감염 B 형 바이러스의 pre - S2 부위를 code 하는 DNA 서열의 대장균내 발현

최영철,김지영,유명희,한문희 ( Young Chul Choi,Ji Young Kim,Myeong Hee Yu,Moon H . Han ) 생화학분자생물학회 1986 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.4

A DNA sequence involving pre-S2 region of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was inserted between ompF and lacZ gene of the plasmid pORF1 to give a recombinant plasmid pHBSC20. In the plasmid pHBSC20 harboring E. coli TK1046 cells, a $quot;tribrid$quot; protein with the translation product of the insert sandwiched between OmpF and β-galactosidase was produced. The fusion protein was detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the antigenicity of the pre-S2 region was determined by immunoblot analysis. The amount of the fusion protein was estimated as much as 1-596 of the total bacterial protein by densitometric scanning of the Coomassie blue-stained gel. Thus, bacteria transformed with pHBSC20 can provide abundant source of pre-S2-β-galactosidase fusion protein in which the pre-S2 region may be useful for the production of HBV vaccine.

Expression of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Gene in E. coli

최영철,김지영,유명희,한문희,Choi, Young-Chul,Kim, Ji-Young,Yu, Myeong-Hee,Han, Moon-H. 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.4

간염 B형 바이러스의 표면항원 유전자중에서 S부위, pre-S2와 S부위 그리고 $\beta$-galactosidase의 일부와 연결된 pre-S2 부위를 포함하는 세가지의 유전자 서열들을 lac promoter의 조절하에 대장균 내에서 발현시켰다. S부위를 포함하는 HBsAg 유전자가 E. coli HB101균주 내에서 지속적으로 발현될 경우에는 재조합 균주의 성장이 심하게 억제되었다. 그러나, $\alpha$-peptide ($\beta$-galactosidase의 N-말단부위)와 연결된 pre-S2 부위의 지속적인 발현은 E. coli HB101균주의 성장에 해로운 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한, pre-S2 융합단백질의 항원성은 conformation과 무관한 것으로 나타났다. 2-mercaptoethanol 또는 2-mercaptoethanol/SDS의 처리후에도 항원성이 보존되었다. Three different HBsAg sequences encoding for S region, pre-S2 plus S region, and pre-S2 fused with a portion of $\beta$-galactosidase have been expressed in E. coli under the control of lac promoter. When the S region containing HBsAg genes were expressed constitutively in E. coli HB101, the growth inhibition of recombinant cells was observed. However, the constitutive expression of pre-S2 fused with $\alpha$-peptide (N-terminal portion of $\beta$-galactosidase) was not detrimental to the E. coli HB101 cells. The antigenicity of the hybrid pre-S2 protein seems to be conformation-independent: treatment of 2-mercaptoethanol or 2-mercaptoethanol/SDS did not abolish the antigenicity.

간염 B 형 바이러스 표면항원 대장균 내 발현

최영철,김지영,유명희,한문희 ( Young Chul Choi,Ji Young Kim,Myeong Hee Yu,Moon H . Han ) 생화학분자생물학회 1986 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.4

Three different HBsAg sequences encoding for S region, pre-S2 plus S region, and pre-S2 fused with a portion of β-galactosidase have been expressed in E. coli under the control of lac promoter. When the S region containing HBsAg genes were expressed constitutively in E. coli HB101, the growth inhibition of recombinant cells was observed. However, the constitutive expression of pre-S2 fused with apeptide (N-terminal portion of β-galactosidase) was not detrimental to the E. coli HB101 cells. The antigenicity of the hybrid pre-S2 protein seems to be conformation-independent: treatment of 2-mercaptoethanol or 2-mercaptoethanol/SDS did not abolish the antigenicity.

