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일제의 종교정책과 대구대목구의 대응에 대한 고찰 : 드망즈 주교를 중심으로
박상혁 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사
The religious policy in colonial rule of Japan was religion to contribute colonial rule of Choson. The colonial Japan insisted on the separation of religion from education, and began to separate missionaries from education boundaries and regulated mission of Christianity by imposing restrictions directly on their mission. The various regulatory laws on religion were such results. To restrict religion education at school, it promulgated Ordinance of private school laws, Enforcement rule of Private school laws and Revised Private school laws. and to restrict missionary activity, Missionary laws was announced and Shinto ceremonies was forced and promulgated the Religious organization act. Those laws were amended several times later on but the basic system had been persisted during colonial period. This article aims to highlight the response of Daegu Vicariat against colonial Japanʼs religious policy. therefore the time frame of this study is mainly confined to the period Bishop Demange at his post in Daegu Vicariat from 1911 until 1938 of his expiry. In the 1st chapter, it examined the historical situation of the Daegu Vicariat under Colonial rule of Japan. In the 2nd chapter, it deal twith the Chosunʼs separation policy of church between politics and religion and major policy on religion done by Colonial Japan. In the 3rd chapter, there sponse of Daegu Vicariat was examined against religious policy of the Colonial rule of Japan. In the era of 1910-1920 when the Private school laws, Revised private school laws, Missionary laws were introduced, there were difficulties in mission fund or missionary staffs due to recruit of missionaries or decreased or suspended donations of mission fund in connection with Chosun-Japan annexation and the 1st World War. Despite the situation, Bishop Demange reformed the education of theological school through his church letter providing commentaries on the new education act and education system as well as pastoral letter on education while urging establishment of school and education project as a means for evangelization purposes. Regarding Missionary laws, Bishop Demange obtained an approval from coronal government by announcing new laws on missionary through official letter. But on the other hand, the Bishop reported this problem to Minister of Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith) during Ad limina (regular visit) to Vatican while explaining illegality of the Missionary laws through pastoral letter. Independence Movement, the Bishop took a moderate position not permitting participation based on the principle of separation between politics and religion. In terms of forced shrine visit by coronial Japan, Bishop Demange refused to pay respect to the effects of shrine and had negative feelings to shrine visit but based on the legitimately based on declaration to support the official instruction announced by archbishop Mooney, Ambassador to the Pope, he interpreted the shrine visit to be regarded as royalty to the nation rather than religious ritual. But he also elaborated that Daegu Vicariat people shall be prohibited to make active participation and should behave to the extent to have passive participation and bow only. Upon promulgation of Religious Organization act, it was difficult for Daegu Vicariat to properly respond on it. The Chosun church was completely subjugated by the rule of colonial Japan after outbreak of the Pacific war. National Total Chosun-Federation suppressed the church, prohibited study on official letter from Vicariat and mid-night player of Christmas, forced resignation of foreigner Bishop and missionaries. situation deteriorated to the extent that Justinus theology school was shot-down, and French missionaries were prohibited their activities and detained by the group. As mentioned, the discrete attitude of Bishop Demange affected to other various projects to influence the development of vicariat. If there was no sustained leadership of Bishop for 27 year term, it could be very hard to achieve expansion of church due to desertion of believers caused by Japanese exploitation as well as development of social work. Of course there were mistakes providing indirect cooperation to the Japanese colonial rule to Chosun by Passively joining the peoples movement as not permitting students of Justinus theology school to 3.1 Independence Movement, approval of Shinto ceremonies being contrary to the peopleʼs expectation and taking part of it. However, it is not a fair if evaluation is made to any matter or problem by observing one side only. Looking back past from the present position, and on the basis of reflection, it is desired that such an evaluation should be a milestone for future church. Therefore if we can evaluate fairly showing naked painful past of our church and make a open regret to the public not to repeat such mistake, the mistake of the past shall be a corner stone to pave the way for future. The church announced ?Renewal and Reconciliation? to its past to take first step to ?Renew and Reconcile? the past mistake. In the rapidly changing modern society, such kind of Renewal and Reconciliation should not be limited to one time event in order to spread and testify the Kingdom of God. In fact, In the modern society, the Church has to make regret ceaselessly to the mistake of its own actively in order to spread and testify the Kingdom of God. Under such basis to seek and to follow the Jesus Christ ?one may be able to reach to never extinguishable light through cross of Jesus by relentless self renewal under the sprit of God? The church in the new millennium should create new history. It is easy to make a judgement to the past but creation of it should be a difficult task. Finally, it is hoped to be able to join building the Kingdom of God to understand the sign of thisera through trustful reconciliation and less on of the past history to be with society and people.
고령화 사회의 노인들을 위한 가톨릭교회의 사목적 방안 연구 : 대구대교구를 중심으로
권호섭 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사
As medicine develops and sense of hygiene improves, the life expectancy has been longer and the 'aging society' has come. As we never experienced the aging society, there are concerns about the problem that could be caused by the aging society. The main cause of the concern is related to finance. We tend to see the aging society regards to finance; the decrease of labor population and the increase of cost to support seniors. Seniors are treated as an obstacle in the modern IT society where individual competence and new knowledge are valued. Society devalued seniors as the main cause of various social problems and even describes the aging society as 'a national timing bomb' or 'the shadow of disaster'. As a result, seniors are getting isolated and suffer various difficulty. On the contrary, church regards seniors as the blessed creature of God, symbol of wisdom and people to be respected. So, a church accepts aging as a blessing and a big project. Following this, Daegu Archdiocese carries out various pastoral projects for seniors. However, pastoral projects for seniors are far less paid attention comparing with the pastoral projects for the youth. Daegu Archdiocese should make an effort to develop the pastoral projects for seniors. Such effort would be helpful to make a social trend which accepts old age as a blessing and mission, and play a big role to recover the dignity of the seniors. This thesis gives priority to reconfirm the meaning of the old age and its value following the lesson of the catholic church, and seek the ways to recover the dignity of the senior. In addition, this thesis plans to grasp the state of the aging society and the pastoral projects for seniors by Daegu Archdiocese, and suggest substantial guideline to improve and develop the projects. This is the purpose of this thesis. A similar study had been done at the graduate school in Catholic University in 2009. It is the thesis by Chan Young Choi for his graduate degree; The role of the catholic church to activate the pastoral projects for seniors in the aging society - mainly by Archdiocese of Seoul and Uijeongbu. However, the thesis is about the activity in Seoul and Uijeongbu, and a study about the activity in Daegu Archdiocese needs to be done. Therefore, in chapter I this thesis overviews the aging society and the life of the seniors in general. In chapter II this thesis tries to understand the meaning of the old age and its value through bible, documents kept in the church and the catholic church, and confirm the lesson of the catholic church regards to seniors. In chapter III this thesis analyzes the state of the aging society in Daegu Archdiocese and in the ares under its jurisdiction, and examines the state of the pastoral projects for seniors and problems. Finally in chapter IV this thesis finds the purpose of the pastoral projects for seniors to set a correct direction and the goal of the pastoral projects for seniors following the guideline of the projects. This thesis also suggests the ways to improve and activate the pastoral projects for seniors based on Daegu Archdiocese and its parish church.
