Understanding the Qualitative Nature of Product Reviews by Integrating Text Processing Algorithm and Usability Feature Extraction

체리 서울대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

Abstract The quality of a product to be usable has become the basic requirement in consumer’s perspective while failing the requirement ends up the customer from not using the product. Identifying usability issues from analyzing quantitative and qualitative data collected from usability testing and evaluation activities aids in the process of product design, yet the lack of studies and researches regarding analysis methodologies in qualitative text data of usability field inhibits the potential of these data for more useful applications. While the possibility of analyzing qualitative text data found with the rapid development of data analysis studies such as natural language processing field in understanding human language in computer, and machine learning field in providing predictive model and clustering tool. Therefore, this research aims to study the application capability of text processing algorithm in analysis of qualitative text data collected from usability activities. This research utilized datasets collected from LG neckband headset usability experiment in which the datasets consist of headset survey text data, subject’s data and product physical data. In the analysis procedure, which integrated with text-processing algorithm, the process includes training of comments onto vector space, labeling them with subject and product physical feature data, and clustering to validate the result of comment vector clustering. The result shows “Volume and music control button” as the usability feature that matches best with the cluster of comment vectors where centroid comments of a cluster emphasized on appearance and button position while centroid comments of the other cluster emphasized on the button interface issues. When the volume and music control buttons are designed separately, the participant experienced less confusion and thus the comments mentioned only about the appearance and the positions of the buttons. While in the situation where the volume and music control buttons are designed as a single button, the participants experienced the interface issues regarding the buttons such as operating methods, confusion of functions and learnability of button functions. The relevance of the cluster centroid comments with the extracted feature explained the capability of text processing algorithms in analyzing qualitative text data from usability testing and evaluations. Abstract (Korean) 제품의 특징 중에 사용성이 높아야 한다는 것은 사용자 관점에 꼭 만족하여야 하는 기본 요구가 되었다. 이 요구 사항을 만족시키지 못한 경우에는 사용자가 그 제품을 사용하지 않게 될 수도 있다. 사용성평가를 통한 정량적, 정성적인 데이터를 통해 사용성 문제점을 파악할 수 있지만 정량적 데이터를 분석하는 방법론에 대한 연구는 많이 부족한 실정이다. 즉, 정량적 데이터를 분석할 수 있는 방법론이 개발되어 있지 않아 이러한 데이터의 유용성이 낮게 평가 되어져 왔다. 그러나, 데이터 분석 연구의 급속한 발전으로 정량적 텍스트 데이터를 분석할 수 있는 가능성이 높아졌다. 그 예로, 컴퓨터에서 인간 언어를 이해하는 자연어 처리 분야, 예측 모델 및 클러스터링 도구를 제공하는 기계 학습 분야가 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 사용성 평가를 통해 수집 된 정량적 텍스트 데이터의 분석을 위한 텍스트 처리 알고리즘의 응용 가능성을 연구하는 것이다. 이 연구는 LG 넥밴드 헤드셋 사용성 평가 실험을 통해 수집 된 데이터 세트를 이용하였다. 이용한 데이터 세트는 헤드셋 설문 텍스트 데이터와 사용자 데이터 그리고 제품의 물리적 데이터가 있다. 텍스트 처리 알고리즘과 통합 된 분석 절차에서 벡터 공간에 코멘트를 학습하고 사용자 및 제품 물리적 피처 데이터로 레이블을 지정하고 클러스터링을 사용하여 코멘트 벡터 클러스터링의 결과를 검증하였다.    결과에서 분류된 두개의 클러스터와 가장 일치하는 사용성 피처는 “볼륨 및 곡 이동 버튼”이다. 중심 코멘트를 살펴봤을 때, 분류된 두개 중 하나의 클러스터 중심 코멘트는 모양과 버튼 위치를 강조하는 반면, 다른 클러스터의 중심 코멘트는 버튼 인터페이스 문제점을 강조한 내용이다. 볼륨 및 곡 이동 버튼이 별도로 설계된 제품에서는 피실험자는 두 버튼에 대한 혼동이 적었으며 버튼의 위치와 모양에 대해서만 언급한 문제점을 제시했다. 반면, 볼륨 및 곡 이동 버튼이 하나로 설계된 제품에 대해서는 조작 방법, 기능의 혼란, 버튼 기능의 학습성과 같은 인터페이스 문제점을 서술했다. 클러스터 중심 코멘트 내용과 추출된 사용성 피처의 높은 관련성은 사용성평가에서 정성적 텍스트 데이터를 분석 할 때 텍스트 처리 알고리즘의 응용 가능성을 증명했다 .

