"Hi-Pol" 복합(複合)레진이 치수조직(齒髓組織)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

조효선,Cho, Hyo-Sun 대한치과보존학회 1978 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.4 No.1

This experimental study was made to investigate the effect of the "Hi-Pol" composite resin on the human dental pulp. 38 cavities of healthy permanent teeth were divided into 5 groups which were used as experimental materials. Group 1: Zinc Oxide-Euginol paste was applied to the cavities as controls $\cdots\;\cdots8$ cases Group 2: "Hi-Pol"*filling with Dycal** base $\cdots\;\cdots9$ cases Group 3: "Hi-Pol" filling without Dycal base $\cdots\;\cdots9$ cases Groud 4: Adaptic*** filling with Dycal base $\cdots\;\cdots6$ cases Group 5: Adaptic filling without Dycal base $\cdots\;\cdots6$ cases The treated teeth were extracted after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks and processed for histological study. The results obtained from this experimental study were as follows; 1. The controls applied zinc oxide-eugenol showed the minimal pulp response and group 3 and group 5 showed the most severe pulp response. 2. In group 3 and group 5, the severity of pulp response increased in intensity according to the time elapsed. 3. In group 2 and group 4, the mild pulp response was found in earlier stage and the repairing process could be observed in later stage. * Boo-Pyung Co., Korea ** L. D. Caulk Co., Milford, Del. 19963 *** Johnson and Johnson Co., New Brunswick, NJ 08903.

Huh7.5 간암 세포주의 HCV 항원제시에 의한 HCV 특이 T 림프구의 활성에 관한 연구

조효선,Cho, Hyo-Sun 한국미생물학회 2011 미생물학회지 Vol.47 No.4

T cells play a key role in viral infection. However, in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, HCV-specific T cells are dysfunctional and impaired in the liver, which is the primary site for HCV replication. There are multiple potential mechanisms for HCV-specific T cell dysfunction including induction of immune inhibitory pathways (program death-1; PD-1, cytotoxic t lymphocyte associated antigen-4; CTLA-4) and immune tolerance induced specific for the liver. However, the interaction between hepatocytes and HCV-specific CD8 T cells has not clearly established. In this study, we confirmed huh (human hepatoma) 7.5 cells expressing HLA (human leukocyte antigen) A2 presented antigen to activate HCV-specific CD8 T cells in HLA A2-restricted manner and expression of PD-L (program death ligand) 1 on huh7.5 cells reduced HCV-specific CD8 T cell activation, suggesting an immune modulatory activity. Loss of HCV-specific tetramer responses following antigenic stimulation correlated with increased caspase-3 activity. In addition, PD-L1 on huh7.5 cells rescued HCV-specific CD8 T cells from apoptosis. Our results suggest that the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 can recover the function of HCV-specific CD8 T cells in the liver, which could be applied in therapy of HCV chronic infection. 인체의 바이러스 감염 방어기전에서 T 림프구는 중요한 역할을 한다. 하지만, 만성 C형 간염 바이러스의 일차적 복제장소인 간염 환자의 간에서 분리된 HCV 특이 T 림프구는 심각한 기능결핍을 보인다. 이러한 T 림프구 기능결핍의 이유로는 PD-1, CTLA-4 등 면역억제 물질의 발현, 또는 간에서 특이적으로 유도되는 면역내성(immune tolerance)이 있으나, 간세포(hepatocytes)와 HCV 특이 T 림프구의 상호작용에 대해서는 명확하게 확립되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 HLA(human leukocyte antigen) A2+ 간암세포주(human hepatoma cell line; huh7.5)가 항원제시(antigen presentation)를 통해 효과적으로 HCV 특이 T 림프구를 활성화시키며 간암세포주(huh7.5) 표면의 PD-L (program death ligand) 1 발현은 T림프구의 활성을 감소시켜 면역조절의 가능성이 있음을 시사하였다. 또한, HCV 특이 tetramer 반응은 T 림프구의 과도한 활성으로 자기사멸(apoptosis)의 경로에 있음을 caspase 3 활성으로 확인하였고, 역시 PD-L1의 발현이 T 림프구를 자기사멸(apoptosis)로부터 구제하여 caspase 3 활성이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 PD-L1과 간성(liver) T 림프구 표면의 PD-1 결합이 T 림프구의 자기사멸을 막고, 또한 그 기능을 회복시켜 만성 C형 간염 치료에 응용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

The PseEF Efflux System Is a Virulence Factor of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

