계면활성제를 이용한 디젤오염 토양의 복원

백상열 한양대학교 대학원 2005 국내석사

신체이미지에 따른 피트니스 참여 동기, 운동만족 및 운동지속의 차이분석

백상열 연세대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

본 연구는 피트니스센터 참여자들을 대상으로 신체이미지에 따른 참여 동기와 운동 만족 및 운동지속의 차이를 검증해보고자 하는 목적을 갖고 있다. 본 연구의 측정도구로는 설문지가 사용되었으며 신체이미지, 참여 동기, 운동만족 운동지속, 인구통계학적특성 총 5가지 항목에 걸쳐 총 69개의 문항으로 구성하였다. 연구의 목적에 부합된 결과를 도출하기 위해 서울, 경기지역 피트니스센터의 이용자들을 주요 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 표집방법은 편의표본추출법을 이용하여 표본을 추출하였다. 선정된 연구 대상자 총 420명을 대상으로 설문지를 배부하였다. 배부한 설문지 중 불성실하게 응답하여 본 연구에서 사용할 수 없다고 판단되는 설문지를 18부를 제외하고 최종적으로 402부의 자료를 실제분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 Windows SPSS 21.0을 통하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 독립표본 t-검정, 교차분석, 일원변량분산분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구통계학적 변인에 따른 참여 동기의 차이는 여성이 남성보다 즐거움요인이, 30대가 20대보다 사교적 요인이, 운동경력이 1년-2년과 2년-3년 그리고 4년 이상이 1년 미만보다 사교적 요인과 즐거움 요인에서 높게 나타났다. 주간 운동 횟수로는 주 5회, 6회 운동참여자가 주 1회, 2회, 3회 운동참여자보다 즐거움요인에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 인구통계학적 변인에 따른 운동만족의 차이는 성별, 연령, 운동경력, 주당 운동 횟수에 따른 운동만족에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 인구통계학적 변인에 따른 운동지속의 차이는 성별, 연령, 운동경력에는 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 주당 운동 횟수에 따른 운동지속의 차이는 환경 및 습관 요인에서 주 2, 3회 집단이 주 1회 집단보다, 주 4회 집단이 주 1, 2회 집단보다, 주 5, 6 회 집단이 주 1, 2, 3회 집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 관심 및 친구 요인에서는 주 6회 집단이 주 1,3회 집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 신체이미지 자기-차이 유형(이상적 체형과 실제체형 차이 집단)에 따른 피트니스 참여 동기의 차이는 실제체형보다 마른체형을 이상적으로 생각하는 집단이 실제체형보다 더 살찐 체형을 이상적으로 생각하는 집단 보다 건강 및 체력요인에서 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 신체이미지 자기-차이 유형(이상적 체형과 실제체형 차이 집단)에 따른 운동만족차이에서는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 신체이미지 자기-차이 유형(이상적 체형과 실제체형 차이 집단)에 따른 운동지속에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 신체이미지 자기-차이 유형(의무적 체형과 실제체형 차이 집단)에 따른 피트니스 참여 동기에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 여덟째, 신체이미지 자기-차이 유형(의무적 체형과 실제체형 차이 집단)에 따른 운동만족의 차이에서는 의무적 체형과 실제체형이 일치하는 집단이 일치하지 않는 집단보다 환경적 요인에서 높게 나타났다. 아홉째, 신체이미지 자기-차이 유형(의무적 체형과 실제체형 차이집단)에 따른 운동지속의 차이에서는 의무적 체형과 실제체형이 일치하는 집단이 일치하지 않는 집단보다 능력적, 환경 및 습관적, 관심 및 친구적 요인에서 모두 높은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference among participation motives, exercise satisfaction and exercise adherence for participants of fitness center based on the body-image. For the research, questionnaires were distributed to participants registered fitness center in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The 420 questionnaires were given and 402 questionnaires were analyzed in actual analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, chi-square test and ANOVA were conducted. The result of this study were as follows. Firstly, Participation motives which consist of social relationship, pleasure. mentality and health-physical strength showed differences through gender, age, exercise career and exercise frequency per week. Concretely, female showed higher difference than male in pleasure and thirties showed higher difference than twenties. The participants who exercise less than 2 years showed higher difference than participants who exercise less than 1 year in social relationship. Also, the participants who exercise less than 4 years showed higher difference than participants who exercise less than 1 year in pleasure. The participants who exercise more than 5 times per week showed higher difference than participants who exercise less than 3 times per week in pleasure. Secondly, exercise adherence which consist of exercise ability, exercise environment - habit and exercise interest - friend showed differences through exercise frequency per week. Concretely, the participants who exercise more than 5 times per week showed higher difference than participants who exercise less than 4 times per week in exercise environment - habit. Also, the participants who exercise more than 6 times per week showed higher difference than participants who exercise less than 3 times per week in exercise interest - friend. Thirdly, female showed higher difference than male in body-image which consist of ideal body-image and obligatory body-image. Fourthly, Participation motives which consist of social relationship, pleasure. mentality and health-physical strength showed differences through ideal body-image. Concretely, the participants who want to have slender body-image showed higher difference in health-physical strength than participants who want to have chubby body-image. Fifthly, exercise satisfaction which consist of educational satisfaction, social satisfaction, environmental satisfaction and health satisfaction showed difference through obligatory body-image. Concretely, the participants who satisfied with their body-image showed higher difference in environmental satisfaction than participants who did not satisfied with their body-image. Lastly, exercise adherence which consist of exercise ability, exercise environment - habit and exercise interest - friend showed differences through obligatory body-image. Concretely, the participants who satisfied with their body-image showed higher difference in exercise ability, exercise environment - habit and exercise interest - friend than participants who did not satisfy with their body-images.