Comparative Expression Analysis of Cytokines in Riemerella anatipestifer Infection in Ducks and Chickens : Highlighting the Role of IL-17A in Bacterial Susceptibility

체리팜비드페르난데스 경상대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

Although IL-17 cytokines play critical roles in host defense and immunity, dysregulated expression of these cytokines is associated with inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) is the most important infectious bacterium in the duck industry which has 5-75% mortality, depending on strain virulence. Interestingly, not all avian species are equally susceptible to R. anatipestifer infection. This study reports the first description of mortality rate, bacterial burden, and expression profiles of immune-related genes between ducks and chickens infected with R. anatipestifer. Ducks exhibited increased susceptibility to R. anatipestifer infection compared to chickens, as determined by mortality rate and bacterial burden. Comparative expression analyses of immune-related genes in R. anatipestifer-infected tissues obtained from both species revealed that IL-4 and IFN-γ transcript levels were higher in chickens, whereas TLR4 and IL-17A transcript levels were higher in ducks. Marked increases in expression levels of IL-17A and IL-6, but not TGF-β, were associated with Th17 cell differentiation in duck splenic lymphocytes, but not in chicken splenic lymphocytes stimulated with R. anatipestifer. Moreover, upregulation of IL-6 and IL-17A mRNA expressions, but not TGF-β, was confirmed in the liver and spleen of ducks infected with R. anatipestifer, indicating that IL-17A is strongly associated with R. anatipestifer infection in ducks. Interestingly, in chickens infected with R. anatipestifer serotypes 1 and 7, the Th2-specific cytokine, IL-4 was generally higher in the spleen and liver than the corresponding levels in ducks. This result suggested a possibility that IL-4 expression is involved in the reduction or suppression of IL-17A expression in chickens, and may account for the lower pathogenicity and mounted a protective immunity in chickens compared with ducks. Thus, a full-length duck IL-4 (duIL-4) cDNA encoding 136 amino acids was identified from ConA-activated splenic lymphocytes. The duIL-4 shares approximately 49.3-50% amino acid sequence identity with quail IL-4 (quIL-4) and chicken IL-4 (chIL-4), respectively and 21-29.7% with mammalian and piscine homologues. Low level of duIL-4 mRNA transcript was found in the spleen, and moderate levels were observed in bursa, kidney and thymus, while relatively high level was detected in the lung. The duIL-4 expression profiles were also examined in mitogen-stimulated splenic lymphocytes, as well as in tissues affected by R. anatipestifer. The levels of duIL-4 were generally upregulated in mitogen-activated splenic lymphocytes but lower in the liver and spleen of R. anatipestifer-infected ducks compared to those of infected chickens. Recombinant duIL-4 promoted nitric oxide synthesis in duck splenic macrophages stimulated with R. anatipestifer compared to untreated and stimulated control. duIL-4 treatment downregulated the expression levels of IL-17A and IL-17F transcripts in the splenic lymphocytes stimulated with R. anatipestifer. Moreover, duIL-4 treatment in R. anatipestifer-stimulated splenic lymphocytes suppressed the expression levels of IL-23p19 and IL-12p40 transcripts compared to untreated and stimulated lymphocytes. Conversely, duIL-4 induced the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in IL-4-treated and R. anatipestifer-stimulated splenic lymphocytes compared to untreated and stimulated splenic lymphocytes. These data have demonstrated that duIL-4 is an important Th2 cytokine that inhibits inflammatory responses in splenic lymphocytes stimulated with R. anatipestifer. This study demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines including IL-17A are involved in inflammation during, and regulating susceptibility to, R. anatipestifer infection and suppression of IL-17 production could alleviate the development of the disease. Hence, in this study, the effects of the anti-inflammatory compound berberine (BBR) in duck splenic lymphocytes stimulated with heat-killed R. anatipestifer, and in R. anatipestifer-infected ducks were also investigated. IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-1β transcripts were downregulated, and IFN-γ and IL-10 transcripts were enhanced in berberine-treated stimulated splenic lymphocytes, compared to stimulated untreated splenic lymphocytes. Similarly, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, and IL-1β expressions were significantly reduced, and IFN-γ and IL-10 expressions significantly upregulated, in spleens and livers of R. anatipestifer-infected berberine-treated ducks, compared to infected untreated birds. Moreover, infected and treated birds showed increased survival rates and significantly decreased bacterial burdens compared to infected untreated birds, confirming that inflammatory cytokines are strongly associated with R. anatipestifer infection in ducks.

