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Flower Color and Scent: How to Regulate the Flower Color and Fragrance in Ornamentals?
Eun-ah Joh,Ha-seung Pak,Geung-Joo Lee 한국화훼학회 2020 화훼연구 Vol.28 No.4
화훼류 중 절화류의 화색과 향기 특성을 조절하는 것은 주 요한 육종 목표로써 인지되어 왔다. 최근 다양한 소비자 계층이 증가하면서 파란색 장미, 카네이션 등과 같은 특이화색이 라든지, 독특한 향기를 갖고 있거나 그 강도를 조절하고자 하 는 연구방향 또한 다양해졌다. 그러나 이것은 일반적으로 수 행하고 있는 교배방식으로는 특정 목표형질을 가진 품종을 개 발하기란 쉽지가 않다. 그래서 화색과 향기와 관련한 형질을 조절할 수 있는 유전공학적인 방법뿐만 아니라 다방면의 연구 가 진행되어 왔다. 이는 화색과 향기의 관련 식물 대사산물을 생산 하는 것을 비롯하여 유전공학적인 방법으로 조절하는 방 식 등 여러 가지 방법이 있다. 많은 예 중에 화훼작물의 화색 과 향기를 조절한 성공한 사례를 바탕으로 어떻게 하면 우리 가 원하는 방향에 가까운 화색과 향기의 특정 형질을 만들어 낼 수 있을지에 대해 정리해보고자 하였고, 이러한 것들은 잘 응용하여 추후 좀 더 많은 화색과 향기를 만들어낼 수 있는 전략을 수립하는 데 도움이 되고자 한다. In diverse ornamentals, flower color and fragrance traits have been recognized as major attractive elements in plant breeding purposes. Many consumers want more specific things such as blue rose and carnation in color and unique smell in fragrance. However, these are impossible to develop by traditional breeding tools without available genetic resources carrying these alleles. We studied broad technological methods that have been used to control the multiple traits with regards to flower color and fragrance production. Phytochemicals related to color and fragrance are produced by epigenetic regulation and various genetic factors in the biosynthesis pathways. In this review, we summarized different knowledge about the components biosynthesis pathway and how to control them to make wide ranges of flower color or fragrance. More research outcomes for improving flower color or fragrance through various advanced technologies in the future are thought to be reported.
Kim, Jin-Don,Bae, Hyung-Sup,Joh, Ki-Ho,Kim, Young-Suk,Lee, Kyung-Sup,Park, Eun-Kyung,Bae, Eun-Ah,Kim, Dong-Hyun The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 2000 Natural Product Sciences Vol.6 No.1
To analyse scientifically the fundamental formulation theory and drug interaction of Chungpegagan-tang, the extraction level of puerarin and daidzin, the transforming activity of puerarin and daidzin to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria and in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines of Chungpesagan-tang were investigated. When Puerariae Radix was extracted with Chungpesagan-tang composing herbal medicines, the puerarin extraction level from these polyprescriptions was decreased by the extraction with Raphani Semen or Cimicifugae Rhizoma, but the other herbal medicines increased it. The activity transforming puerarin and daidzin to daidzein by human intestinal bacteria was increased by Raphani Semen, Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix, but decreased by Scutellariae Radix and Rhei Rhizoma. Puerariae Radix did not showed in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines. However, by its anaerobic incubation with human intestinal bacteria, it showed a potent cytotoxicity. When the main components, puerarin and daidzin, of Puerariae Radix were incubated with human intestinal bacteria, the main metabolites were daidzein and calycosin. These metabolites had the most potent cytotoxicity, compared to those of puerarin and daidzin. Raphani Semen, Rhei Rhizoma and Chungpesagan-tang had also the potent cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines by the anaerobic incubation with human intestinal bacteria.
Byung Jong Kang,Hyung Sup Bae,Ki Ho Joh,Young Suk Kim,Kyung Sup Lee,Eun Kyung Park,Eun Ah Bae,Dong Hyun Kim 한국생약학회 2000 Natural Product Sciences Vol.6 No.4
In vitro cytotoxic activities of cisplatin combined with Chungpesagan-tang or puerarin, which were treated with or without human intestinal bacteria, were measured. When cisplatin was combined with Chungpesagan-tang and its ingredient treated without intestinal bacteria, they did not affect the in vitro cytotoxicity of cisplatin against tumor cell lines. However, when cisplatin was combined with intestinal bacteria-treated Chungpesagan-tang and its ingredients, the cytotoxicities against SNU C4, L1210, A549 and P388 tumor cell lines were synergistically increased. Puerarin, which was isolated from Puerariae Radix, did not show in vitro cytotoxicity. However, its metabolite, daidzein, showed potent cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines and was synergistic by the combined usage of cisplatin. These results suggest that natural glycosides are not only prodrugs which can be transformed to active compounds by intestinal microflora, but the combined usage of cisplatin with natural components, such as daidzein, and herbal medicinal polyprescriptions, such as Chungpesagan-tang, may be a new method for prevention and minimization of the toxicity of cisplatin.