성경을 이용한 청소년 교리교육 효율성에 관한 연구 : 2000년 개정된 대구대교구 주일학교 교리교재와 2005년 대구대교구 복음여행 비교분석을 중심으로
이진옥 대구가톨릭대학교 신학대학원 2008 국내석사
(Abstract) Our youth are the leaders of tomorrow, and our catholic church agrees with this opinion. The letter "To every youth in world" from Pope John PaulⅡ said "You have hope, because you are part of the future and the future depends on you." And every society thinks youth education is a very important part of our lives too. We, as members of a society, have created many kinds of education program for youth. The Archbishopric, where is involved with Korea, is trying to develop a variety of youth programs. Unfortunately, the participation rate in Sunday school is decreasing these days. Catechesis needs to be more interesting and fun. We need to understand what happens in Sunday school. Usually Sunday school teachers are University students. They prepare for their class at least 1week in advance and they have class every weekend at anappointed hour. They try to teach by using many kinds of sources but youth do not feel the class is fun or helpful to develop their faith. This problem happens because of Sunday school teachers don't have a background in Theology so this makes it difficult to teach youth catechesis. Another problem is the text book. The text book is one of the most important sources in education. All education is influenced from not only the teacher's skill but also the text book. If the text book is too hard to understand for both the teacher and the students then this will be a serious problem. So the textbook needs to be easy to understand. In the case of catechesis, the text book is a really important source for educating faith to people. It should help individuals understand what it means to be Catholic. Unfortunately in the Catholic Church here Korea's traditional text book follows the Korean cramming system of education so people who want to be baptized or participate in the Catholic education program have to memorize all the Catholic teachings. This system was very effective in 1970s but now it is ineffective. For youth, a story telling system of education is more effective than the cramming system of education. So this study recommends using the bible for youth catechesis. The bible is the basis catechesis with sanctuary. In the bible there is God's teachings, and information about Jesus and the disciples’ lives. The structure of the bible is story telling so this bible will help our youth's faith through understanding Jesus and thedisciples’ lives; moreover, this will help students understand the Catholic teaching more easily. So the purpose of this study is about look at the effect of using the bible in youth catechesis. This study consists of five chapters. In chapter 1, we are going to look at characteristics of the Korean Catholic church's catechesis and how it is concerned with the realities of youth catechesis. Moreover, we will find out about current catechesis from Sunday school teachers (financial affairs and textbook.) We present the solution to reform the text book. In chapter 2, we are going to compare Daegu Archbishopric's Catholic education text book (2000ed) & Daegu Archbishopric's 'Traveling Gospel' based on the views of teachers and students. In chapter 3, we investigate the issue of the text book and present the solution of using the bible for youth Catechesis. Moreover, here we are going to look for examples of other Archbishopric’s youth Catechesis using the Bible. In chapter 4, new teaching skills using the bible are presented, particularly a metaphor in 4 gospels. We will also provide an example form of catechesis for youth. Finally in chapter 5, we are going to look the effectiveness of catholic youth education based on the bible. In conclusion, if youth catechesis uses the bible, it is really helpful for youth to understand the catholic teachings and strengthen their faith. But if teachers just focus on the Gospel, this can create a formal catechesis that does not promote learning and understanding. So when they harmony with both bible and sanctuary then youth catechesis will be more effective.
경상도 지역의 순교자와 현양 운동에 관한 고찰 : 대구대교구 순교자 20위 중심으로
서대원 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사
The history of the Catholic Church in Korea is unique in that it has accepted the Gospel without any presence of missionaries. Moreover, the church has been able to practice its faith through the noble blood of its previous martyrs, as in the saying of Latin priest Tertullian, “the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church.” To remember its martyrs, the Korean Catholic Church has proclaimed September as ‘the Month of the Martyrs' in commemoration of those who laid down their lives for the Gospel in Korea. In the sphere of exaltation of martyrdom, however, it has been often superficial and passive in practice. Upon the current awareness of this issue, I thought that it would be meaningful to study and write about the holy spirit of martyrdom and an appropriate exaltation of its martyrs. The paper will examine top twenty martyrs and the movement of martyrs’ exaltation of the Catholic Archdiocese of Daegu based on historical events. In chapter Ⅰ, it gives an overview of martyrdom including the definition of martyrdom and martyrs, the concept of martyrs in the Bible, the meaning of martyrs through the eyes of Catholic priests and the history of honoring the martyrs. In chapter Ⅱ, it illustrates martyrs during the period of persecution in Gyeongsang-do, the early history of Catholicism in the region, the influence on Yeongnam area and the Martyrs in Daegu-Gyeongbuk area and their religious witnesses, beliefs and contributions. In chapter Ⅲ, it provides an origin of martyrs’ exaltation and its evolution and the martyrs’ exaltation movement followed by three parts: a period of voluntary exaltation of martyrs, a period of exaltation of martyrs activities and a period of regional exaltation movement. When we think of the lives of the martyrs, there is always God at the center of their lives. At the moment of life and death, they have always lowered themselves and followed God’s will. The most important of which is to recognize God’s will as a daily priority and devote ourselves to prayers. When this is practiced in our everyday life, there would be a true meaning of the martyrs’ exaltation. The movement of exaltation of martyrs includes holding a funeral for the martyrs, visiting their graveyards and collecting historical records. Through these achievements, we can commit our personal glory and set an example of life of faith for our descendants. Martyrs are the ones who have devoted their precious lives to God’s work and truly practiced the act of love thy neighbor. Today, we are not able to suffer bloody martyrdom, but we must proceed the hard work of martyrdom. True martyrdom will finally be accomplished when we exert the act of love and faith to God as the martyrs have done with their lives.