高分解能 電子顯微鏡을 利用한 Mg-Zn-Y合金의 微細構造 分析

백상열 忠南大學校 大學院 2009 국내석사

Magnesium alloy is the lightest structural material with high specific strength, good damping capacity and cast-ability. Furthermore, magnesium resources are abundant and magnesium alloy products can be easily recycled. Therefore, the use of magnesium alloy is increasing. However, due to its HCP structure, its ductility is relatively poor. In order to achieve more substantial structural applications, it is necessary to develop wrought magnesium alloy products such as rolled sheets, extruded bar and forgings. Compared with aluminum alloys, they have low tensile strength and poor plasticity. Most common magnesium alloys are based on Mg-Zn and Mg-Al systems. Both alloy systems are age hardenable. Alloys based on the Mg-Zn system respond well to age hardening and the optimal mechanical properties were typically produced by T6 heat treatment. The most recent study shows that a favourable combination of the yield strength and ductility can be produced by ambient temperature aging. Precipitates formed in binary Mg-Zn alloys during artificial ageing are generally coarse and inhomogeneously distributed. The number density of the precipitates in the artificially aged condition, thus also the mechanical properties, can be increased by additional alloying with elements such as Y, rare earth(RE) elements. The precipitation behavior in Mg-6wt%Zn-1wt%Y alloy annealed at different temperatures of 200℃ and 400℃ has been characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscope.

청주지역 메디컬빌딩의 건축계획특성과 사용후평가(POE)