조효선,강효정 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.1

An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, called the PseEF efflux system, was identified at the left border of the syr-syp genomic island of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B301D. The PseEF efflux system was located within a 3.3-kb operon that encodes a periplasmic membrane fusion protein (PseE), and an ABC-type cytoplasmic membrane protein (PseF). The PseEF efflux system exhibited amino acid homology to a putative ABC efflux system (MacAB) of E. coli W3104 with identities of 47.2% (i.e., PseE to MacA) and 57.6% (i.e., PseF to MacB). A nonpolar mutation within the pseF gene was generated by nptII insertional mutagenesis. The resultant mutant strain showed significant reduction in secretion of syringomycin (74%) and syringopeptin (71%), as compared to parental strain B301D. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to determine transcript levels of the syringomycin (syrB1) and syringopeptin (sypA) synthetase genes in strain B301D-HK7 (a pseF mutant). Expression of the sypA gene by mutant strain B301D-HK7 was approximately 6.9% as compared to that of parental strain B301D, while the syrB1 gene expression by mutant strain B301D-HK7 was nearly 14.6%. In addition, mutant strain B301D-HK7 was less virulent by approximately 67% than parental strain B301D in immature cherry fruits. Mutant strain B301D-HK7was not reduced in resistance to any antibiotics used in this study as compared to parental strain B301D. Expression (transcript levels) of the pseF gene was induced approximately six times by strain B301D grown on syringomycin minimum medium (SRM) supplemented with the plant signal molecules arbutin and D-fructose (SRMAF), as compared to that of strain B301D grown on SRM (in the absence of plant signal molecules). In addition, during infection of bean plants by P. syringae pv. syringae strain B728a, expression of the pseF gene increased at 3 days after inoculation (dai). More than 180-fold induction was observed in transcript levels of the pseF gene by parental strain B728a as compared to strain B728a-SL7 (a salA mutant). Thus, the PseEF efflux system, an ABC-type efflux system, has an important role in secretion of syringomycin and syringopeptin, and is required for full virulence in P. syringae pv. syringae.

Phenotypic Characteristics of Natural Killer Cells in Acute Hepatitis

조효선 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.2

Natural killer (NK) cells are the principal effector cell population in innate immune defense against many types of infections. These cells are enriched in the liver, where they comprise approximately 40% to 60% of the intrahepatic lymphocyte pool compared to the peripheral blood compartment. In chronic HBV and HCV infection, NK cells were reported to be partially dysfunctional due to impaired IFN-γsecretion. Few studies have examined phenotypic features of NK cells in acute hepatitis. We identified NK (CD56+CD3-)cell populations in patients with acute hepatitis by examining the expressions of phenotypic NK cell markers (CD16,NKG2A, and NKG2D). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with acute hepatitis A (7) and patients with non-viral acute toxic hepatitis (6) during the symptomatic and convalescent phases. Expressions of NK (CD56+CD3-) cell markers, CD16, NKG2A, and NKG2D,were measured by flow cytometry. Symptomatic acute hepatitis including non-viral hepatitis and HAV infection showed significant increases of NKG2A expression compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, there was a direct correlation between the proportion of NK cell populations and liver function parameters (AST, ALT) in HAV infection. The strong correlation was also observed between the expression of NKG2A+NK cells and ALT, which suggests that most of NK cells in severe phase of disease express high level of NKG2A on their surface. In addition, decreased number of NK cells (CD56+CD3-) in symptomatic phase began to increase in the convalescent phase of acute hepatitis A. However, the expression of NKG2A tended to be reduced,which indicates that NKG2A, the inhibitory receptor on NK cells, can be a severity parameter in acute hepatitis.

KSHV Infection of B-Cell Lymphoma Using a Modified KSHV BAC36 and Coculturing System

조효선,강효정 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.2

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of two B cell lymphoproliferative diseases,namely primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD). KSHV infection of B cell lymphoma in vitro has been a long-standing battle in advancing human KSHV biology. In this study, a modified form of KSHV BAC36 named BAC36A significantly increased the fidelity of gene-targeted site-directed mutagenesis in the KSHV genome. This modification eliminates tedious screening steps required to obtain mutant clones when a KSHV BAC36 reverse genetic system is used. Coculturing B-cell lymphoma BJAB cells with KSHV BAC36A stably transfected 293T cells enabled us to infect BJAB cells with a KSHV virion derived from the KSHV BAC36A. The coculture system produced substantial amounts of KSHV infection to BJAB, meaning that KSHV virions were released from 293T cells and then infected neighboring BJAB cells. Owing to our success with the KSHV BAC36A and coculture system, we propose a new genetic system for the study of KSHV gene expression and regulation in B-cell lymphoma.