대구근대의 화단 성립과 발전기 연구 : 1910~1930년대를 중심으로(From 1910s to 1930s)
Nevertheless the times limit as a Japanese colonial Period(1910-1945), One of the factors such as the golden age is Gyeongb railroad work on 1903. As Daegu was part of the main cites of kung bu-train between Gyeonggeong and Busan. It became developed domestic center of a colonial policy. Thus many Japanese gathered Daegu and Japanese unvest capital in Daegu, it became quickly industrialized and citified. Because of it, Daegu placed profitable position to accept western culture institutions native Koran painters met western painting, so all over the country's artists gathered Daegu. Some of forerunners in Daegu are part of catalyst of fast development in Daegu art world. The Daegu of artists are different from other region because of Seokje SeoByngo as a leader modern Daegu artists. He was a person who effects central painting circles as a relationship with Dae won geun. Building style formed by him constituted other painting circles compared with central painting circles. A style of painting was instructed by him, apprentices, especially Seo Donggyung. His activities displayed as a 'Gyeonam seuwha research institute'. It was a modern art education organ after kyeong sung, Pyeong yang. Though we cannot call it 'modern' because it has limit as a apprentice system method, we can find out it 'modern' that it was a professional art school and it jointed a work of art together with general public by helding exhibition. Research organization of Gyonam Traditional painting became speed up developing of Daegu painting circles. As new art type, water-color painting on traditional western art foundation occupied, it became soon catalyst new artist in Daegu painting circles. Thus water-color painting boom became a peak of 1930s by Lee Insung supported Seo Dongjin. Also some facts through Daegu painting circles establishment and prosperity are not hostile relationship between the Japanese painters residence and native Korean painters. Though they are rival, Native Korea painters are friendship to them and participated in Japanese's work ship. For example, They participated in 'Zatohoe' in Japanese painting group. Japanese painter assistance Binchonmunung(濱村文雄) in Seo Dongjin's second individual work shop. Binohonmunung(濱村文雄) put on exhibition as a regular number at 'Hyangtohoe' fifth group work shop. It consisted of orginal Korean painters. It was important that Japanese's art teacher's activities of Daegu educational school. It educated famous artist as Geun Gyeongyon, Kim sumyeong. At the point of them, Daegu modern painting circles may be pro-Japanese. It proved out show good results that was famous after Pyengyang through 'Chosun art exhibition'. It was art exhibition. as an affiliated organization Japanese Govenment-General Korea. They were criticized that they could not find out secret purpose the exhibition and deal with independently. As central of 'Hyongtohoe', a native Daegu painters were sensitive 'Chosun Art Exhibition'. They focused on 'Chosun Art Exhibition' about a style of painting. But modern chosun was special environment under Japanese colonial. Our modern painting caused control and regulation and observation under Japanese culture policy. Daegu modern painting circles was not conflict with Japanese, except 'Younggahoe' by Lee Sangchun in KAFE. Our modern period was handled general and value neutral modern under imperialism as a 'Chosun Art Exhibition'. Because of such Daegu painter who adapted imperialism. Daegu developed a city of modern painting. But it is not only Daegu painting circles but also total modern trend. Only Daegu was not free oneself from limit circumstance. But out of view, ironically it could response sensitively about periodic flow or display form of painting. And it could explain complexly character about colonial culture. Such a view, it is important that Daegu painting circles are reported. In this treatise's purpose is an explanation about Korea total modern painting peculiarity
金起震 대구한의대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사
1. Purpose To understand the present situation of the established subjects of Qigong and extracurricular activities of the students, the author attempted a grasp of the established Qigong-related subjects at colleges of Oriental medicine nationwide and their students' club activities. And in order to prepare the basis for future improvement and development in the lectures, an evaluation was made on the lecture by the 'theory-practice-self study' system initiated in 'Yangseng Qigong(養生氣功) and practice' at Daegu Haani University. 2. Methods To investigate particulars on Qigong subjects at 11 colleges of Oriental medicine across the country, their home pages were checked on in May, 2008 and a personal phone inquiry was also made regarding the items not to be confirmed from the home pages. The content of inquiry was compiled and sent to each college by e-mail to obtain the confirmation of the professors in charge or department heads. To grasp the present state of the clubs for 11 colleges of Oriental medicine nationwide, the monitors for the whole clubs within the colleges were contacted by phone to inquire into, and with an agreement in advance, the monitors were inquired of their clubs' general situations in the manner of phone questionnaire. And I surveyed the satisfaction of 'Yangsaeng Qigon and Practice' which is the lecture that composed theory, practice, self study for 120 students at college of oriental medicine in Daegu Haani University. 3. Results Nine out of 11 college of oriental medicine offered course of Qigong and 8 as a major and 1 as a cultural subject. Daeguhaani and Wonkwang colleges had the science placed in the first and second year of their regular course and the rest in the preparatory course. The subject was 1 credit for 4 colleges and 2 credits for 5 ones. Practice was arranged independently for 6 colleges. There were 6 schools with clubs related to Qigong and 12 clubs altogether in 11 colleges of Oriental medicine. The number of clubs were 4, the most, at Daegu college and the number of members were 61, the most, at the same school, too. As for the content of training, 6 colleges, the most, combined Junggong(精功) and Donggong(動功d). It was shown that in case of clubs without intramural space for training, there were fewer times of weekly group training, together with less training time. Of the 8 clubs with a coach, there was only one club that had a coach from Oriental medicine doctor. In the inquiry for the satisfaction with the general class of ‘Yangsaeng Qigong and practice', 69% answered positively. As to the satisfaction with class grouping, 76% answered affirmatively, and as to the question "Agreement to the plan workable?", 72% said it was satisfactory, showing lectures by class grouping were made successful as planed. As to satisfaction with theory lectures, 36% were satisfied (38% unsatisfied), as to practice 90% was satisfied (2% unsatisfied) and as to the self-study and special lectures, 36% was satisfied (23% unsatisfied), showing the satisfaction was relatively higher for practice. To the question "Was it helpful in understanding hygiene Danjeon-breathing science?", 31% said yes (16% no) for theory, 87% yes (3% no) for practices, 32% yes (32% no) for special lectures, and 37% yes (28% no) for team assignments. 