백상열 충북대학교 2014 국내석사

Under a trend of hospitals that repeated expansion in line with fast increasing factors of medical demands in the past, medical buildings where clinic businesses have regularly gathered in one building have exponentially increased since separation of prescribing and dispensing in 2000. Thus, this study aims at analyzing characteristics of architectural plan of the current medical buildings, identifying strengths and weaknesses through Post Occupancy Evaluation and suggesting an architectural planning method of medical buildings to be planned in the future. Scope of study has been limited to 23 medical buildings that are registered in the building register as medical buildings out of the Class 1 neighborhood facilities build as 5 floors or more in Cheongju region since 2000 and being actually used for the usage. Study method is to define concepts of the medical buildings through literature review and advanced researches, analyze characteristics of architectural plan through drawing analysis and site survey, and progress Post Occupancy Evaluation through interviews and questionnaire survey. Questionnaire survey had been progressed between 2013.9∼2013.10 and analysis objects included 233 replies distributed and collected. Tools used for various statistical analysis include Excel Ver.2007 and SPSS Ver.20. As there is no clear legal, architectural definition on the medical buildings now, this study has defined the medical buildings as ‘those buildings that have been built after 2000 of which main usage is the Class 1 neighborhood facility, the number of floors is 5 or more, most of which have been built in expecting occupancy of medical related facilities such as hospitals or clinics, etc. and in which medical related facilities including the clinics, etc. have materially occupied and used.’ General characteristics of architectural plans for the medical buildings in Cheongju have been analyzed. There are the most frequencies in general commercial area and semi-residential area, most of them are reinforced concrete structure and the Class 1 neighborhood facilities. Average land area is 482.68㎡, gross floor area 3720.8㎡, the number of underground floors level 1.16, the number of floors level 7.76, total number of floors 8.92, the building-to-land ratio 67.28%, floor area ratio 452.6%, height 31.44m, and the number of parked vehicles 24.16. The process of transition for architectural plans for the medical buildings in Cheongju has been identified and characteristics of architectural plans have been analyzed through formalization of plan and elevation. Land area and gross floor area per development periods have increased over time, while building area has decreased in the section before 2003~2005 and increased again after 2006. The number of underground floors level has increased over time, while the number of floors level has decreased before 2003~2005 and increased again after 2006, and the number of floors as per development periods has continuously increased. It could be identified that though the number of floors level has decreased, the number of underground floors level has extended to increase the total number of using floors. Height per development periods has increased over time, indicating that although the number of floors level has decreased, the floor height has increased to raise the building height. the building-to-land ratio has fast decreased in the section before 2003~2005 and increased again in the section after 2006. Parking methods of indoor (drive-in parking) and outdoor (drive-in parking) has increased, identified that it is concerned on increased building scale. However, indoor parking (mechanical) per development period has decreased after 2003~2005. The number of parking vehicles has increased over time. Looking into characteristics of floor and elevation architectural plans, core types include mostly eccentric core and separate core, while space types include mostly rectangular and square types. Structures include mostly RC structure and elevation patterns include irregular pattern, transverse pattern and general pattern in order of numbers. Results of Post Occupancy Evaluation by principal users of the medical buildings in Cheongju region with the satisfaction level survey questionnaire are shown below. ① Parking Lot Provision: Satisfaction level of doctors and nurses showed low level. It is determined that from characteristics of the medical buildings, the outpatients are more than the inpatients, parking space is short with narrow gap between cars and there is some inconvenience. Absence of the parking manager also results in inconvenience. ② Facility Lin: Satisfaction level of those who are involved in other businesses showed low level. As those who are involved in other businesses are mostly manager or cleaning services, there is low satisfaction level in facility link on the medical buildings where several clinics are concentrated. ③ Cleanness Keeping: Satisfaction level of those who are involved in other businesses showed high level. It is determined that those who are involved in other businesses are responsible for cleanness keeping, it showed high level. ④ Fault-tolerant Space: Satisfaction level of doctors and nurses showed low level. Because there are many medical buildings used as general shopping area without consideration on the disabled persons, such as steep ramp, no installation of facility for the handicapped in the entrance, etc. It is determined that when any disabled patient visits, the doctor or nurse feels inconvenience a lot, while most of the patients and guardians are not disable person, and satisfaction level of the patients and guardians showed high level. ⑤ Appearance (Pattern): Satisfaction level of doctors and nurses showed low level. It is determined that satisfaction level is low due to lack of heat insulation due to excessive curtain wall glass surface and elevation processing with emphasized design only and the residing doctors and nurses showed low level of satisfaction. ⑥ Prospect Right: Satisfaction level of the doctors and nurses, patients and guardians showed low level. It is determined that they have low satisfaction level, since they do not have natural lighting due to sunlight as there are windows. ⑦ Management Efficiency: Satisfaction level of the patients and guardians showed low level. It is determined that in the case of clinics with rent in the shopping arcade buildings rather than the medical buildings designed as dedicated medical buildings from planning phase, movement management between clinics is difficult and building management is inefficient. It is determined that service level of the individual clinics that the patients feel is also included in this part. ⑧ Management Economy: Satisfaction level of doctors and nurses showed low level. It is determined that from a viewpoint of the doctor, there is no considerable difference on management expenses comparing to operation of individual clinic. ⑨ In general, Post Occupancy Evaluation results for each principal user, patients and guardians have high satisfaction level, while satisfaction level of those who are involved in other businesses is low. From the results of factor analysis for the satisfaction level survey questionnaire, the number of factors was 2 and total variance to be explained with these 2 factor was 55.84%. They may be divided in to the internal factor that is a group of Post Occupancy Evaluation factors influenced by performance of the building itself and the external factor that is a group of Post Occupancy Evaluation factors influenced by link with external factors. Results of satisfaction level of Post Occupancy Evaluation for characteristics of architectural plans of the medical buildings in Cheongju region are shown below. ① Space Type: It could be identified that doctors, nurses, and those who are involved in other businesses have a high satisfaction level in square pattern, while the patients and guardians have low satisfaction level in mixed pattern. It is determined that square space is advantageous with high satisfaction level for moving line concerning on the core, while mixed pattern is more complicated to recognize space in moving line system with low satisfaction level than square and rectangular patterns. ② Core Type: Satisfaction level of the doctors and nurses was the highest level in the central core, while the patients and guardians have high satisfaction level in the central core and low satisfaction level in eccentric core. It is determined that the central core is mainly used on wide floor area of each floor with an advantage of short moving line, while eccentric core has long moving line with low satisfaction level. ③ Appearance Pattern: Satisfaction level of those who are involved in other businesses is the highest level in curtain wall, while the patients and guardians, doctors and nurses have the lowest satisfaction level in curtain wall. It is considered that those who are involved in other businesses are mostly in a management position, and do not directly use individual rooms with high satisfaction level. It is determined that curtain wall has good appearance but lack of comfort such as energy saving, etc., and the doctors and nurses, patients and guardians who personally use the rooms have low satisfaction level. ④ Structural Form: Steel framed buildings have high satisfaction level from most of users, of which satisfaction level of those who are involved in other businesses was the highest level. It is determined that in general, the steel framed buildings have short construction period with advantageous construction cost and diverse elevation structure with high satisfaction level.