조선후기(朝鮮後期) 감영(監營) 중심축(中心軸)의 구성(構成)과 직제별(職制別) 상관성(相關性)에 관한 연구(硏究)

최영철,박언곤,Choi, Young-Chul,Park, Eon-Kon 한국건축역사학회 1994 건축역사연구 Vol.3 No.2

The KAMYOUNG is the supreme local government office in CHOSEON dynasty. This study aims to propose the new methodology on research of local government office's prototype in CHOSEON dynasty. Especially this study is the zoning plan of the KAMYOUNG in the late CHOSEON dynasty, It is meant to present the first trial that pursue to total frame of local government in CHOSEON dynasty through the new methodology. The 18th century is the transitional era when the system of norm was deconstructed. The institution and organization of the supreme lacal government office(KAMYOUNG) was united nationwidely and at the same time its deconstruction was carried out in the 18th century. The domain of the governer has fixed in the 18th century, though the scale of 街e KAMYOUNG was enlarged. These domain expressed a strong symbolization according to hierarchy in exterior appearance of the traditional architecture. With the entire execution of a local government coming soon, the concerns about the localization have been increased rapidly. Under this time situation, as the discussion centered on the creation or change of the local self-governing community, so the concerns regarding the traditional aspects of a local government office have been increasing. Hower, without the recognition of this history, as the research of these existing historical materials has been progressed, so the misunderstanding is still left. Especially, because the government office of CHOSEON is a Confucian nation thinking much of a hierarchy based on Yae - Jae, the hierarchy of this architecture has a deep correlation with the organization of an office. The method of this study is like following: Firstly, prescribed characteristic of KAMYOUNG tough syudys of hierarchy in a local government system, human and material composition. secondly, as the changing progress of KAMYOUNG is compared and analyzed with organization of an office in the center. So characteristics of KAMYOUNG are abstracted. And finally, from this, the interpretation methodology of KAMYOUNG is revealed, with a deep correlation between specific characters of organization and architectural structurals. And also, with these methodologies, the interpretation method of the local government office and normative frame in CHOSEON dynasty are suggested.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fully Aromatic Polyazomethines with Cyano Functional Group

최영철,이상훈,김민수,류경문,이상철,정영규,Choi, Young Chul,Lee, Sang Hoon,Kim, Min Su,Ryu, Kyoung Moon,Lee, Sang Cheol,Jeong, Young Gyu The Korean Fiber Society 2018 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.55 No.2

We herein report the preparation and characterization of a new type of fully aromatic polyazomethines (PAMs) with the cyano functional group. For synthesizing this compound, two homopolymers, poly(nitrilo-2-cyano-1,4-phenylenenitrilomethine-1,3-phenylenemethine) (mPAM) and poly(nitrilo-2-cyano-1,4-phenylenenitrilomethine-1,4-phenylenemethine) (pPAM) and their copolymers, poly[(nitrilo-2-cyano-1,4-phenylenenitrilomethine-1,4-phenylenemethine)-co-(nitrilo-2-cyano-1,4-phenylenenitrilomethine-1,3-phenylenemethine)]s (coPAMs), were synthesized via the polycondensation of terephthalaldehyde (TPA), isophthalaldehyde (IPA), and 2-cyano-1,4-phenylenediamine (cyPPD) monomers in an $NMP/CaCl_2$ solvent system. The $^1H-NMR$ and FT-IR spectra confirmed that all the aromatic PAMs were successfully synthesized and that the output compositions of coPAMs were almost identical to the relative input composition of TPA and IPA to cyPPD. mPAM, with a nonlinear meta-phenylene moiety, exhibited good solubility in organic solvents such as NMP, DMSO, and DMAc, while pPAM and coPAMs were partially soluble in those solvents owing to the rigid para-phenylene moiety in the main chains. Accordingly, unlike mPAM, pPAM and coPAMs were semicrystalline, as revealed by their X-ray diffraction patterns. Interestingly, the peak decomposition temperatures ($667-769^{\circ}C$) in air were higher than those ($452-594^{\circ}C$) in nitrogen, although the residues (74-81%) at $800^{\circ}C$ in nitrogen were far higher than those (16-47%) in air.