Functional metal organic frameworks as tunable catalysts for cyclic carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and epoxides

아말 체리안 부산대학교 대학원 2014 국내박사

A Study on Boosting Confidence and Correctness in Criminal Recidivism Prediction Analysis

체리 도미니 카리스 동서대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내석사

사법 시스템에서 널리 사용되는 모델인 COMPAS의 현재 상태는 정확도가 65%이고 AUC가 0.7에 불과합니다. 이는 수천명의 많은 사람들에게 영향을 미치고, 사람들을 격리된 환경에 가두어서 사회에서 생산성 있게 행동하는 것을 불가능하게 만드는 분야에서 사용되기에는 너무 낮습니다. 이렇게 정확도가 낮고 특정 그룹에 대한 편견에도 불구하고, 이 모델이 미국에서 널리 사용되고 있음으로 인해, 민감한 그룹(편향된 사람들)에 속한 사람들을 불필요하게 많이 표시하고 있으며, 다른 그룹의 사람들을 충분히 표시하지 않고 있습니다. 그래서 다른 그룹의 사람들은 시스템의 통지에서 벗어나 계속해서 사회에 불필요한 해를 끼칠 수 있습니다. 이러한 용도의 모델과 그 목적은 매우 중요하며 사법 제도의 영구적인 고정물로서 성장할 수 있는 잠재력이 있지만 정확성과 설명 가능성이 개선되지 않으면, 일부 사법 당국자들은 계속 무시할 것이고 다른 사람들은 높은 정도의 실패를 경험할 것입니다. 이 시스템의 진정한 가능성과 사용성을 보여주기 위해, 이 데이터 세트로 간단한 “설명하고 업그레이드”하는 시나리오를 만들 것입니다. LIME를 사용하여 이 모델의 결과에 대한 각 기능의 중요성을 설명하고, 민감한 특징들과 잠재적으로 민감할 수 있는 특징들을 제거하여 정확성을 비교하고, 단순히 블랙 박스의 작동을 더 잘 인식하고 이렇게 인식된 새로운 지식에 따라 특징들을 조정함으로써 이 모델을 어떻게 개선 할 수 있는지 보여줄 것입니다. 이 논문에서는 COMPAS 데이터 세트에 대한 세 가지의 서로 다른 모델들을 테스트하고 민감한 특징들과 잠재적으로 민감한 특징들의 제거가 정확도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 확인합니다.