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 제조한 ZnO-In2O3-SnO2 다성분계 투명전도성 산화물 박막의 조성에 따른 전기 광학적 특성

백상열 고려대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

Multi-component TCO (transparent conductive oxides) are promising materials as a transparent conducting electrode since their physical (optical, electrical and surface morphology) properties can be controlled by varying the ratio of components, and their cost is cheaper than ITO (indium-tin oxide), which is typically used as a transparent electrode on optical device such as plat panel displays, solar cells, light emitting diodes, etc. Multi-component TCOs consist in a combination of binary or ternary compounds such as In2O3-ZrO2, SnO2-ZrO2, ZnO-SnO2-In2O3, ZnO-V2O5, etc. In this work, to take the advantages of stability of ZnO in H2 plasma ambient, good electrical property of In2O3 and stability of SnO2 in high temperature, multi-component (ZnO-In2O3-SnO2) TCO films by RF magnetron co-sputtering on glass substrates (Corning 2974) using ZnO and ITO targets. The composition of ZnO-In2O3-SnO2 films was controlled by varying the ratio of respective applied RF power of ZnO and ITO targets. Substrate temperature was varied from room temperature to 200 ℃. The ZnO-In2O3-SnO2 films with Zn : In : Sn = 34.24 : 60.05 : 5.71 (at %) show a resistivity of 4.4×10-4 ??cm and an average transmittance 84 % in the visible range when they are deposited at the substrate temperature of 200 ?C.