STS 학습 프로그램 적용이 실업계 고등학생들의 과학 성취도 및 태도에 미치는 효과

최영철,윤일희,Choi, Young-Chul,Yoon, Ill-Hee 한국지구과학회 2001 한국지구과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 STS 학습 프로그램의 적용이 실업계 고등학생의 과학과 관련된 태도에 미치는 효과를 찾는 것이다. 이를 위하여 고등학교 ‘공통 과학’ 중 지구과학 영역을 선택하였고, STS 학습 프로그램을 1년 간 경북 구미시의 실업고등학교 2학년 여학생 6개반(318명)을 대상으로 하여 교수-학습에 적용하였다. 이런 과정에서 STS 학습 프로그램에 필요한 학습 보조 자료들도 개발하여 활용하였다. 그 결과 STS 학습 프로그램의 적용 후가 적용 전보다는 학생들의 과학 성취도 및 태도에 긍정적인 효과를 나타낸 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the STS program on vocational high school students' science-related attitudes. In order to examine, we selected the content of instructions at the Earth Science content in the "Common Science" and applied the STS program for one year to the second grade students of six classes (N = 318) in a girls high school located in Kumi City, Kyungpook, Korea. For this study, we developed the instructional methods and then applied to the STS program. The result of this study revealed that the STS program on students' science achievement and attitudes were effective.

수중음향통신 링크 해석

최영철,변성훈,임용곤,Choi, Young-Chol,Byun, Sung-Hoon,Lim, Yong-Kon 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.8

수중음향통신 링크는 육상에서의 통신 링크와 비교했을 때, 물과 공기라는 매질의 차이, 음파와 전자기파라는 전달 파의 차이로 인하여 링크 해석에 있어서 수중음향통신 환경 고유의 특성을 고려한 링크 해석이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 수중에서 음파를 이용한 무선통신의 매질로서 바다 속을 경로 손실, 흡음, 환경 잡음 측면에서 수중음향통신 링크 예산 수립에 적합하도록 음향학 기반의 지식을 해석하고 고찰하였다. 우리나라 연안에서의 흡음 계수 및 잡음 레벨에 대해서 분석하고 흡음 계수 및 잡음 레벨을 고려한 수중음향통신 주파수 대역 선정 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, 수중음향채널 링크 해석 결과의 적용 예로서 수중음향통신 시스템에서 널리 사용되고 있는 주파수 대역 중에서 25kHz 중심 주파수를 사용하고 전송 속도 10kbps, 목표 전달 거리 1km, 목표 비트 오율 $10^{-3}$인 QPSK 수중음향통신 시스템의 천해 동작환경을 고려한 이상적인 AWGN 환경에서의 링크 예산 수립 예를 보였다. The electro-magnetic wave propagates through the air in the terrestrial communications, but the acoustic wave propagates through the seawater in the underwater acoustic communication(UAC). It makes the differences between the UAC link and the well hon air communication links. In this paper, we have studied path loss, absorption and ambient noise of the ocean as a medium for UAC. We have analyzed the absorption coefficient and ambient noise level of the coastal area of South Korea and suggested a strategy for the selection of the frequency band by considering the absorption coefficient and ambient noise level. Also, we present an illustrative example of a link budget for the QPSK UAC system which has carrier frequency 25kHz, bit rate 10kbps, range 1km and BER $10^{-3}$ in the shallow water environment with an ideal AWGN assumption.

Survey on Insect Fauna and Role of Insect Gardens for Ecotourism

최영철,김종길,최지영,김원태,박해철,황석조,정길상,Choi, Young-Cheol,Kim, Jong-Gill,Choi, Ji-Young,Kim, Won-Tae,Park, Hae-Chul,Hwang, Seok-Jo,Jeong, Gil-Sang Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2009 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.48 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate insect fauna in the four insect garden sites of Suwon, Yeongyang, Buyeo and Yecheon from 2005 to 2007. Seasonal population size of insects was largest from June to August in all the four sites. In the four sites, Coleopteran insects were dominant followed by Hemiptera and Orthoptera. Unique education/learning programs are successfully run at the insect gardens based on the three geographic types (i.e. urban, mountainous and rural). These activities will help preserve insect biodiversity in the area and visitors better understand life forms such as insects found in the areas. 본 연구는 2005년부터 2007년까지 수원, 영양, 부여와 예천의 곤충 생태원 부지에서 곤충강의 다양성을 조사하였다. 월별 곤충 개체군 크기는 6월부터 8월에 네 조사구역 모두에서 가장 컸다. 전체적으로 딱정벌레목의 곤충이 가장 많이 채집되었으며, 노린재목과 메뚜기목의 곤충이 뒤를 이었다. 각 곤충생태원은 지리적 특색에 맞는 고유한 교육프로그램을 운영하고 있었다. 이러한 연구와 생태원의 활동은 그 지역의 곤충과 같은 생물의 다양성을 보존하고 관람객에게 인식시키는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