Embryo development and ovule culture of interspecific hybrids in Hibiscus : 무궁화 종간잡종의 배아발달과 배주배양

Tapec, Cherry Ann 경북대학교 대학원 2020 국내석사

Interspecific hybridization among different species and genera is one of the most important breeding methods, and the resulting offspring can potentially have hybrid vigor as well as a combination of desirable traits from each parent. Breeders have been trying to create tropical-looking interspecific hybrids adapted to temperate environments. However, these attempts have been unsuccessful to date due to both pre-zygotic barriers and post-fertilization barriers. Moreover, there have been no previous reports of attempts to pods and F1 plants from crosses between H. syriacus and H. moscheutos. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the likelihood of obtaining pods and eventually F1 plants from interspecific crosses between these species. The first experiment examined the embryos of cross-pollinated Hibiscus species (H. sinosyriacus, H. syriacus, and H. moscheutos) in an attempt to obtain pods with viable embryos that could be used in in vitro culture. This showed that embryo development could be categorized into three stages: endosperm formation, embryo development, and embryo growth. Completion of the embryo took longer in the shrubs H. sinosyriacus and H. syriacus than in the perennial H. moscheutos. It was also found that ovule culture was possible from as early as 10 days after pollination (DAP). Based on these results, the second experiment investigated the effects of four different culture media on the development of young ovules from interspecific crosses of H. syriacus and H. moscheutos. This showed that it was possible to obtain seedlings from in-vitro cultured ovules as young as 20 DAP, and that ovules harvested at 22 and 32 DAP showed a favorable response to hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine.

Molecular cloning, characterization and biological activity of duck interleukin-17F

페르난데스 체리 팜비드 경상대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사

Interleukin-17F (IL-17F) is a proinflammatory cytokine, which plays an important role in gut homeostasis. A full-length duck IL-17F (duIL-17F) cDNA with a 501-bp coding region was isolated from ConA-stimulated duck splenic lymphocytes. The duIL-17F is predicted to encode 166 amino acids, which include a 26-amino acid signal peptide, single N-linked glycosylation site, and six cysteine residues that are conserved in mammalian IL-17 family. The duIL-17F shares 77.5% amino acid sequence identity with chicken IL-17F (chIL-17F), 37-46% with corresponding mammalian homologues and 53.5% with previously described duck IL-17A (duIL-17A). The duIL-17F transcript was preferentially expressed in a wide range of normal tissues; highest level was detected in the liver and moderate levels were found in thymus, bursa, kidney, and intestinal tissues. Expression levels of duIL-17F transcript were slightly up-regulated in ConA- and LPS-activated splenic lymphocytes, but not in poly I:C stimulated cells. The recombinant duIL-17F, like duIL-17A, induced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in primary duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEFs), suggesting duIL-17F involvement in inflammatory response and thus, can function as a proinflammatory cytokine. Moreover, duIL-17F directly interacts with duIL-17A and forms a heterodimer. In Salmonella-infected tissues, only expression levels of duIL-17A, but not duIL-17F, were significantly up-regulated in the liver and spleen compared with those of uninfected controls. Thus, further analysis of the contributions of IL-17F and IL-17A to other Salmonella spp. and disease models remains to be elucidated to expand our understanding of its biological functions.

Are Indonesian and South Korean Smart phone User?s Behavior Different?