재혼의 정석

백상열 서강대학교 영상대학원 2012 국내석사

<재혼의 정석>은 당대의 결혼관과 연애의 흐름을 가장 잘 표현할 수 있는 장르인 로맨틱 코미디라는 장르를 통해서 결혼에 실패한, 이른바 돌싱 남녀의 사랑이야기를 하고 있다. 요즈음 흔하게 마주칠 수 있는 결혼에 실패한 남녀들의 이야기를 어둡지 않게, 하지만 따뜻하게 그린다면 큰 공감대를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 생각했다. 이제는 ‘이혼’이나‘재혼’등의 단어들이 더 이상 감추거나 부끄러워 할 단어들이 아닌 것이다. ‘결혼은 조건이 맞아야 한다’란 다소 속물적인 느낌의 남자주인공과 ‘결혼은 사랑이 우선되어야 한다’는 철없는 꿈을 꾸는 여고생 느낌의 여자주인공을 통해 상반되는 두 캐릭터들이 부딪힘으로써, 초반의 설정 시 코미디가 가능해 졌고 주제를 더욱 부각 시킬 수 있을 것이다. 두 주인공뿐만 아니라 현재의 젊은이들의 결혼, 연애의 가치관이 드러난 주변의 인물들을 통해서 현시대에 우리가 느끼고 바라보는 결혼과 가정이란 어떤 의미이며 이를 바라보는 관객들이 자신의 가정과 가족, 그리고 결혼 생활을 한번쯤 뒤돌아 볼 수 있을 것이다.

연구개발 단계에서 특허정보의 활용이 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 중소기업 R&D 연구자를 중심으로

백상열 한성대학교 2012 국내석사

This study refers to the efficiency on performance of company using patent information at R&D step, and its purpose is to recognize the importance of the using patent information in R&D strategic planning of small businesses. In general, R&D steps are divided to basic research step, experimental step, prototype step, manufacturing step and commercialization step. Using patent information in these steps are highly related to performance of company, and company's performance of technology and performance of finance can be developed by using patent information and more over, these performances of company will be distributed to competitiveness reinforcement of small businesses. Specially, in the situation where small businesses do not have specialized organization and professionals in analysis of patent information, this study can convince small businesses of the importance of patent information in R&D strategy and this patent information should be considered in establishing the strategy. 본 연구는 연구개발(R&D)단계에서 특허정보의 활용이 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구에 관한 것으로써, 특히 중소기업의 R&D담당자들에 있어서, 연구개발 단계에 있어 특허정보의 활용이 해당 기업의 성과에 관한 연구에 그 목적이 있고, 특히 중소기업의 R&D 전략수립에 있어 특허정보의 활용에 대한 중요성을 인식시키는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구개발 단계는 기초연구단계, 실험단계, 시제품단계, 제품화단계, 사업화 단계로 구분된다. 이들 단계에서의 특허정보의 활용은 제조업 기반의 중소기업 성과에 있어 관련성이 높으며, 연구개발 단계에 있어서, 특허정보의 활용은 제품의 기획부터, 실험, 생산, 제조, 사업화등에 있어 매우 중요한 요인이며, 이러한 특허정보의 활용이 기업의 성과에 있어 관련성이 높으며, 특허정보를 활용함으로써, 기업의 기술적 성과와 기업의 재무적 성과 등이 향상될 수 있고, 이러한 기업의 성과가 향후 중소기업의 경쟁력 강화에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. 특히, 중소기업과 같이 특허정보를 해석할 수 있는 전문화된 조직 및 인력이 부족한 상황에서 특허정보가 기업성과에 미칠 수 있는 요인을 인식시키고, 향후 연구개발에 있어 특허정보의 중요성을 인식시켜 특허정보의 활용이 중소기업의 R&D전략에 기여할 수 있으며, 전략수립에 있어 필수적으로 고려되어 할 것이다.