가상 위치 도움 GAODV 라우팅 프로토콜

최영철,Choi, Youngchol 한국정보통신학회 2017 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.21 No.9

GAODV는 목적지의 위치 정보를 이용하여 경로 요청 패킷이 유니캐스트 방식으로 전달되도록 할 수 있지만, GAODV는 목적지의 위치 정보를 알 수 있는 경우에만 활용 가능하다는 제약이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 목적지의 이동에 따른 위치의 불확실성을 완화시킬 수 있는 가상 목적지 도움 GAODV(Virtual Destination Aided GAODV(VDA-GAODV))를 제안한다. 제안하는 VDA-GAODV는, 알려진 목적지 위치를 이용하지 않고, 소스와 목적지를 연결하는 선상에 위치하는 가상의 위치로 경로 요청 패킷이 전달되도록 한다. 경로 요청 패킷 재방송이 목적지가 이동 가능한 영역을 되도록 많이 커버할 수 있도록 하는 최적 가상 위치를 도출한다. VDA-GAODV는, 알려진 목적지 위치를 중심으로 하는 1-hop 통신 영역의 95 % 영역을 경로 요청 패킷 전달 과정에서 커버 가능하며, 이것은 기존 GAODV보다 23 % 향상된 것이다. The route request (RREQ) packet of the GAODV is propagated in a unicast-manner using the location of the destination, but the application of the GAODV is restricted by the assumption for the known destination's location. In this paper, we propose a virtual destination aided GAODV (VDA-GAODV) that alleviates the uncertainty of the destination's location due to the mobility. Instead of the known location of the destination, the VDA-GAODV disseminates a RREQ packet to an imaginary location on the line connecting the source and the destination. We derive an optimal imaginary destination that makes RREQ rebroadcasts cover the possible locations of the destination as much as possible. The VDA-GAODV enables the RREQ propagation to cover 95 % of the one-hop communication area centered at the originally known location of the destination, which is larger than that of the original GAODV by 23 %.

Expression of a DNA Sequence Encoding for the Pre-S2 Region of Hepatitis B Virus in E. coli

최영철,김지영,유명희,한문희,Choi, Young-Chul,Kim, Ji-Young,Yu, Myeong-Hee,Han, Moon-H. 생화학분자생물학회 1986 한국생화학회지 Vol.19 No.4

간염 B형 바이러스의 pre-S2 부위를 포함하는 DNA 서열을 pORF1 플라스미드의 ompF와 lacZ 유전자 사이에 끼워 넣어 pHBSC20 재조합 플라스미드를 제조하였다. 플라스미드 pHBSC20를 갖는 E. coli TK1046 균주내에서 OmpF와 $\beta$-galactosidase사이에 pre-S2 부위를 갖는 "tribrid" 단백질이 생성되었다. 이 융합단백질은 SDS-polyacrylamide gel 전기영동에 의해 확인되었고 pre-S2 부위의 항원성은 immunoblot 분석방법에 의해 확인되었다. 융합단백질의 양은 Coomassie blue로 염색한 gel을 densitometer로 측정한 결과 전체 박테리아 단백질중 1-5%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 pHBSC20 플라스미드를 갖는 박테리아는 pre-S2-$\beta$-galactosidase 융합 단백질을 다량 만들어 낼 수 있으며 이 중에서 pre-S2 부위는 HBV 백신을 생산하는데 유용할 것으로 보인다. A DNA sequence involving pre-S2 region of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was inserted between ompF and lacZ gene of the plasmid pORF1 to give a recombinant plasmid pHBSC20. In the plasmid pHBSC20 harboring E. coli TK1046 cells, a "tribrid" protein with the translation product of the insert sandwiched between OmpF and $\beta$-galactosidase was produced. The fusion protein was detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the antigenicity of the pre-S2 region was determined by immunoblot analysis. The amount of the fusion protein was estimated as much as 1-5% of the total bacterial protein by densitometric scanning of the Coomassie blue-stained gel. Thus, bacteria transformed with pHBSC20 can provide abundant source of pre-S2-$\beta$-galactosidase fusion protein in which the pre-S2 region may be useful for the production of HBV vaccine.