Yayah,Cheriyah 인하대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

This research investigates the effects of cultural differences on the acceptance of smart phone by identifying social factors as psychological attachment (compliment, internalization and identification) as a possible influencing factor of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and also smart phone using behavior between two countries; Indonesia and South Korea. Surveying 693 university students in South Korea and Indonesia, the study found that TAM is consistently stable across countries but they’re different in attitude and actual of use then also different in actual used of smart phone. TAM of Indonesia and South Korea differ in social factors, internal factors and actual of use as parameter. All of the 5 variables of smart phone actual used; proportion of using, ownership, brand, activities by using smart phone and applications which frequently used, between Indonesian and South Korean are different. Proportion of using and ownership of Indonesia are far higher than South Korean, more than 50% of Indonesian respondent used their smart phone more than 12 hours in a day while Korean only spend less than 30% of their time using smart phone. Korean proved more innovator than Indonesian, their changing behavior on smart phone styles are faster than Indonesia, Korean respondent mostly used their smart phone for less than 3 months but Indonesian respondent have their smart phone more than one year. Indonesian likes doing social networking like twitter or Facebook with their smart phone, but Korean people prefer did chatting by Kakao Talk or DMB (Digital Media Broadcast). On TAM result of two countries revealed that social factors influencing consumer’s attitude, intention and actual used of smart phone. Compliment didn’t show significant effect on Indonesian customer and show negative effect on Korean customers. Perceived usefulness was more important influencing attitude in the Korean, while Perceived ease of use mattered more in Indonesia. Frequency can be used as indicator factor for evaluating internal factors and social factors to actual used of smart phone. The TAM for two countries differ in attitude and actual used (proportion of using), result showed that Korean more sensitive in their attitude according changing in internal factors (Perceived usefulness) and social factors (internalization) compared to Indonesian. And Korean also showed less influencing in their proportion of using based on nationality and identification than Indonesian. Two countries showed no different in behavior intention of using smart phone and actual used (frequency). Different ICT (Information and Communication Technology) conditions between Indonesia and South Korea probably the reason of the difference in TAM of them except differential in culture. High development in ICT became a big leverage in changing Korean youngster attitude and also in Indonesia; likes lack of social skills and more individualism than previous generation. This can be seen also in this result of result, which external reward/punishment didn’t influence their attitude and behavior. This approach can be provider deeper understanding into the adoption of new technology and suggest to marketers better strategies for directing dealing with consumer characteristic in smart phone market.