(The) analysis of health promoting behavior of SNS users based on e-health literacy using extended model of goal-directed behavior

백상열 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2022 국내박사

This study is to investigate the generation process of Health Promoting Behavior of SNS users. It targets adult men and women in their 20s or older who use health information through SNS, analyzes the relation between psychological factors and Desire by adding another variable called Prior Knowledge to Goal-directed Behavior Model, and determines whether Desire mediates between e-Health Literacy and Health Promoting Behavior. In conducting this study, a questionnaire was used as a measurement tool, and a total of 485 questionnaires were taken valid for actual analysis. The collected survey data were analyzed through the SPSS Windows ver. 23.0 and AMOS 22.0, and the conclusions derived through this are as follows. First, it was found that Attitude of SNS users had a positive effect on Desire. Second, it was found that Subjective Norms did not affect Desire. Third, it was found that the positive and negative Expected Emotions of SNS users had an effect on their Desires. Fourth, it was found that the Prior Knowledge of SNS users had an effect on Desire. Fifth, it was found that Perceived Behavior Control did not affect Desire. Sixth, it was found that the Prior Knowledge of SNS users influenced the Behavior Intention. Seventh, it was found that Perceived Behavior Control of SNS users influenced Behavior Intention. Eighth, e-Health Literacy was found to have an effect on Desire. Ninth, it was found that the Desires of SNS users did not affect the Behavior Intention. Tenth, it was found that the Desires of SNS users had an effect on Health Promoting Behavior. Eleven, it was found that the Behavior Intention of SNS users did not affect Health Promoting Behavior. twelfth, it was found that e-Health Literacy did not affect Behavior Intention. Thirteenth, e-Health Literacy was found to have an effect on Health Promoting Behavior. Fourteenth, it was found that Desire mediated between e-Health Literacy and Health Promoting Behavior.

A study guide on spiritual discipline : With implications for the Korean-American pastors related to the Presbyterian church in the Republic of Korea (PCROK)