4. Conclusions As seen in the inquiring result of 'Yangseng Qigong(養生氣功) and practice' satisfaction on the subject of college of Oriental medicine in Daegu Haani University students, the students were much interested in practical training of Qigong and its operational methods. Also, In their education goal, each college includes a therapy for the people's health improvement as a doctor of Oriental medicine as well as personal cultivation of their mind and body, and in the content of lectures, many colleges were including not only the concepts of breathing, its principles and history, but also its use for clinics. However, all the colleges except DaeguHaani and Wonkwang, have established the Qigong in their preparatory course, revealing their knowing it as a basic course. In addition to educating the theoretical concept of breathing as a basis for Oriental medicine, it is considered necessary that the science should be placed in the regular course and taught to the students as a field of basis and clinics for Oriental medicine in order to enable practical operation in joint with clinics at the scene. The textbooks and majors of the lecturers turned out to be varied, but as seen from the result of lecture satisfaction on 'Yangseng Qigong and practice', it was different according to the preparedness of the lecturers and satisfaction with the lecture material. Despite the situation that most schools have chosen it as a major subject, the subject name was divergent among schools and the textbook and the content of practice were also not unified. At the point of globally rising interest in Qigong, this will only lead to its weak competitiveness when advancing to the world. We ourselves should be standardized and prepared. To this end, it is considered that there should be a common textbook for Qigong, and that specialized manpower to lecture on the subject should be cultivated. 1. 연구의 목적 기공학 과목개설 현황을 정확히 파악하고, 정규 교과목이외의 학생활동을 파악하고자 전국 한의과대학의 기공학 과목 개설 및 한의과대학 내의 기공 관련 학생 동아리 현황을 파악하였다. 그리고 대구한의대학교에서 ‘양생기공학 및 실습’에서 새롭게 실시된 ‘이론-실습-자율학습’ 방식의 강의를 평가함으로써 향후 강의개선 및 개발의 근거를 마련하기 위한 목적으로 이 연구를 계획하였다. 2. 연구 대상 및 연구 방법 전국 11개 한의대의 기공학 과목 관련 사항을 조사하기 위하여 2008년 5월에 전국의 11개 한의대 홈페이지를 조사하였고 한의대 홈페이지에서 확인할 수 없는 사항은 직접 전화로 조사하였다. 그리고 조사한 내용을 정리하여 각 대학에 우편으로 발송하여 담당교수 혹은 학과장의 확인을 받았다. 전국 11개 한의대 기공 동아리 현황 파악을 위해서 2007년 10월에 11개 한의과대학 전체동아리 회장에게 전화 연락하여 기공 관련 동아리를 조사하였고, 조사된 기공 관련 동아리 회장에게 전화 설문방식으로 사전 동의를 구해 소속 동아리에 관한 전반적인 상황에 대해 조사하였다. 대구한의대학교 한의과대학에서 2008년 이론과 실습으로 구성된 ‘양생기공학 및 실습’을 수강한 본과 1학년 120여명을 대상으로 모든 강좌가 끝나고 만족도를 조사하여 분석하였다. 3. 결과 11개 한의대학 중 기공학이 개설 되어 있는 학교는 9곳이었고, 그 중 전공으로 개설된 학교는 8곳, 교양으로 개설된 학교는 1곳이었다. 대구한의대와 원광대학교 한의대학교가 각각 본과 1학년 2학년에 배치가 되어 있었고, 나머지 학교들은 예과에 배치가 되어 있었다. 1학점으로 된 학교가 4곳, 2학점으로 된 학교가 5곳이었다. 실습 시간이 있는 학교는 6 곳이었다. 11개 한의대학 중 기공관련 동아리가 있는 학교가 6곳이었고, 12개의 동아리가 있었다. 동아리 수는 대구한의대에 4곳으로 제일 많았고, 회원수에서도 대구한의대가 61명으로 제일 많았다. 수련내용에 있어서는 정공과 동공을 병행하는 곳이 6곳으로 제일 많았다. 교내에 수련 공간이 없는 동아리의 경우 주당 단체 수련 횟수 및 수련 시간이 적다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 스승이 있는 8개의 동아리 중 1개의 동아리만이 한의사 출신 스승이 있었다. ‘양생기공학 및 실습’ 강의 전반에 대한 만족도 조사에서 69%가 만족한다고 답했다. ‘분반에 대한 만족도’는 76%가 만족한다고 답했으며, ‘계획서와의 일치가 잘 되었냐’에 대한 답변도 72%가 만족한다고 답해 분반에 의한 강의가 계획대로 잘 이루어졌다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이론 강의의 만족도는 14%가 만족, 38%가 불만족으로, 실습은 90%가 만족, 2%가 불만족으로, 자율학습 및 특강은 36%가 만족, 23%가 불만족이라 답해 실습이 비교적 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. ‘양생기공학을 이해하는데 도움이 되었냐’는 질문에 이론은 31%가 그렇다, 16%가 그렇지 않다고, 실습은 87%가 그렇다, 3%가 그렇지 않다고, 자율학습은 32%가 그렇다, 32%가 그렇지 않다고, 특강은 32%가 그렇다, 32%가 그렇지 않다고, 조별과제는 37%가 그렇다고 28%가 그렇지 않다고 답했다. 4. 결론 대구한의대 학생을 대상으로 한 기공학 만족도 조사 결과에서 볼 수 있듯이 학생들은 ‘기’의 실질적인 수련, 운용 방법에 관심이 많다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 각 대학 교육 목표를 살펴보면 개인의 심신 수련뿐만 아니라 한의사로서 국민 건강증진을 위한 치료에도 그 목표가 있었고, 강의 내용에서도 기의 개념, 원리와 역사뿐만 아니라 임상에 활용하는 내용 또한 다수의 대학에서 포함하고 있었다. 그러나 대구한의대학교, 원광대학교를 제외한 나머지 학교에서는 예과에 개설이 되어 기공을 기초적인 과정으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 기공학이 한의학의 기초로 이론적인 기의 개념을 교육하는 것 외에 실제 임상과 접목하여 실질적 운용을 가능하게 하기 위해서는 본과에 개설하여 한의학의 기초 및 임상 분야로 학생들에게 교육 할 필요성이 있다고 사료된다. 교재와 강사의 전공이 다양하였는데 기공학 강의 만족도 조사 결과에서도 볼 수 있듯이 강사의 준비상태 강의 자료의 만족도에 따라 강의의 만족도가 달라졌다는 것을 알 수 있다. 대부분의 학교가 전공과목으로 채택하고 있는 상황에 교과목명이 다르고, 교재, 실습내용 또한 통일되지 않고 있다. 이는 세계적으로 기에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 현시점에서 세계로 나아갔을 때 경쟁력이 약할 수밖에 없다. 우리 스스로 표준화하고 준비하여야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 체계적으로 강의할 수 있는 기공학 공통 교과서가 있어야 할 것이고, 기공을 전문적으로 강의할 전문 인력양성이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
우리나라 공교육 제도 안에서의 가톨릭 학교의 정체성에 대한 고찰 : 대구광역시 내에 소재한 가톨릭 중.고등학교를 중심으로
이정엽 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사
Public education can be defined as mandated activities that lead a human-being genuine. However, the meaning of public education can be applied to various perspectives based on which site of the essence of education is taken into consideration as the significance of education is composed of diverse sub-concepts. Amongst many concepts of education, the intellectual aspect is particularly emphasised in Korean public educational system. Thus, it is often argued that the educational institution centred on intellectualism may interrupt students to form right values along with the proper ideals to become an eligible social individual. So it is crucial to seek fundamental solutions of public education system to avoid students failing in shaping better characteristics in Korea. It is claimed that the reality of current Korean public education system is severe as it is thought to be facing no internal stability, also a lack of governmental finance support, an increase of early overseas students and a rise of private education and resulted fees. It is generally blamed on the public education system in Korea that is solely university preparatory and that ignores basic purposes of public education such as education for the whole and students’ self-realisation. In the mentioned circumstances, Korean public education is desperately in the need of changes especially on providing equal educational opportunities and also offering even intellectualities to the whole. In order to achieve these goals, it is important to value the process itself rather than the result which would bring better opportunities to shape up