중국 유학 귀국자의 문화지능과 글로벌역량이 조직적응에 미치는 영향 : 위계적 조직문화의 조절효과

임체리 이화여자대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

글로벌 시대에 접어들면서 경제, 문화, 교육, 비즈니스 등의 교류가 활발해짐에 따라 해외로 유학을 가는 것은 보편적인 현상이 되었다. 또한, 우리나라 기업에서도 국제적 비즈니스를 수행하기 위해 해외 경험이 있는 글로벌 인재를 채용하는 것은 흔히 볼 수 있는 장면이 되었다. 하지만, 유학을 마치고 귀국한 자들은 재적응의 어려움을 겪고 있으며 조직부적응으로 인해 이직 및 퇴사하는 일이 빈번하게 일어나고 있다는 것은 이미 여러 미디어를 통해 보도되었다. 조직구성원들의 조직부적응은 조직성과에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 생산성, 기술 및 자원의 손실까지 이어져 조직 차원에서도 이러한 부정적 영향을 해결하기 위한 방안이 필요하다. 또한, 국제적 교류가 날로 빈번해지기 때문에 다양한 문화적 배경을 가진 인적자원을 효과적으로 개발하고 관리하는 일은 필수적이다. 그러나 현재까지 귀국자들과 조직적응 간의 관계에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않은 실정이며 귀국자에 관한 연구는 아동, 청소년, 대학생과 학교적응 간의 연구가 주를 이루고 성인을 대상으로 한 연구 역시 영어권 국가에만 한정되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 유학생들이 가장 많이 찾는 국가인 중국에서 학업을 마치고 귀국한 성인을 대상으로 진행하고자 하였다. 조직적응을 위한 방안으로 조직 차원에서 멘토링, 리더십, 조직사회화 전략, 교육 훈련 등의 제도를 지원하고 있지만 본 연구에서는 중국 유학 귀국자들이 유학 경험을 통해 얻어지는 다문화 인식, 높은 문화감수성, 문화적 공감능력, 국제사정에 대한 넓은 관점, 글로벌한 감각 등 개인적 능력에 착안하여 이러한 장점들이 국내 조직적응과 어떠한 관계를 갖는지 확인하고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구는 조직적응에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 개인의 역량으로 밝혀진 문화지능과 글로벌 인재가 필수적으로 갖추어야 할 능력인 글로벌역량을 독립변수로 선정하였다. 또한, 우리나라 기업의 특징인 위계적 서열주의 문화가 강하게 작용할수록 조직적응에 미치는 영향력이 상이할 것으로 예상되어 위계적 조직문화를 조절변수로 선정하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 중국 유학 귀국자들을 대상으로 문화지능과 글로벌역량이 귀국 후 국내기업에서의 조직적응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하고 이 과정에서 위계적 조직문화의 조절효과를 실증적으로 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구의 자료 수집은 2020년 10월 21일부터 11월 10일까지 중국 유학 귀국자를 대상으로 설문지를 통해 진행하였으며 설문조사에 219명이 응답하였고 오류 및 불성실한 답변을 제외하고 총 208부의 설문 응답지를 분석하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 26.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 기술통계분석, 다중회귀분석과 조절회귀분석을 시행하였으며 통계적 유의수준은 0.05를 기준으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문화지능의 하위요인인 행동적 지능은 조직적응의 하위변인인 직무만족에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치며 초인지적 지능과 행동적 지능은 직무성과에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 행동적 지능은 직무를 수행할 때 알맞은 행동을 취해 편안한 방식으로 업무를 추진하기 때문에 직무 만족도가 높아진다. 초인지적은 직무를 수행할 때 자신의 판단을 검증하여 직무성과에 대한 정확성을 높이고 행동적 지능은 직무와 구성원들과의 교제 적응성을 높여 직무성과를 향상시킨다. 둘째, 글로벌역량의 하위요인인 세계융합 마인드는 조직적응의 하위요인인 직무만족에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치며 세계융합 마인드, 주도적 적응성과 다양성 추구는 직무성과에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세계융합 마인드는 공정성을 바탕으로 조직 안에서 느끼는 차이점과 갈등을 인식하고 조화와 균형을 유지하며 마찰과 어려움을 해소하는 특징을 가지고 있어 직무만족에 긍정적 영향을 미치며 다양한 입장을 적극 수용하고 깊은 책임감을 가지고 직무를 수행하여 직무성과 향상에도 도움을 준다. 주도적 적응성과 다양성 추구는 적극성과 유연성을 바탕으로 개인이 적극적으로 도전하고 노력하는 경향이 강해 직무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 문화지능과 조직적응 간의 관계에서 위계적 조직문화의 조절효과는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 새로운 문화 환경에 탁월한 문화지능의 적응 능력에서 기인한 것으로 위계적 조직문화와 관계없이 조직에서 갈등을 해소하고 효율적인 행동을 취하기 때문에 큰 영향 요인으로 작용하지 못하는 것이다. 넷째, 글로벌역량과 조직적응 간의 관계에서 위계적 조직문화의 조절효과는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 글로벌역량의 개방성에 기인한 것으로 다양한 문화 환경에서도 열린 마음을 갖고 업무를 성공적으로 수행할 수 있는 능력이 강해 위계적 조직문화가 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하는 것이다. 본 연구의 학문적, 실무적 의의는 다음과 같다. 유학을 마치고 돌아온 유학 귀국자들에 대한 연구는 아동, 청소년, 대학생을 대상으로 한 연구가 심리학과 교육학 분야에서 주로 이루어져왔으며 성인을 대상으로 한 연구 역시 영어권 국가로 한정되어 있다. 본 연구는 중국 유학 귀국자를 대상으로 하여 연구대상과 학문 영역을 확장하였다. 또한, 개인의 특성에 착안하여 조직적응과의 관계를 살펴보았으며 특히, 현재까지 진행되지 않은 글로벌역량과 조직적응의 관계를 실증적으로 규명하였다는 점에서 학문적 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 문화지능과 글로벌역량이 조직적응에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인함으로써 조직 측면에서 글로벌 인재를 효과적으로 개발하고 관리할 수 있는 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 한계점과 후속연구를 위한 제언은 다음과 같다. 본 연구는 자가평가 방식으로 설문조사가 진행되어 응답자의 주관적인 느낌과 상황적 특성에 따라 응답이 달라질 수 있어 객관성 확보가 부족하다. 따라서 객관적이고 심층적인 연구를 위해 상사의 평가 및 다양한 질적방법을 이용한 연구의 필요성이 제기된다. 또한, 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 집단별로 연구를 진행한다면 더욱 세밀한 인과관계를 밝힐 수 있을 것이라고 제언한다. 마지막으로 업종에 따라 조직문화의 특성이 달라질 수 있기 때문에 조직문화를 하나로 한정하지 않고 다양한 조직문화 유형의 조절효과를 분석하는 연구가 추가적으로 필요하다. Studying abroad has become a common phenomenon as economic, cultural, educational and business exchanges have become more active in the global era. It is also quite common for Korean companies to hire global talents with overseas experience to carry out international business. However, according to various media reports, those who returned from studying abroad are having difficulty adjusting and that there are frequent turnover and resignation due to organizational maladjustment. The organizational maladjustment not only affects organizational performance, but also leads to loss of productivity, technology and resources, requiring measures to address these negative impacts at the organizational level. In addition, it is essential to effectively develop and manage human resources from various cultural backgrounds as international exchanges are becoming increasingly frequent. But so far, no research has been conducted on the relationship between returnees and organizational adaptation. Studies of returnees have been mainly focused on children, teenagers, college students and school adaptations, while studies of adults are also limited to English-speaking countries. Therefore, this study was to be conducted on adults who returned home after finishing their studies in China which is one of the most visited countries by Korean. Although organizations provide members with all sorts of education and trainings such as mentoring, leadership and socialization strategies to support their adaptation, this study confirmed that how personal abilities obtained from studying in China, such as multicultural awareness, high cultural sensitivity, cultural empathy, broad perspectives on international affairs and global sensibility, are related to adaption to domestic organizations. Therefore, this study selected cultural intelligence which was identified as an individual's ability to positively influence organizational adaptation, and global competences which are essential capabilities for global talent as independent variables. In addition, hierarchical organizational culture, which is a common characteristic of Korean companies, is expected to have different influences on one’s organizational adaptation, so it was selected as a moderating variable. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of the cultural intelligence and global competences of the collage-graduate returnees from China on the organizational adaptation, and to examine the moderating effect of organizational culture in this process. This research collected the data from this November 10th to October 21st, 2020, through the survey for the Korean returnees from studying in China, who are currently working in domestic companies’offices. 208 questionnaires out of 219 were used for the analysis except false answers. The data analysis was conducted through the computerized statistics with SPSS 26, using the frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The level of significance was verified in p<.05. The results and findings of this study are as follows: First, behavioral intelligence, a subfactor of cultural intelligence, had a positive(+) influence on job satisfaction. A subfactor of organizational adaptation, and meta-cognitive and behavioral intelligence also had a significant positive(+) influence on job performance. Behavioral intelligence increases job satisfaction because it makes a person to take appropriate actions when performing a task and carry out the task in a comfortable way. Meta-cognitive intelligence validates one's judgement when performing a task, thereby increases accuracy on task performance and behavioral intelligence improves one’s job performance by increasing the interaction adaptability with the task and its members. Second, the cosmo-convergence mind, a subfactor of global competences, had a positive(+) influence on job satisfaction, a subfactor of organizational adaptation, and cosmo-convergence mind, self-directed adaptability and diversity seeking had a positive(+) influence on job performance. Cosmo-convergence mind recognizes differences and conflicts within organizations based on fairness, which leads to maintaining harmony and balance, resolving friction and difficulties, which brings positive effect on job satisfaction, actively accepting various positions, and performing one’s duties with deep responsibility, and eventually improves job performance. Self-directed adaptability and diversity-seeking have a positive impact on job performance as individuals tend to actively challenge and strive based on their activities and flexibility. Third, the relationship between cultural intelligence and organizational adaptation shows no moderating effect of hierarchical organizational culture. This is due to the ability of cultural intelligence to adapt to the new cultural environment, which is not a significant influence because it resolves conflicts and takes efficient actions in organizations regardless of hierarchical organizational culture. Fourth, the relationship between global competences and organizational adaptation shows no moderating effect of hierarchical organizational culture. This is due to the openness of global capabilities and the hierarchical organizational culture do not have much impact as it has a strong ability to successfully carry out work in various cultural environments. The academic and practical implications of this study are as follows: Studies of returnees from studying abroad have been conducted mainly in psychology and education for children, adolescents and college students; Studies for adults are also limited to English-speaking countries. This study expanded the scope of research area and object, by specifically focusing on those who returned from studying in China. Furthermore, the organizational adaptation was examined based on individual characteristics, especially of academic significance in that it empirically identified the relationship between global competences and organizational adaptation that has not progressed to date. Finally, by confirming that cultural intelligence and global competences have a positive influence on organizational adaptation, this study presents practical implications for effective development and management of global talents in organizations. The limitations of this study and the suggestions for further research are as follows: This study lacks objectivity because the survey was conducted in a self-evaluation method, which can vary the response depending on the subject’s emotion and situation. Therefore, for more objective and in-depth research, it is necessary to evaluate group leaders and use various qualitative methods. It is also suggested that more detailed causalities can be identified if studies are conducted in groups according to demographic characteristics. Finally, because the characteristics of organizational culture may vary depending on the industry, additional research is needed to analyze the moderating effect of various types of organizational culture, not limited to hierarchical organizational culture.