백상열 San Francisco Theological Seminary 1988 해외박사

올바른 목회자가 되기 위해서는 무엇보다 먼저 목회자가 목회자로서의 자신의 정체성과 영성(pastoral indentity and spirituality)을 충분히 이해하고 확립할 때 가능하다. 그때 비로소 그는 하나님과 사람들에 대한 참된 관게를 맺을 수 있고 의미와 능력으로 충만한 목회를 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 주제를 중심으로 특별히 미국에 거주하고 있는 한국의 목회자들을 대상으로 그들의 목회자로서의 정체성과 영성을 이해하고 영성적 차원에서의 정체성회복을 위한 대안을 제시하고자 시도한 것이다. 본 논문은 먼저 현대문명과 영성의 관게를 밝히고 영성에 관한 일반적인 정의(定議)와 성서적 영성에 대해 소개한다. 다음으로 개혁교회의 전통에 따른 영성의 일반적 특징을 소개하고 그 가운데서 특별히 정통주의 영성과 경건주의 영성을 소개한다. 다음으로 한국교회의 영성 일반에 대해 고찰한 다음 저자가 소속해 있는 한국기독교장로회의 역사와 영성을 소개한다.끝으로 설문조사에 따른 분석과 목회자들의 영성회복을 위한 대안으로서 임상적 영성훈련 지침서를 소개한다. 본 눈문은 전통적으로 카톨릭교회가 사용해온 영성(spirituality)의 개념을 개신교의 믿음의 개념에서 이해하되 그것을 이론과 체험의 통전적 차원에서 이해하고자 시도한 것이다. 즉 하나님을 믿기만 할 것이 아니라 사랑하는 데까지 이를 수 있게 하고, 이웃을 사랑하는 것을 말로서만이 아니라 실천적으로 어떻게 그것이 가능한가 하는 것을 문제 삼은 것이다. 왜냐하면 개신교의 영성 혹은 교리의 주된 주장은 "믿음으로 의롭게 된다"는 것인 바 그러한 주장은 언제나 머리와 말의 수준에서만 머무를 수 있기 때문이다. 그럴 경우 목회의 참된 의미와 능력은 불가능한 것이고 목회자 자신의 삶과 목회 자체는 언제나 메마를 수 밖에 없는 것이다. 목회는 말과 이론의 차원만이 아니라 목회자의 전인격적인 차원에서 이루어져야 하고 인간의 삶의 전체적인 차원에서 능력으로 나타나야 하는 것이다. 따라서 목회자의 자기 정체성과 영성은 목회자의 영적 도덕적 차원과 심리적인 차원 뿐만이 아니라, 사회-정치적인 차원에까지 확대 이해되어야 하는 것이다. 인간은 무엇보다 먼저 자신의 역사적인 삶의 배경을 떠나서는 자기 자신을 올바로 이해할 수 없으며 특히 한국인의 경우 한국의 고난의 역사를 이해하지 않고서는 자신의 정체성을 올바로 이해할 수 없다. 따라서 한국의 역사적 삶에 뿌리를 둔 한국의 목회자들은 자신들의 고난의 역사에 대한 올바른 이해와 신학적 해석을 동시에 하지 않을 수 없는 것이며, 이러한 이해를 바탕으로 해서만 비로소 자신의 영성적 정체성을 올바로 확립할 수 있는 것이다. 역사와 삶에 대한 올바른 이해로부터 바른 기도와 영성이 가능해지기 때문이다. 기도, 명상, 침묵, 성서읽기 등의 훈련은 역사를 떠나서는 추상적인 언어가 될 뿐이다. 또한 역사는 올바른 성서해석을 거치지 않고서는 무익한 역사될 수 있다. 요컨데 본 논문이 추구하는 것은 명상과 기도, 침묵과 성서가 한국의 고난의 역사와 어떻게 만날 것인가 즉 피상적으로만 이해하고 말 것인가 아니면 고통스럽기는 하나 진실의 차원에서 만날 것인가 하는 것을 문제삼은 것이다. 필자는 인간의 심리적 도덕적 차원만이 아니라 한국인의 정체성 속에 흐르고 있는 고난의 역사를 하나님의 말씀과 기도, 묵상과 침묵 속에서 "진실되게" 만날 수 있을 때 비로소 목회자의 참된 영성과 정체성이 확립되고 그 목회는 의미와 능력으로 충만할 수 있다고 확신한 것이다. Roman Haubenstock-Ramati(Feb.27th 1919 in Cracow, Poland-March 3rd 1994 in Vienna, Austria) established the term "musical graphics" with the organisation of the first exhibition of his musical graphics in Donaueschingen, Germany 1959 It should be clear that his graphic art were not the basis of the so-called free and spontaneous Improvisations. To interpret such graphics, Haubenstock-Ramati demands musicians to reflect on formal progress of musik. The interpretor should, according to Haubenstock-Ramati, seek order in disorder("to perform? to realise? in doubt, never!"). My dissertation consists of two parts: Part 1 describes the important aspects of aubenstock-Ramati's musical form, especially the >mobile<, the variable form and >always something different and yet always the same< - phenomenon. Part 2 is an analysis of his vocal compositions. Both parts beginn with a general introduction to the historical compositional situation in the post-serial-phase In both topics(Music and Abstract Painting, the musicality of Language in Literature) the ineraction and the dissipation of boundaries of each art form: Music, Painting, Literature, are outlined within.