stable institutional backups and for students to open up a diverse way to the success and to accept a wide range of different values. In addition, it is also vital to develop and execute the whole-person education programmes that can assist students to respect each individual’s different characteristics and dignities of student. By doing so, the society finally would embrace individual differences not just with the academic achievements and value more on moral attentions and considerations. Therefore, this study proves the positive effects of catholic schools on both sides of education, intellectuality and whole-person which lead students to form community spiritualities in chapter 2. Then it will search the identity and the role of catholic schools based on the church literature to examine the beneficial influences of catholic schools and of both internal and external evangelisation work on bringing students of abilities. Catholic Church aims to enhance students to understand the effectiveness of welfare through catholic schools. It also tries for students to be prepared to proffer services and to be an apostolate role-model who is able to extend God’s world. Catholic Church emphases education not only through catholic schools but also with homes (parents), nations (societies) and churches all together. Church accents on the notion that every party should be a part of forming and developing right values and intellectual abilities of students to bring religiously faithful individuals to the society. In other words, the whole-person education should be delivered based on the Christian spiritualities to shape an individual who can serve a local evangelisation. This is to actualise the identity of catholic schools. The main educational purpose of the catholic schools is to form Christian individuals who have upright characters by focusing on educational efforts and Christian spiritualities. As mentioned this can be accomplished by educational programmes that are designed to build an upright character and self-actualisation and to fulfil right social duties along with the eligible catholic educators who are evangelised. It is believed when the educators to precedently be sincere and faithful in everyday lives of theirs’, schools would be filled with the evangelical spirits such as love and liberality. This is the key notion of catholic churches’ educational policy through the catholic schools. Catholic schools should seek for educational methods through catholic ideals, but it should be well-balanced in accordance with the Korean and church’s law as well as the public educational issues. Thus, in chapter 3 followings are discussed; first, the reality of catholic middle- and high- schools’ educational state, the history and the current conditions of Daegu Archdiocese’s catholic education, focused on the interviews with clergies and religious who are dispatched to catholic middle- and high-schools in Daegu. Statistically, there are 1.5% catholic middle- and high-schools in Korea, there are eight catholic schools in Daegu where happens to be the most schools out of all dioceses followed by the most of faculties and students. Among faculties, 71.2% are catholic believers where students only are 18.2%. This may show the severe needs of both internal and external evangelic missionaries. Schools applied to the research have shown diverse educational programmes by clergies and religious. Schools are to consolidate the existence of themselves along with their identities, whole-person and character shaping programmes which are built with the catholic spiritualities. By doing so, students can form upright personalities and become suitable individuals to evangelized in local communities. In order to accomplish this, it is important all members of a school to have inner catholic values. For example, teachers who seem to spend the most time with students be crucial in terms of shaping students inner completion of evangelization. Thus, clergies and religious who are dispatched to schools have to perform a certain role not only as a missionary but also as an evangelic role model for teachers. However, their efforts do not seem to be enough, every home, nation (society), and church should play it together to actualise and to make students’ dreams come true by establishing a solid identity of catholic schools. These efforts might support the identity establishment of catholic schools are proposed. As mentioned, it is vital for catholic schools’ own attempts as well as the local bishop’s support. Supports from the bishop can lead to a proactive pastoral with fostering trained or specialised priests for school pastorals. This can be flourished with the supports from the associate parties. Catholic Church and schools should priory take care of the poor who have been abandoned from love and supports with a firm plan to educate those students. Students classified with by the law should be selected and provided satisfactory supports both mentally and economically. Also, catholic schools should develop their own teaching methods to enhance the unique features of catholic schools. For instance, programmes like building characters, community spirits, preventative disciplines, reading comprehensions, underachiever cares, career shaping, life respects and so on. As a matter of fact, schools have applied those programmes to their curriculums in Daegu. This should be continuously managed by certain stages of planning, executing, and measuring. Despite the fact that catholic schools cannot completely ignore the Korean educational territories like examinations, schools should find a balance in between by accepting intellectual education for the whole. Consequently, this study suggests “AMOS gospel share” and “community response” programmes from small community program. These Christian gatherings can solve those issues with a perspective of evangelization. In the programmes, students can be taught that other students are companions who we have to love rather than competitors. These efforts are to flourish the humane relationship with the God and to fulfil the love with one other, consequently, to help students to be mature social individuals. In sum, this research suggests right directions for catholic schools to proceed in order to actualise the adequate identity in public education boundaries by giving catholic thoughts and literatures. Secondly, this study examines the current conditions of whole-person education as well as the personality shaping education of catholic middle- and high-school in Daegu such as Daegun and Hyosung Middle Schools and Daegun and Hyosung Girls’ High schools. Lastly, it recommends the efforts to helps students to have Christian spirituality to embrace the evangelization based on the interview with clergies and religious.