Laboratory infection of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with the protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: A model for parasite persistence

Cherry, Bryan University of Pennsylvania 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

The protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) is believed capable of infecting nearly all species of freshwater fish. Ich typically causes high mortality in fish populations leading to catastrophic host mortality and parasite extinction. It seems clear that the parasite is not maintained on any of the host species in which we normally encounter it. The purpose of this thesis was to examine and describe the quantitative and qualitative properties of the kind of host-pathogen relationship that might allow Ich to become established as an endemic infection in a host species population. The model host was the laboratory-reared TLF strain of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish, individually and in cohorts, were infected with Ich and the burden of parasitism, distribution of parasites, and progress of infection over time were examined. As a control and comparison species, fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were concurrently infected. A mathematical model of Ich infection dynamics was developed to account for the observed outcomes of infection. TLF zebrafish were found to suffer much less severe infection, as measured by total number of parasites per fish, than catfish exposed to similar numbers of infective stage parasites. Zebrafish experienced much lighter gill infection than catfish, and parasites collected from zebrafish demonstrated significantly lower reproductive potential (measured as number of new infective stages produced) than parasites collected from catfish. Zebrafish cohorts infected with Ich experienced lower cumulative host mortality than catfish cohorts infected with Ich. From the point of view of population dynamics, the differences between the two systems turn out to be quantitative, rather than qualitative, in the sense that a single mathematical model can be used to describe both host-pathogen systems. The systems differ only in the numerical values assigned to the model parameters. While the TLF zebrafish might not be the natural reservoir host of Ich, it does represent a laboratory model of one suite of mechanisms for the persistence of this parasite in nature.

Effects of modeling software on fifth-grade students' construction of computer-based models: A classroom study comparing two software designs

Cherry, Gina University of Colorado at Boulder 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

One promising approach to supporting science learning focuses on the creation and use of computer-based models that represent how and why things work. Activities with models and simulations have the potential to help children organize, develop, test, and refine their ideas about science, enabling robust understanding of science concepts. In this study, I explore the ways in which the design of modeling software affects the cognitive, social, and design processes in which students engage when creating models. I address these issues in the context of a modeling environment called EcoWorlds, which allows learners to create models of imaginary animals and ecosystems. My analysis focuses on a specific design task that is part of the modeling process. I compare two versions of the EcoWorlds software that differ in several respects: the role of the software in introducing background knowledge; the types of constraints the software imposes on student expression; and the ways in which the software guides students to think scientifically. I look at the effects of these software design decisions on two aspects of the learning environment that reflect opportunities for learning: the types of conversations students have while engaged in the activity, and students' ability to express their ideas about animals in the software. I also consider the way in which these design decisions affect the ability of teachers to incorporate model-building activities in typical elementary school classrooms. The results suggest that the version of the software that provides students with background knowledge about the domain creates more opportunities for learning than does the more open-ended version of the software.