>=0.004) and physical activity (<I>P</I><0.001), were higher at the endpoint in the ≤1Y group than in the ≥3Y group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a longer diabetes duration before education was significantly associated with mean A1C levels greater than or equal to 7.0% (53 mmol/mol).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Diabetes duration influenced the effectiveness of diabetes education on lifestyle behavior modification and glycemic control. More-intense, regular, and sustained reinforcement with encouragement may be required for individuals with longstanding type 2 diabetes.</P>
고영림,윤애선 한국음성과학회 2001 음성과학 Vol.8 No.2
In this paper prosodic characteristics of French language are analysed with a corpus of radio interview. Intonation patterns are interpreted in terms of raising pattern, focal raising pattern and falling pattern. Accentual prominence is classified in two types, rhythmicc accent and focal accent. Focal accent permit to explain the cohesion in a utterance or between two utterances. As a prosodic variable of discourse pauses are described by their form of realization (filled pause, silent pause, hesitation etc), their distribution and their function in utterance.
Ko You Keun,Lee Jong Kwon,Park Hye Kyung,Han Ae Kyung,Mun Sun Kyoung,Park Hye Jeong,Choung Hae Kyoung,Kim Se Mi,Choi Kwang Mo,Lee Nam Yong,Cho Duck,Kim Dae Won,강은숙 대한진단검사의학회 2023 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.43 No.5
Background: Sterility and safety assurance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) products is critical in transplantation. Microbial contamination can lead to product disposal and increases the risk of unsuccessful clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is important to implement and maintain good practice guidelines and regulations for the HSC collection and processing unit in each hospital. We aimed to share our experiences and suggest strategies to improve the quality assurance of HSC processing. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed microbial culture results of 11,743 HSC products processed over a 25-year period (January 1996 to May 2021). Because of reorganization of the HSC management system in 2008, the 25-year period was divided into periods 1 (January 1996 to December 2007) and 2 (January 2008 to May 2021). We reviewed all culture results of the HSC products and stored aliquot samples and collected culture results for peripheral blood and catheter samples. Results: Of the 11,743 products in total, 35 (0.3%) were contaminated by microorganisms, including 19 (0.5%) of 3,861 products during period 1 and 16 (0.2%) of 7,882 products during period 2. Penicillium was the most commonly identified microorganism (15.8%) during period 1 and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most commonly identified (31.3%) during period 2. HSC product contamination occurred most often during HSC collection and processing. Conclusions: The contamination rate decreased significantly during period 2, when the HSC management system was reorganized. Our results imply that handling HSC products by trained personnel and adopting established protocols, including quality assurance programs, aid in decreasing the contamination risk.
무 주요 유전자원의 Ogura세포질 웅성불임성 인자 분포
이선애(Sun-Ae Lee),최우진(Wo-Jeen Choi),유수미(Su Mi Yoo),이수성(Soo-Seong Lee),강정훈(Jung-Hoon Kang),고호철(Ho-Cheol Ko),허윤강(Yoon Gang Hur) 한국원예학회 2008 원예과학기술지 Vol.26 No.3
A primer pair of the orf138 gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility of radish, Raphanus sativus, was constructed according to the sequences of GenBank Accession No. AB055442. The male sterile plants appeared unexpectedly in the selfed generation of Korean wild radishes and a collected local cultivar was detected with these primers. All showed the specific band of Ogura CMS as expected. Thus it was applied moreover to a total of 171 entries consisting of 62 wild radishes collected from 3 main areas in Korea, 31 local cultivars kept in the seed bank of Rural Development Administration, 19 F₁ cultivars distributed by a seed company in Korea, and 59 oriental accessions introduced mainly from China and Russia. On the whole, 62 entries presented the specific band of orf138 gene in the PCR. In detail, no local cultivar presented it, while about 74% of 62 wild radishes showed it. Eleven out of 59 introductions and 5 of 19 Korean F₁ cultivars presented it.