본 연구는 대구광역시의 구도심을 재생시키고 이와 연계해 상권을 활성화 시키기 위해 도심상권 활성화 방안을 구체적으로 제시했다. 이 연구를 위해 국내의 도심의 쇠퇴양상을 알아보고 쇠퇴 원인을 구체적으로 분석한 뒤 도심상권 활성화의 필요성을 연구했다. 외국의 도심활성화 제도와 우리나라 주요 도시의 도심활성화 사례를 탐구했다. 또 대구 도심의 변화를 통계 중심으로 알아보고 대구광역시 도심상권별 특징을 연구했다. 이어 상권별 유동인구 변화를 알아보고 대구광역시 도심과 그 이외의 지역과의 임대료를 비교해 대구광역시 도심의 쇠퇴 심각성을 탐구했다. 마지막으로 이론적 고찰과 선행연구 등을 통해서 추출된 각 요인들과 설문을 통해서 얻어진 결론을 구조방정식 모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석은 다음과 같은 실험결과를 나타내고 있다. 첫째, 쾌적성은 방문빈도에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설은 본 연구에서는 채택되지 못하였다. ‘중앙로 대중교통전용지구 조성’ ‘상가 건물상태와 간판 정비’ ‘휴게공간 및 시설물 정비’ ‘편안하고 안전한 보행로’ ‘점포와 가로의 개방성과 청소상태’ ‘시가지가 청결하고 깨끗함’ 등은 소비자들의 방문빈도를 증가시키는데 영향을 미친다는 것을 입증할 수가 없었다. 둘째, 상징성은 방문빈도에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 가설은 본 연구에서는 채택되지 못하였다. ‘남다른 추억이 있어서’ ‘끌리는 느낌이 있어서’ ‘역사적으로 유래가 깊은 곳이어서’ ‘대구시에서 가장 땅 값이 비싼 곳이어서’ 등은 소비자들의 방문빈도를 증가시키는데 영향을 미친다는 것을 입증할 수가 없었다. 셋째. 접근성이 좋으면 방문빈도를 증가시키는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ‘도로와 주차장 이용이 편리해서’ ‘집에서나 직장이 가까워서’ ‘방문자 주차공간이 확충돼 있어서’ ‘특징있는 보행로 조성이 잘돼 있어서’ ‘만나는 사람들과의 거리가 가까워서’ ‘점포와 가로의 기능적 연계가 잘돼 있어서’ ‘횡단보도의 수나 위치가 잘돼 있어서’ 등이 방문빈도에 영향을 미친다는 것이 입증됐다. 넷째. 선택성이 좋으면 소비자들의 도심상권 방문빈도를 증가시키는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ‘상인들이 친절해서’ ‘타 지역보다 상품 가격이 저렴해서’ ‘타 지역보다 상품의 품질이 우수해서’ ‘상인들을 신뢰할 수 있어서’ ‘독특한 물건을 파는 가게나 다양한 노점상이 있어서’ ‘상품 구매에 만족도가 높아서’ 등이 방문빈도에 영향을 미친다는 것이 입중됐다. 다섯째. 편리성이 좋으면 소비자들의 도심상권 방문빈도를 증가시키는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ‘동일 업종이 많이 모여 있어서’ ‘상가 아케이드나 테마 상가 조성이 잘돼 있어서’ ‘신용카드 사용이 잘 돼서’ ‘다양한 업종이 분포돼 있어서’ ‘공영주차장 확충이 잘돼 있어서’ ‘유명 브랜드가 많아서’ 등이 방문빈도에 영향을 미친다는 것이 입증됐다. 여섯째, 특화성이 좋으면 소비자들의 도심상권방문을 증가시키는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ‘지역의 오랜 문화공간이 자리 잡고 있어서’ ‘축제 등 다양한 이벤트행사가 많아서’ ‘특성있는 야간경관이 조성돼 있어서’ ‘지역을 대표하는 상품이 있어서’ ‘정기적인 문화예술이벤트 행사가 개최돼서’ ‘상품가격 관리시스템 도입이 잘돼 있어서’ ‘판매 문화 업무 등 복합 건축물이 많아서’ 등이 방문빈도에 영향을 미친다는 것이 입증됐다. 실증연구를 통해서 나타난 도심상권 활성화에 대한 정책대안으로 첫째, 도심상권의 접근성을 높이기 위해서는 차량접근을 보다 쉽게 하든지 대중교통 이용을 활성화시켜야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 환승교통수단과 공공기관 등지의 주차공간을 확보해야 하고 보행로 정비와 횡단보도 개설도 추진되어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 상인들 친절도와 신뢰도를 향상시키고 타 상권보다 품질이 우수하고 저렴한 상품을 판매해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 상점의 개성이 독특해야 하고 쇼윈도 등 볼거리도 많아야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다양한 노점상도 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 비교 구매가 가능해야 하고 상가 아케이드나 테마 상가조성 등이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 신용카드 사용이나 반품이 원활하고 인터넷 쇼핑지원, 고객 관리시스템 도입이 잘돼 있어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 전통있는 문화공간이나 구심점이 되는 랜드마크가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 축제 등 다양한 이벤트나 먹거리, 볼거리는 물론 특색있는 야간경관 조성이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. This study specifically suggested activating measures to regenerate the old city of Daegu and to promote commercial rights in connection with it. For this study, the government studied the need to revitalize the downtown area after looking into the declining trend of the city center in Korea and analyzing the cause of the decline in detail. It explored foreign urban revitalization systems and cases of revitalization of major cities in Korea. In addition, the research center focused on the changes in downtown Daegu and studied the characteristics of the downtown area of Daegu. It then looked into changes in the floating population by commercial districts and explored the seriousness of the decline in downtown Daegu by comparing rental fees with those in the city center and other areas. Finally, each factor extracted from theoretical considerations and prior studies, and the conclusions obtained from the questionnaire, were analyzed using a structural equation model.The empirical analysis shows the following test results.First, the hypothesis that comfort will affect visit frequency was not adopted in this study. The creation of "Central Street Public Transport Zone," "Standard Improvement of Commercial Buildings and Signs," "Relaying Space and Facilities Maintenance," "Comfort and Safe Walkway," "Openness and Cleanliness of Stores and Streets" and "Clean and Clean City" could not prove to have an impact on increasing frequency of visits by consumers.Second, the hypothesis that symbolism will affect visit frequency was not adopted in this study. "Because I had different memories," "I felt drawn," "I had a deep sense of historic origin," and "Because the land is the most expensive place in Daegu City," they could not prove that it has an impact on increasing the frequency of visits by consumers.Third, good accessibility has been shown to affect the increase in visitor frequency. Because roads and parking lots are convenient to use, visitors' parking spaces are expanded, and the distance from people who meet is close to people who visit has good characteristics, and because of good store and street connection, it has been proved that the frequency of visits has an effect. Fourth. Good selectivity has been shown to affect the increase in the number of visits by consumers in the downtown areas. It was said that merchants were kind, that the quality of their products was better than other regions, that they could trust merchants, that they had shops selling unique goods or various street vendors, and that they were more satisfied with the purchase of the products. Fifth, good convenience has been shown to affect the increase in the frequency of consumers' visits to downtown areas. Because many businesses from the same day business are gathered, and because the use of credit cards is good, various businesses are distributed, and because there are many famous brands, it has been proven that the frequency of visits is