(The) crisis in antibiotic resistance 항생제 내성 위기

조효선 덕성여자대학 약학부 1997 약운 Vol.17 No.-

해양스포츠 지도자의 스포츠리더십이 참여자의 자기결정성과 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향

조효선,장재용 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.6

본 연구는 최근 인기 스포츠의 대열에 합류하는 해양스포츠 참여자를 대상으로 해양스포츠 지도자의 리더십에 따른 참여자의 자기결정성과 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향력을 실증적으로 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 규명하기 위해 2017년 부산광역시에 위치한 부산광역시 요트학교와 송정 서핑샵 및 해양스포츠 관련 교육기관의 참여자들을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에사용된 설문지는 조사대상의 일반적 특성 8문항, 스포츠리더십 15문항, 자기결정성 15문항, 운동지속의도 5문항으로 총 43문항으로 구성하였다. 가설검정을 위한 자료 분석방법으로 Windows SPSS Ver. 22.0 프로그램을 이용하여 상관분석(correlation analysis)과 다중회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였으며 연구를 통하여 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스포츠 리더십의 지적자극 요인은 자기결정성의 자율성에, 스포츠 리더십의 카리스마 요인은 자기결정성의 유능성에, 스포츠 리더십의 카리스마 요인과 지적자극 요인은 자기결정성의 관계성에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 스포츠 리더십의 카리스마 요인과 지적자극 요인은 운동지속의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 자기결정성의 자율성과 유능성은 운동지속의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the influence of the marine sports leader's leadership on the participants' self-determination and exercise continuation intention, targeting marine sports participants who have recently joined the ranks of popular sports. In order to clarify the purpose of this study, a study was conducted targeting participants of the Busan Metropolitan City Yacht School, Songjeong Surf Shop, and marine sports-related educational institutions located in Busan in 2017. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of a total of 43 questions, including general characteristics (8 questions), sports leadership (15 questions), self-determination (15 questions), and exercise continuation intention (5 questions). As a data analysis method for hypothesis testing, Windows SPSS Ver. 22.0 program was used to conduct correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, and the conclusions drawn through the study are as follows. First, the intellectual stimulation factor of sports leadership had a positive effect on the autonomy of self-determination, the charisma factor of sports leadership had a positive effect on the competence of self-determination, and the charisma factor and intellectual stimulation factor of sports leadership had a positive effect on the relationship between self-determination. Second, the charisma factor and intellectual stimulation factor of sports leadership had a positive effect on intention to continue exercising. Third, autonomy and competence in self-determination had a positive effect on intention to continue exercising.

만성 바이러스 감염에서 면역조절인자 FoxP3, PD-1 및 CTLA-4의 역할

조효선,Cho, Hyosun 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.3

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause viral infections that lead to chronic diseases. When they invade human body, virus specific T cells play an important role in antiviral effector functions including killing virus-infected cells and helping B cells to produce specific antibodies against viral proteins. The antiviral activity of T cells is usually affected by immune-regulatory factors that express on surface of T cells. Recently, many researchers have investigated the relationship between effector functions of virus specific T cells and characteristics of immune regulatory factors (e.g., CD28, CD25, CD45RO, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4). In particular, Immune inhibitory molecules such as forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are associated with T-cell dysfunction. They are shown to be up-regulated in chronic viral diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Therefore, the positive correlation between viral persistence and expression of immune regulatory factors (FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4) has been suggested. In this review, the roles of immune regulatory factors FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 were discussed in chronic viral diseases such as HIV, HBV, or HCV. 인간면역결핍바이러스(Human immunodeficiency virus; HIV), B형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis B virus; HBV), 그리고 C형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis C virus; HCV)는 만성 감염질환을 일으키는 대표적인 바이러스들이다. 인체내 감염시 임상적 진행경과에 따른 바이러스 특이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능변화 및 바이러스의 체내 지속성과 T림프구에 발현되는 다양한 면역인자(e.g., CD28, CD25, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4)들과의 구체적인 상관관계는 최근 많은 국내외 연구진들을 통해 연구되고 있다. 그 중 FoxP3 (forkhead box P3), PD-1 (programmed death-1) 그리고 CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4)는 T림프구에서 발현되는 면역조절인자로 만성 바이러스성 감염시 그 발현이 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 항바이러스 작용을 가지는 T림프구의 기능결핍과 밀접한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 총설에서는 만성적인 HIV, HBV, 그리고 HCV 감염에서 바이러스 특이 T림프구에서 발현되는 FoxP3, PD1, 그리고 CTLA-4의 발현변화와 각 질환의 임상적 진행경과와의 상관성, 그리고 이들 발현이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능에 미치는 영향 등을 중심으로 기술하였다.

齒根端 病巢의 免疫病理組織學的 硏究

趙孝仙 大韓齒科保存學會 1982 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.8 No.1

상아 소구치 근관치료후 수복방법에 따른 응력분포의 유한 요소 분석

이재영,이정식,조효선 大韓齒科保存學會 1996 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.21 No.1