affected. Sixth, good characterization has been shown to affect the increase in the number of consumer visits to downtown areas. Because there are many cultural events in the area, such as festivals, and other events, there are many unique night views, and because there are products representing the region, regular cultural and artistic events were held, and because there are many buildings that are well equipped with a product price management system, such as sales and cultural affairs, etc., the visit frequency was proved to be affected. As a policy alternative to activating downtown areas through empirical research, firstly, it has been shown that access to vehicles should be made easier or the use of public transportation should be activated in order to enhance accessibility to downtown areas. Parking spaces in transit transportation means and public institutions should be secured, while pedestrian road maintenance and crosswalk opening should also be pursued, the report showed.Second, it was found that merchants should improve their kindness and credibility and sell goods that are of superior quality and cheaper than other commercial districts. It turns out that the individuality of the store should be unique and that there should be many things to see such as show window. Various street vendors were also needed.Third, it was found that comparative purchases should be made available and that a commercial arcade or a theme store should be created. It is found that credit card use or return should be smooth and Internet shopping support and customer management system should be well introduced.Fourth, it was found that traditional cultural spaces or landmarks were needed. Various events such as festivals, food and attractions, as well as special night views are needed, according to the report.
도시의 성장 및 발전과 함께 도시를 관통하는 철도노선을 교외지역으로 이설하는 사례가 증가하고 있으며 이에 따라 전국적으로 이용되지 않는 철도폐선부지도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 철도폐선부지는 공원, 놀이시설, 역사·문화시설로 활용되고 있는 가운데 대도시의 경우 공원화가 보편적인 대안이 되고 있다. 그리고 일부 도시에서는 단순한 공원의 기능을 넘어 도시재생측면에서 이를 활용하고 있다. 철도폐선부지 공원은 선형적인 특징으로 인해 그 지역의 주민들과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 많은 사람들이 이용하며 휴식 및 여가생활을 즐기는 공간이다. 따라서 철도폐선부지 선형공원은 공원으로의 기능 강화가 필요 할 뿐만 아니라 도시재생의 새로운 수단으로 활용하여 지역민의 삶의 질 향상과 지역의 경쟁력을 확보할 필요가 있다. 최근 대구도 대구선이 교외로 이설 된 후 도심에 방치된 철도폐선부지를 공원으로 조성하였다. 공원 조성 후 많은 사람들이 이용하고 있지만 공원 내 시설에 대한 사후 활용 계획이 없고 시설관리가 소흘한 등의 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 철도폐선부지를 공원으로 조성한 대구선공원을 대상으로 대구선공원의 개선과 지역의 재생 및 지역 활성화를 위한 시사점을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 대구선공원 이용자들을 대상으로 물리·환경적 측면, 기능적 측면, 역사·문화적 측면 등 도시재생측면에서 이용자들의 인식을 설문조사를 통해 분석하였다. 이용자들의 인식을 분석한 결과 대구선공원의 개선과 지역재생 및 지역 활성화를 위한 시사점을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 대구선공원 기본적인 역할을 강화 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 공원 내 운동시설을 제외한 공중화장실, 음수대 등 다양한 편의시설을 확충할 필요가 있으며 하천을 활용하여 쾌적성을 높일 필요가 있다. 또한 CCTV 및 야간조명을 확충하여 우범지대를 최소화 하여 안전성을 높일 필요가 있을 것이다. 둘째, 지역의 재생을 위해 커뮤니티와 문화를 활성화 할 필요가 있다. 이벤트 및 캠페인 등 다양한 방법을 통해 소통을 활성화 하고 공연 및 전시 등의 개최로 문화를 활성화 하여 관광객 증대와 고용효과를 통해 경제적 재생도 불러 일으킬 필요가 있을 것이다. 셋째, 지역 활성화를 위해 지역의 정체성을 확보해야 할 필요가 있다. 대구선공원의 랜드마크적 기능과 공원 내 옛 철도역사와 같은 역사적 건물 및 자연을 활용하여 도시의 상징성을 강화해야 한다. 이를 통해 지역민의 삶을 문화적으로 더욱 풍요롭게 함으로써, 대구지역의 활성화를 가져 올 수 있을 것이다. With urban development and growth, the number of intra-urban railroad tracks removed to suburban areas has increased, which results in a rise in abandoned rail yards in Korea. These abandoned rail yards are adaptively reused as parks, playground facilities, and historical or cultural facilities. In metropolitan cities, the abandoned rail yards are frequently used as parks. Some cities have developed such parks with an emphasis on urban regeneration rather than simple functional reuse. Reused rail-yard parks have close relationships with local residents due to their linear-form characteristics. These parks aim at providing residents and visitors with better rest and quality of life. Therefore, reused linear rail-yard parks need not only enhance their functions as parks but also improve the quality of the resident's life and the competitiveness of the region. Since the Daegu line was removed to the suburbs, the city of Daegu has built a park on the abandoned rail yard. Numerous people have been using the park since the park was built, but problems like insufficient management plans for more sustainable use have also emerged. Hence, this study selected the Daegu Seon Park as a representative reused rail-yard park to be analyzed and aimed to provide implications for urban regeneration as well as its functional improvement. In this regard, the present study analyzed the perceptions of its users from the viewpoints of urban regeneration, including physical and environmental perspectives, functional perspective, and cultural and historical perspectives. From its analyses, the present study draws the following implications regarding the improvement of Daegu Seon Park and urban regeneration. First, the fundamental role of the Daegu Seon Park should be reinforced. In support for such a role, diverse amenities and facilities such as public restrooms and drinking fountains are to be additionally installed. The riverside itself needs to be more adaptively reused to enhance the comfort of residents and visitors. More night illuminations and CCTVs must be installed to minimize crime-ridden districts in order to maximize local safety. Second, local community and culture need to be simultaneously revitalized for urban regeneration. The communication among local community members can be enhanced through diverse plans such as events and campaigns, while cultural milieu can be fostered through enlarging opportunities for performance and exhibition, which will result in economic regeneration with an increase in tourists and employment. Third, local identity should also be made in harmony with urban revitalization. The function of the Daegu Seon Park as a landmark, historic buildings like old train stations, and its natural environments need to be adaptively revitalized to reinforce the symbolic identity of the city. Through this planning effort toward the cultural regeneration by which the city of Daegu can be revitalized, better citizen's life is more likely to be realized.
도시경관 기록화사업을 위한 민간사진기록 수집 활성화 방안 : 대구광역시를 중심으로
신지원 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사
Since Korea was drastically transformed into an industrial country, many cities’ views in Korea have changed. In this progress of city development, the previous views of the old city have perished even though the development progress of the city is an important part of local history. Photographic records capturing changes of a city are vital parts of local history archives. Historical photographs of city landscape can build the spirit of community or attract researchers’ attention on the city history. They were, however, not collected for the local history archives properly even by local governments. Therefore, as a solution for this problem, seven major cities (Seoul, Incheon, Gwangju, Ulsan, Daejeon, Busan and Daegu) initiated the urban landscape recording project for archiving photographic records of each city. This study aims to identify the current status of the urban landscape recording project and suggests solutions for the Daegu metropolitan city’s urban landscape recording project to improve the acquisition methods of photographic records. The progress and achievement of each project are compared and analyzed in this study. As a result, this study identifies the problems of the urban landscape recording projects and Daegu metropolitan city’s project as follows: First, all seven metropolitan and provincial governments, including Daegu metropolitan city do not have a donation process for collecting private photographic records. Especially, Daegu metropolitan city is a representative modern city that has grown into a center of commerce, education, religion, and industry since Japanese colonial era, but it hasn’t provided a proper donating process for important photographic records of Daegu citizens. Unfortunately, many important historical records of Daegu are faced with the perishment issue. According to the investigation of this study, Daegu metropolitan city urban landscape recording project archived only hold some of the contest photos and few old photos from the local government. A proper donating process is urgently needed to preserve valuable photographic records of Daegu. Second, photographic records of the Daegu metropolitan city urban landscape recording project lack metadata to provide information about the photo. While the Seoul Metropolitan Government's photo records provide detailed information such as a title, location, shooting location, code number, collection, source, shooting location, and direction, the Daegu metropolitan city urban landscape recording project archive provides only basic information on the photo title, size, introduction and location. An appropriate metadata set should be suggested for archiving historical urban city photographs. Third, the Daegu metropolitan city urban landscape recording project archive does not have a proper platform such as a web site or a mobile application for photograph donation. It is not easy for Daegu citizens to donate their own photographs even though they are interested in archiving local historical records. Absence of donating platform results in poor amount of photographic records in urban landscape recording project archive of Daegu metropolitan city. Daegu is urgent to establish photograph donating platform to improve the acquisition process for the photographic records archive. In order to solve the above problems, the followings are suggested in this study to improve the collection of photographic records in the Daegu metropolitan city urban landscape recording project: First, this study suggests two processes of donation. One is for a donator and the other is for an archive manager. Once a donator submits photographs with basic metadata, an archive manager examined the donated photographs and metadata. Once the donated photographs are approved, the archive manager adds administrative metadata and puts them into the archive. Furthermore, this study proposed a photograph donating contest as one of acquisition methods to expand the archive coverage. Second, a metadata set is presented as metadata of Daegu metropolitan city's urban landscape photographs. It consists of 26 metadata elements. 14 elements are suggested as user level metadata which are submitted by users. 12 elements are manager level metadata which are described by an archive manager. Third, as a result of analyzing other cities’ projects and other participatory archive web sites, this study proposed a photograph donating platform. The proposed platform are divided into two levels: citizen-participatory platform and a manager-processing platform. The 14 metadata elements of user level are applied to the citizen-participatory platform and 12 metadata elements of manage level are applied to the manager-processing platform. This study achieves to suggest a plan to improve the archive of Daegu metropolitan city urban landscape recording project including donating process, photographic records metadata set for donating process, and designs of donating platform pages.